高考英语：考点妙解主旨大意

本类考题解答锦囊

一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别

是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段

落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topicsentence)来概括该段的中心思想。主题句一

般具有三个特点：

1.表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。

2.句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。

3.段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。

理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的

位置有五种情况：

1.主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。通常用演绎

法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。

2.主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法

撰写。表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。位于段尾的主题句往往陈

述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果

3.主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主

题则由随之引出的句子来表达。此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述

细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题一一主题一一解释，或提问

----回答----解释。

屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文

章中的意思比其他的段更重要。采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。值得注意的是，表

述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽一致，而且在内容上后者也

不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。

5.主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并

没有明确表述。阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表

达文段的主题思想。对于无主题句的文段，不可能采用辩论主题句的方法来获取其主题思想。

而应正确理解作者提供的所有细节，包括事实、观点和事件，在大脑中形成初步印象。然后

发挥自己的逻辑概括能力，概括作者提供的事实、观点和事件，综合归纳成一般概念。这种

概念不一定能达到主题句那样完整，但只要切合文段的主题即可。

这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析、归纳文章的

段落大意、重要睛节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求学生把握文章的总体，并

真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难

度较大，属于高层次题。在运用多项选择法考查学生这方面的阅读理解能力时,对大多数短

文(段落)的主题(subject),中心思想(mabidea),标题(titlle)或作者的写作目的

(pUI'[X)se)加以拟题。拟题大致有以下固定的提问方式：

1.Thesubiectoftheparagraph(passage)is_____.

2.Theparagraph(passage)dealswith.

3.WhattopiciStreatedinthisparagraph(passage)?

4.Themainideaoftheparagraph(passage)is

5.Fromtheparagraph(passage)weknowthat

6.Theparagraph(passage)couldbeentitled

7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheparagraph(passage)?

8.Whatistheauthor'smainpupose?

凡遇到这样的一些问题,我们都应从理解主题思想去考虑答案是哪一个。

I高考最新热门题

L(典型例题季卷)

AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionis

torespecttheself-mademan--themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,

usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorin­

dustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommands

greaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecom-monlaboreroreventheskilledfactory

worker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaas

afarmerorlaborerofsomesort.

Thisattitudetowardmanual(体力的)laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspects

ofAmericanlif〜Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortably

butevenluxuriously(豪华地)furnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceof

thefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,

andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinner

herself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinner

willnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsof

variouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenear-bybakery.Onthecontrary,

thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.A

professionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecar,digginginhisflowerbeds,painting

thehouse.Uiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethings,justasheoftenhelpsherwith

thedishwashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishes

forhisliving,orduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighway

inordertopayforhiseducation.

1.FromParagraph1,wecanknowthatinAmerica

A.peopletendtohaveahighopinionoftheself-一mademan

B.peoplecanalwaysrisetothetopthroughtheirownefforts

C.collegeprofessorswingreatrespectfromcommonworkers

D.peoplefeelpainfultomentiontheirfathersaslaborers

2.Accordingtothepassage,thehostesscooksdinnerherselfmainlybecause

A.servantsinAmericaarehardtoget

B.shetakesprideinwhatshecandoherself

C.shecanhardlyaffordservants

D.itiseasytoprepareamealwithcannedfood

3.Theexpression"waitontable"inthesecondparagraphmeans

A.workinafurnitureshop

B.keepaccountsforabar

C.waittolaythetable

D.servecustomersinarestaurant

4.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ARespectableSelf-madeFamily

B.AmericanAttitudetowardManualLabor

C.CharacteristicsofAmericanCulture

D.TheDevelopmentofManualLabo

命题目的与解题技巧：本文的命题目的是考查考生概括主题的能力。做这类题的决窍就是找

主题句。本文共两段，主题句为每段的第一句话。找出主题句，就不难抓住本文的主题思想。

【解析】本文介绍了美国人民在生活中尊重通过自己的勤奋劳动而获得成功的人这样

一种文化。

【答案】1.A这是一道段落主旨题。从第一段内容可知整段都围绕第一句话展开，因

而第一句话是这一段的主题句，说明在美国手工工人很受尊敬。

2.B本题为细节题。第二段倒数第四句说女主人自己做饭的原因是她们为自己能动手

做饭而感到骄傲。

3.D猜测词义题。根据sswashdishesfOrhisliving〃可推测出wait。ntable的意思

“在饭店当招待员”。

4.B本题是主旨题。这篇短文主要讲述美国人对手工劳动的态度。

2.（典型例题

FIfthereisnodifferenceingeneralintelligence（智力）betweenboysand

girls,whatcanexplaingirls'poorperformanceinscienceandmathematics?

Itseemstobethattheirtreatmentatschoolisadirectcause.Mathematics

andscienceareseenassubjectsmainlyforboys,andtherefore,asgirlsbecome

teenagers,theyarelesslikelytotakethem.Interestingly,bothboysandgirls

oftenre-gardthesubjectsforboysasmoredifficult.Yetithasbeensuggested

thatgirlsdonottakemathematicscourses,notbe-causetheyaredifficult,but

forsocialreasons.Girlsdonotwanttobeinopencompetitionwithboysbecause

theyareafraidtoappearlessfeminine（女性的）andattractive.

However,ifweexaminethe.performanceofboysandgirlswhohavetaken

mathematicscourses,therearestillmorehigh-achievingboysthantherearegirls.

Thisdifferenceappearstobeworld-wide.Biologicalexplanationshavebeen

offeredforthis,butthereareotherexplanationstoo.

Perhapsthedifferencewhichcomesoutduringtheteenageyearshasitsroots

inmuchearlierexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinkindergarten,boysare

encouragedtoworkontheirownandtocompletetasks.Factsshowthatoutstanding

（杰出的）mathematiciansandscientistshavenothadteacherswhosuppliedanswers.

Besides,therecanbelittledoubtthatteachersofmathematicsandscience

expecttheirboystudentstodobetteratthesesubjectsthantheirgirlstudents.

Theyevenappeartoencouragethedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.Theyspend

moretimewiththeboystudents,givingthemmoretimetoanswerquestionsandworking

hardertogetcorrectanswersfromthem.Theyaremorelikelytocallonboysfor

answersandtoallowthemtotaketheleadinclassroomdiscussion.Theyalsopraise

boysmorefrequently.Allofthisseemstoencourageboystoworkharderinscience

andmathematicsandtogivethemconfidence（信心）thattheyareabletosucceed.

Suchawayofteachingisnotlikelytoencouragegirlstotakemanymathematics

andsciencecourses,norisitlikelytosupportgirlswhodo.Whenitcomestothese

subjectsitseemscertainthatschoolwidensthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.

1.Girlsarelikelytothinkthat

A.sciencecoursesareforbothboysandgirls

sciencecoursesmakethemmorepopular

C.sciencecoursesmakethemsuccessful

D.sciencecoursesaredifficultforthem

2.Thetextmainlydiscussesreasonsforthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls

inscientificachievements.

A.biologicalB.historical

C.socialD.personal

3.Whatareboysusuallyencouragedtodoatschool?

A.Togethelpwiththeirhomework.

B.Toplaytheleadingroleinclass.

C.Toworkwithgirlstudentsinclass.

D.Tolearntotakecareofothers.

4.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutgreatmathematicians?

A.Theirteachersdidnotsupplyanswerstothem.

B.Theystartedlearningmathematicsatanearlierage.

C.Theyshowedmathematicalabilitiesintheirteenageyears.

D.Theirsuccessresultedfromtheirstronginterestinmathematics.

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat______.

A.boysandgirlslearninthesameway

B.boysandgirlsareequalingeneralintelligence

C.girlsaremoreconfidentinthemselvesthanbefore

D.girlsshouldtakefewersciencecoursesthanboys

【解析】本文是议论文，主要分析了男孩跟女孩在数学学习方面差异形成的原因。

【答案】F1.D要求考生根据细节进行推断。文章第二段中第三句话说明女孩们不愿

选修这些理科课程，似乎认为这些很难。

2.C考查概括主旨大意的能力。文章第三段虽提到了biologicalreason,但这并不

是作者要强调的。"Biologicalexplanationshavebeenofferedforthis,butthereare

otherexplanationstoo.”再看全文。作者主要探讨的学校教育，甚至学前教育所造成的

影响，属于socialreasons.

3.B这是一道细节理解题。文章第五段在讨论学校教育时说“Theyaremorelikely

tocallonboysforanswersandtoalloWthemtotaketheleadinclassroom

discussion”，意思就是说在班里起带头作用。

4.A考查对文章细节的理解能力。第四段提到男女生的差异可能源于他们在幼儿园受

到的教育。对大数学家的调查提到“Factsshowthatoutstandingmathematiciansand

scientistshavenothadteacherswhosuppliedanswers”。

5.B考查对作者观点的理解。文章第一句话说"IIthereisnodiferenceingeneral

intelligencebetweenboysandgrls...,表明作者承认男女之间智力并无大的差异，

导致他们后天在理科方面的差距的直接原因不是智力，而是学校教育。之后作者不再提智力

方面的差异，说明作者承认这个前提。

由上面两个例题我们可以看出，文章的中心思想或主旨大意一定带有综合概括性。

Passage1（典型例题

ItwasawarmAprildaywhenabigfatenvelopecameinthemailfrom

theonlycOllegeIhadeveriiliaginedattending.Itoreopenthepacket.Myeyes

werenxedontheword"congratulations1don，tremembereversmilingsoWide.

ThenIlOOkedatmyfinancial（财政）package.

ThecostofDreamSchoolJstuition（学费）,roomandboardwasaround（40,000an

impossiblesum!HowconldIaffordtoattend?WhatgoodreasonsdidIhavetogo

therewhenthreeotherfinecollegeswereofferingmefreetuittion?My

otherchoicesweregood,solidschoolseveniftheyweren，tasfamousasmyfirst

choice.

Inmymind,attendingmydreamuniversityWouldbetheonlywaytorealizemy

dreamofbecomingaworld--classwriter.MyparentsunderstoodhowIfelt.Theytold

methateventhoughitwouldbeafinancialproblem,IcouldgowhereverIwould

behappiest.ButasIwasalwayscarefulwithmoney,Iwasn'tsurewhattodo.

Oneoftheschoolsthatofferedmeafullridehadaninformationaldinnerone

nightinthespring.Consideringmyparents，financialdifficulties,Idecidedto

drivethe45minutesandattend.Atfirst,allIhadplannedtodowastosmile

politely,eatfreefood,listenquietly.ButIsurprisedmyself.

Atdinnerthepresidentoftheuniversitytalkedaboutthewonderfulactivities

oncampus（校园）includingguestlecturesandsocialgatherings.Healsomadeit

perfectlyclearthatfreefoodwouldbeofferedatallfutureevents.Hecontinued

withexplanationsofprofessors,classsizes,activities,andsportingeventson

campus.Ashespoke,Ibegantorealizethatthisschool,thoughnotasgoodas

myfirstchoice,mightbethebestoneforme.Itseemedsmallyetwithmanygreat

programs.Itseemedchallengingyetcaring.

Asthepresidentendedhisspeech,weclappedpolitelyandpushedbackour

chairs.AsIwalkedoutofthatdoor,afeelingofcomfortwashedoverme.Looking

atthecampusthatnight,IrealizedthatIwouldbespendingthenextfouryears

rightthere.

Inallhonesty,myuniversityisnotaswell-knownasmy〃dream〃university.

However,itturnedouttobetherightchoiceofschoolsforme.

1.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhestartedtoreadtheletter?

A.Hewasfullofjoy.

B.Hewaslostinhisdream.

C.Hewasworriedaboutthemoney.

D.Hewasuncertainwhichschooltogoto.

答案：A指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第一段中Idon'tremembereversmilingso

wide.可推断出当作者开始读信时内心充满了欢乐。

2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheparents

were.

A.honestB.strict

C.supportiveD.decisive

答案：C指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段中MyparentsunderstoodhowI

felt.Theytoldmethateventhoughitwouldbeafinancialproblem,Icouldgo

whereverIwouldbehappiest.可判断出作者的家长对他很支持。

3.InParagraph5,“offeredmeafullride"canbereplacedby.

A.wouldpayfortransporttotheschool

B.wouldshowmearoundthecampus

C.wouldofferfreemealsatallevents

D.wouldchargemenothingfortuition

答案：D指导：这是一道猜义题。根据下文的内容可猜测出offeredmeafullride的

意思是“免除学费”。

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttosay?

A.Yoursecond-choicecollegemayactuallybeyourbestfit.

B.Youshouldconsidercomfortinyourchoiceofschools.

C.Youshouldtryyourbesttoattendyourdreamschool.

D.Yourchoiceofschoolsshouldbebasedontheirfame.

答案：A指导：这是一道猜测作者写作意图题。这篇短文主要讲述了作者接到梦想已久的

大学录取通知书时心情非常激动，但是由于高昂的学费，使他望而却步，不得不去一家免费

学校上学，在这里作者感到比自己梦想的学校还要好，所以作者认为第二志愿的学校可能最

适合自己。

Passage2（典型例题）

AteacherofEnglishasasecondlanguageisthe20典型例题heroftheYear

intheUnitedStates.KathyMellorofRhodeIslandwillspendthenextyearasan

internationalspokeswomanforeducation.PresidentBushandhiswife.Eaura,honored

herduringaceremony（仪式）attheWhiteHouselastweek.

Forthepastnineteenyears.KathyMeliorhastaughtEnglishasasecond

languageatDavisvilleMiddleSchoolinNorthKingstown,RhodeIsland,inthe

northeasternUnitedStates.SheredesignedtheprogramforE.S.L.studentsather

schooltoprovideeachstudentwithonetothreeperiodsperdayinclassesfor

Englishlearners.Howmuchinstructionthestudentsgetdependsontheirlevelof

skillinlistening,speak-Ing,readingandwriting.Theamountoftimetheyspend

intheseclassesisreducedastheirlevelofEnglishincreases.

AteacherdescribestfiisasthemostsuccessfulE.S.L.programinNorth

Kingstown.ShealsopraisesKathyMeliorforprovidinghelptostudentsandtheir

familiesbyformingalocalparentsgroupforspeakersofotherlanguages.This

improvedtheirabilitytohelptheirchildren.

KathyMeliorearnedamaster*sdegreeineducationfromRhodeIslandCollege.

ShestudiedteachingEnglishasasecondlanguage.

ShewaschosenforthenationalhonorofTeacheroftheYearfromamongtop

teachersineachofthefiftystates.AsTeacheroftheYear,KathyMeliorwilltravel

aroundtheUnitedStatesandtoothercountries.Shewilltalkabouttheimpor-tance

ofeducationandtheworkofFteachers.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.TeacheroftheYear20典型例题heUnitedStates

B.MsMellor'sEnglishteachinginstruction

C.MsMellor，s^teachingskillsoflearningEnglish

D.praisestoMsMeliorfromotherteachers

答案：A指导：本文通过首段首句可看出答案：一名把英语作为第二语言的英语教师成为

20典型例题一位模范（一项荣誉）。所以A是最佳选项；其他三项都是主旨下的细节。

2.Whatdoes"E.S.L.”inthepassagestandfor?

A.Englishstudylearners.

B.Englishspeakingandlistening.

C.Englishspeciallearners.

D.Englishasasecondlanguage.

答案：D指导：结合整篇文章的中心句（第一段第一句）及第二段第一、二句，可得出答案。

猜测词义千万不要望文生义，要结合该词前后的两或三个句子，结合文章或段落中心，加以

推断.

3.Fromthispassagewecanlearnthat

A.middleschoolteachersfromeachstatearehonoredTeachersoftheYear

B.middleschoolteachersintheUSAhavetogetmaster'sdegrees

T

C.MsMellorsrstudentshavenoproblemsinlearningEngish

D.theAmericangovernmentpaysmuchattentiontoeducationPassage

答案：D指导：文章第一段最后两句介绍KathyMelior(作为20典型例题范教师)将在明年

作为internationalspokeswoinanforeducation,并且总统夫妇于上周在白宫向她表示

敬意，可见政府对教育之重视。

3(典型例题CentralPark

Outsideamongthetrees,watchthewildlife一boththehumanandanimal

varieties.Call(212)360-3465or(212)360-2726fordailyeventsandtours.Central

Parkstretchesfrom59thto110th$ts,andfrom5thAve.toCentralParkWest.

EmpireStateBuilding

Thisisamongthemoststrikingbuildingsinthecity,thenation,eventhe

world.Theobservationdeck(ffi~广)onthe86thfloorisopentothegeneralpublic,

offeringawonderfulviewofthecity.Onthesecondflooryou'11findtheNewYork

Skyride,asimulated(模拟的)helicopterrideoverManhattan.5thAve.at34th

St.,Midiown/(212)736-3100.IntrepidSea-Air-SpaceMuseum

FiveblockswestofTimeSquare,thismuseumhashundredsofair,deep-sea

andspaceexhibits.Walktheflightdeckofthe900-foot-longaircraftcarrier

Intrepid,seedozensofoldandmodemaircraftandridetheIntrepidNavyFlight

Simulator.Pier86,W.46thSt.'and12thAve./(212)245-0072.

MadisonSquareGarden

Ifit'sbig,itprobablyhappensattheGarden.Checkoutsportingevents,

concertsandmuchmore.Toursareavailable.7thAve.,btam.31stand33rd

Sts.,Midtown/(212)465-6741.

1.TheNewYorkSkyrideisfor.

A.sight-seeing

B.flighttraining

C.modelplanesports

D.citytransportation

答案：A指导：从第二则广告第二句可知。

2.Ifavisitorisinterestedinmusic,hewillprobablygoto.

A.CentralPark

B.EmpireStateBuilding

C.IntrepidSea-Air-SpaceMuseum

D.MadisonSquareGarden

答案：D指导：从最后一则广告第二句中的concerts可得出答案。

3.Whatisthepurposeofthesetexts?

A.ToprovideinformationoflivinginNewYork.

B.ToprovidedirectionsofcitytrafficinNewYork.

C.TogivevisitorsaguidetoNewYork.

D.TogiveabriefintroductiontothehistoryofNewYork.

答案：C指导：考生至少知道中央公园、帝国大厦、时代广场中的一处在美国纽约，然后

根据各段落所给的电活号码区号可得出答案。

Passage4（典型例题）

Sometimes,somethingthatisconsideredtobenegativeturnsouttobean

advantageonthejob.Thoughheisonly18yearsoldandblind,SuleymanGokyigk

isamongthetopcomputertechniciansandprogrammersatIntelidataTechnologies

Corp.,alargesoftwarecompanywithseveralofficesacrosstheUnitedStates.

“AfterourcompanyunitedwithanotheronelastOctober,twodifferentcomputer

networksweredrivinguscrazy,“recallsDouglasBraun,theInteliDatapresident.

z，Wecouldn11evensendE-mailtoeachother."InthreeweeksMr.Gokyigitcreated

thesoftwareneededtoconnectthetwonetworks."Noneofthecompany，s350other

employeescouldhavedonethejobinthreemonths”,saysMr.Braun."Suleyman

can'see，intotheheartofthecomputer.

Mr.Gokyigit，sgift,asMr.Brauncallsit,isanunusualabilitytoforman

ideaoftheinsideofamachine."Thecomputerpermitsmetoreachoutintotheworld

anddoalmostanythingIwanttodo,〃saysMr.Gokyigit.

Theyoungprogrammerisathomewithhardwareaswell,thankspartlytoahighly

developedsenseoftouch.MitziNowakows-ki,anofficemanageratInteliData,

remembershowheeasilydisconnectedandreconnectedtheircomputersystemsduring

amovelastyear."Throughfeel,Suleymancanfindthepositionofconnectors,pins

andwiresmuchfasterthanmostotherpeoplewithsight,'hesays.

Muchofthestudentprogrammer'sspeedcomesfromhisabilitynottobe

interruptedwhileatthecomputer.Whentyping,helistenscarefullytothe

synthesizer（合成器）.Hislong,thinfingersflyoverkeyboard."Nothingseemsto

shakehisattention,JsaysMrs.Nowa-kowski,hisboss.

Mr.Gokyigitistheonlycompanyemployeewhoisavailable（可找至的）24hours

aday.〃Weconsiderhimourtopproblemsolver,saysMr.Braun.

1.AccordingtoMr.Braun,Suleyman

A.canworkwondersoncomputer

B.isthebesttechnicianintheworld

C.hasdoneahardjobinthreemonths

D.hasunitedInteliDataTechnologiesCorp,withanothercomputercompany.

答案：A指导：据全文可知，Suleyman在电脑方面有非凡的才能，故选A：其他各项均与

原文有出入。

2.Theunderlinedpart"isathomewithhardwarez/（Paragraph"means.

A.isgoodatdealingwithcomputerhardware

B.isfondofcomputerhardware

C.workswithcomputerhardwareathome

D.feelscomfortablewhenworkingwithcomputerhardware

答案：A指导：此处的〃beathomewithsth.w的意思根据上下文篇应是“擅长解决……

的问题”。

3.Suleymanwasquickwhileatthecomputermostlybecauseof

A.hisblindness

B.hisattentiononthesynthesizer

C.hislong,thinfingers

D.hisabilitynottobeinterrupted

答案：D指导：文中有.speedcomesfromhisabilitynottobeinterruptedwhile

atthecomputer”,这才是他速度快的原因。

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Computertechniciansaremorelikelytobegifted.

B.One，sdisadvantagesmayprovetobeadvantages.

C.Thedisabledcanalsoplayanimportantroleinsociety.

D.Topcomputerscientistshaveunusualabilitiestoformideasofcomputers.

答案：B指导：通常文章的首段首句为主题句。

Passage5（典型例题）

Theyearis2094.Ithasbeenannouncedthatacomet（彗星）isheadingtowards

theEarth.Mostofitwillmissourplanet,buttwopieceswillprobablyhitthe

southernhalfoftheEarth.

On17July,apiecefourkilometreswideenterstheEarth'satmosphere（大

气层）withamassiveexplosion.Abouthalfofthepieceisdestroyed,butthe

remainingparthitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsound.Thesea

boilsandahugeholeismadeintheseabed.Hugewavesarecreatedandspread

outwardsfromthehole.Thewallofwater,akilometrehigh,rushestowardssouthern

Africaat800kilometresan

hour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeople

aredrowned.

BeforethewavesreachSouthAmerica,thesecondpieceofthecometlands

inArgentina.EarthquakesandvolcanoesaresetoffintheAndesMountains.Theshock

wavesmovenorthintoCaliforniaandallaroundthePacificOcean.Thecitiesof

lobAngeles,SanFranciscoandTokyoarecompletelydestroyedbyearthquakes.

Millionsofpeopleinthesouthernhalfoftheeartharealreadydead,butthenorth

won'tescapeforlong.Becauseoftheexplosions,thesunishiddenby,cloudsof

dust,temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.Cropsareruined.Thesun

won'tbeseenagainformanyyears.Warsbreakoutascountriesfightforfood.A

yearlater,nomorethan10millionpeopleremainalive.

Coulditreallyhappen?Infact,ithasalreadyhappenedmorethanoncein

thehistoryoftheEarth.Thedinosaurs（恐龙）wereontheEarthforover160million

years.Then65mil-lionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeared.Manyscientistsbelieve

thattheEarthwashitbyapieceofobjectinspace.Thedinosaurscouldn，tlive

throughthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheydiedout.Willwemeetthesameend?

1.Whatismainlydescribedinthepassage?

A.Ahistoricdiscovery

B.Aneventofimagination

C.Aresearchonspace.

D.Ascientificadventure

答案：B指导：通读全文可知此答案。

2.WhenthefirstpiecehitstheSouthAtlantic,itcauses.

A.anearthquake

B.damagestocities

C.anEarthexplosion

D.hugewaves

答案:D指导:从第二段中间“Theseaboilsandahugeholeismadeintheseabed.Huge

wavesarecreated...”可知。B从第三段中间“Becauseoftheexplosions,thesunis

hiddenbyclouds"dust,temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero”可知。

D从最后三句话可得知此答案。

3.Whycan'tthenorthernhalfofthe'earthescapeforlong?

A.Becausethelandiscoveredwithwater.

B.Becausethelightandheatfromthesuncannotreachtheearth.

C.Becausepeopletherecannotliveatthetemperatureofzero.

D.Becausewarsbreakoutamongcountries.

答案：B指导：从第三段中间“Becauseoftheexplosions,thesunismiddenbycloeds

ofdust,temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero”可知。

4.Bygivingtheexampleofdinosaurstheauthortriestoprove.

A.animalscouldnotliveinthecoldclimate

B.whathappened65millionyearsagowasaninventedstory

C.thehumanbeingswilldieoutin2094

D.theEarthcouldbehitbyotherobjectsinspacePassage

答案：D指导：从最后三句话可得知此答案。

n题点经典类题

i.（典型例题卷）

MountainlionsliveinmountainousareasofthewesternUnitedStates.Lately,

however,peoplehavereportedseeingtheminquietneighborhoodsallacrossthe

country!Usuallyconsideredshyandseldomseen,theselionsarebecomingmore

noticeable.Inaddition,thelionsappeartobemovingeast.Theywereevenreported

inthesuburbs（郊区）ofBoston,Philadelphis,andChicago.

Itseemscertainthatthese〃kingsofthemountains^aremoving.Why?

Scientistsarenotsure.Somethinkthatasthemountainlionpopulationincreases

thewest,youngerwildcatsareleavingthearea.Thesecatsaresearchingfornew

homesandnewplacesforfood.

“Theyoungmalesarelookingfornewhomes,“saysLynnSadler,whois

thedirectoroftheMountainLionFoundationinSacramento,Calif."Peopletend

tocreatetomanybarriers,suchasbuidings,fences,roads,andnoise.

Asthemountainlionsseeknewplacesandfoodandwatersources'（水源），these

barriersgetintheirway.〃

Thesightingshavemadepeopleincreasinglywatchful.Sometimesthez，mountain

lions^thatpeoplereportseeingturnouttobelargedogsorevenhousecats.But

atleastafewofthemeetingshavebeenreal.Thebuildingofnewroads,thegrowing

ofsuburbsandthegrowingpopularityofoutdooractivities