Unit4NaturalDisasters词汇课件-高中英语人教版

Unit4NaturalDisastersWordsandexpressions

listeningandspeakingdisaster/dɪ~ˈzɑːs~tə(r)/tornado/tɔː~ˈneɪ~dəʊ/drought/draʊt/landslide/landfallslide/slaɪd/tsunami/tsuː~ˈnɑː~mi/flood/flʌd/magnitude/ˈmæɡ~nɪ~tjuːd/volcanic/vɒlˈkænɪk/eruption/ɪ~ˈrʌp~ʃ(ə)n/rescue/ˈres~kjuː/damage/ˈdæ~mɪdʒ/destroy/dɪˈs~trɔɪ/evacuate/ɪ~ˈvæ~kju~eɪt/helicopter/ˈhe~lɪ~kɒp~tə(r)/death/deθ/affect/ə~ˈfekt/shelter/ˈʃel~tə(r)/disaster/dɪ~ˈzɑːs~tə(r)/n.

[C]&[U]灾难;不幸;彻底失败的人/事naturaldisaster自然灾害；天灾；自然灾难disasterfilm灾难片；灾害片；灾祸片disaster-proof抗灾防灾；防灾；抗灾disaster-prone易受灾；易受灾害；灾害频繁【单词辨析】灾难disaster

普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。misfortune

普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。calamity/kəˈlæməti/

多指个人的不幸，比disaster严重，强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。catastrophe/kəˈtæstrəfi/

语气最强，指可怕的灾难，强调最终的结局。WatchthevideoNaturalDisasters.Focusonthenamesoftheshowndisasters.；flood/flʌd/drought/draʊt/earthquakelandslide/ˈlændslaɪd/hurricane/ˈhʌrɪkən/tornado/tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/tsunami/tsuːˈnɑːmi/wildfirevolcaniceruptiontyphoon/taɪˈfuːn/drought/draʊt/n.

旱灾；久旱dry/draɪ/adj.干的；干旱的v.（使）变干slide/slaɪd/-slid-slid/slɪd/①vi&vt(使)滑行;(使)滑动②vi&vt(使)悄悄移到;(使)悄悄移动（~into偷偷地溜进）

①n.滑(动);滑道;滑梯;衰落ontheslide每况愈下landslide(=landfall)[C]山地或悬崖的崩塌;滑坡snowslidemudslide②n.幻灯片floodn.①[C]&[U]洪水;水灾②[C]大批;大量:afloodof...大量的...e.g.More

than

70

people

were

killed

in

the

floods.

70多人因洪灾丧生。v.①vi&vt(被)淹没;(使)泛滥②vi(洪水般地)涌进(=pour)floodin涌入e.g.Telephonecallsfloodedinfromalloverthecountry.全国各地的像潮水般打来。【同根词】floodedadj洪水泛滥的floodingn[U]水灾;洪水泛滥volcano/vɒl~ˈkeɪ~nəʊ/n.(pl-s/es)火山volcaniceruption火山爆发/vɒl~ˈkæ~nɪkɪ~ˈrʌp~ʃ(ə)n/Thisactivevolcano

mayerupt/ɪ~ˈrʌpt/atanytime.dormantvolcanoextinctvolcanovi.(火山、喷泉等)喷发;(战争、感情等)爆发;突然发生【近义词】outbreakblowupmagnitude/ˈmæɡ~nɪ~tjuːd/n.1.thesizeofanearthquake震级；2.thegreatsizeorimportanceofsth巨大；重大Wedidnotrealizethemagnitudeoftheproblem.Astrong8.2-magnitudeearthquakehashitthenorthwestcoastofChile,killingatleastsixpeopleandsettingoffasmalltsunami.magnificent/mæɡˈnɪfɪs(ə)nt/adj.宏伟的，壮丽的

evacuate/ɪ~ˈvæ~kju~eɪt/vt.(把人从危险的地方)疏散；撤出vi.(从危险的地方)撤离withdrawbeataretreat

theemergencyevacuation紧急疏散

/ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi//ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/第三人称单数：evacuates过去式：evacuated现在分词：evacuating过去分词：evacuatedhelicopter/ˈhe~lɪ~kɒp~tə(r)/n.直升机v.用直升机运送；乘直升机飞至（某地）death/deθ/n.

死，死亡[OPP.birthn.出生]die(of/from)死于dying临终的，垂死的deadadj.死亡的；n.死者；adv.完全地deadly致命的；非常的；死一般的

...todeath=extremely=verymuch

tothedeath至死；到底；永远deathly致命的deathless不死的，不灭的deathlike像死人的；死了一样的⁠⁠rescue/ˈreskjuː/n.&

vt.营救;救援【教材原句】Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood-hitarea救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾区做什么(1)cometoone’srescue(n.)＝rescue(vt.)sb

救援某人rescueworkers

救援人员(2)rescue...from...

把……从……营救出来单句语法填空①Thosetravellersweretrappedinthemountain,waitingto

berescued

⁠

(rescue).

②Thefirefightersrescuedfivechildren

from

⁠theburninghouseyesterday.词汇升级③Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierssaved

us.→Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldiers

rescuedus/cametoourrescue

⁠.

berescued

from

rescuedus/cametoourrescue

【单词辨析】营救；拯救；搭救save

含义广泛，既可指营救某人使脱离危险，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。rescue

多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险。⁠damage/ˈdæ~mɪdʒ/

vt.损害;破坏

n.损坏;损失【教材原句】WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul(1)cause/dodamageto...

对……造成损害payforthedamage

赔偿损失sufferdamage

遭受损失(2)damageone’shealth

损害某人的健康在首尔,哪些建筑被毁了doharmtobeharmfultobebadfor第三人称单数：damages过去式：damaged现在分词：damaging过去分词：damaged一句多译众所周知,吸烟会损害我们的健康。→Itiswell-knownthatsmokingcan

damageourhealth

⁠.(damagevt.)

→Asweallknow,smokingcan

do/causedamagetoourhealth

⁠.(damagen.)

→Itiscommonknowledgethatsmokingcan

doharmtoourhealth

⁠.(harmn.)

damageourhealth

do/causedamagetoourhealth

doharmtoourhealth

destroy/dɪˈs~trɔɪ/vt.摧毁；毁灭destroyable/dɪ~ˈstrɒɪ~əbl/adj.可毁灭的destroyer/dɪˈstrɔɪ~ə(r)/n.破坏者destruction/dɪ~ˈstrʌk~ʃ(ə)n/n.破坏indestructible/ˌɪn~dɪ~ˈstrʌk~təbl/adj.不可摧毁的destructive/dɪ~ˈstrʌk~tɪv/adj.破坏性的第三人称单数：destroys过去式：destroyed现在分词：destroying过去分词：destroyed【辨析】damage部分损坏，可以修复。destroy彻底的毁坏，很难修复。ruin毁坏美好的事物，不能恢复。语气比spoil稍强。spoil与ruin同义，语气不如ruin强;还有“宠坏”、“溺爱”之意。⁠affect

/ə~ˈfekt/

vt.影响(influence);(疾病)侵袭;深深打动affectsb/sth

影响某人/某事bedeeplyaffected

by

被……深深打动beaffectedwith＋疾病

患有……疾病【练透】语境辨义①Abadhomeenvironmentcanaffectachild’shealthygrowth.

影响⁠②Theaudienceweredeeplyaffectedbythemovingstory.

深深打动

影响

深深打动

③We

weredeeplyaffectedby

⁠thelittleboy’sexperience,sowedecidedtohelphim.

那个小男孩的经历深深地感动了我们,因此我们决定帮助他。weredeeplyaffectedby

【写美】完成句子第三人称单数：affects过去式：affected现在分词：affecting过去分词：affected复数形式：affectsaffect/ə~ˈfekt/v.影响(influence)；（疾病）侵袭；（在感情上）深深打动n.情感(emotion,will,sensibility)affected受影响的；做作的，不自然的(unaffected)affective情感的；表达感情的effective/ɪ~ˈfek~tɪv/adj.产生预期结果的;有效的effect/ɪ~ˈfekt/

n.影响;结果;效果⁠effect/ɪ~ˈfekt/

n.影响;结果(result);效果Itremainstobeseenwhetherthemedicinehasside

effects.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleornoeffect.Theaspirinssoontakeeffect.Newcontrolscomeintoeffectnextmonth.Therecommendationswillsoonbeputintoeffect.

sideeffect副作用to/withnoeffect毫无效果；毫无成效takeeffect见效comeintoeffect

生效bring/putsthintoeffect使生效haveaneffecton/upon

对……产生影响long-termeffects引人注目的影响personaleffects/belongings个人财产

三维P109单句语法填空①Themeasurestakenbythelocalgovernmentwillcome

into

⁠effectnextmonth.②Inordertofindmore

effective

⁠

(effect)waystoprotecttheenvironment,wecalledonthegovernmenttoputthelaw

into

⁠effect.完成句子③Thereisnodoubtthatreadingbookscan

haveapositiveeffectonthechildren

⁠.

毫无疑问,读书会对儿童产生积极的影响。effective

into

haveapositiveeffectonthechildren

into

生效使生效shelter

/ˈʃel~tə(r)/【教材原句】Shelters

setupbythegovernment政府建立的避难所(1)takeshelterfrom...

躲避……ashelterfor...

……的庇护所undertheshelterof...

在……的庇护下food,clothing,shelterandtransportation

衣食住行(2)shelter...from...保护……不受……【佳句】Remembernottotake

shelter

fromastormbyatallorbigtree.记住不要在高大的树下躲避暴风雨。

vt.保护;掩蔽(secure;preserve;protect)

vi.躲避(（stayawayfrom风雨或危险)n.避难处;居所;庇护(housing;shadow;covering)第三人称单数：shelters过去式：sheltered现在分词：sheltering过去分词：sheltered复数形式：shelters①Wesatintheshade,

sheltering

⁠

(shelter)fromthesun.【写美】完成句子②Therescueteamshelped

setupsheltersfor

⁠homelesswomenandchildren.

救援队帮助无家可归的妇女和儿童建立了庇护所。sheltering

单句语法填空setupsheltersfor

listeningandspeakingdisaster/dɪ~ˈzɑːs~tə(r)/tornado/tɔː~ˈneɪ~dəʊ/drought/draʊt/landslide/landfallslide/slaɪd/tsunami/tsuː~ˈnɑː~mi/flood/flʌd/magnitude/ˈmæɡ~nɪ~tjuːd/volcanic/vɒlˈkænɪk/eruption/ɪ~ˈrʌp~ʃ(ə)n/rescue/ˈres~kjuː/damage/ˈdæ~mɪdʒ/destroy/dɪˈs~trɔɪ/evacuate/ɪ~ˈvæ~kju~eɪt/helicopter/ˈhe~lɪ~kɒp~tə(r)/death/deθ/affect/ə~ˈfekt/shelter/ˈʃel~tə(r)/1.disaster2.tornado3.dry-drought4.landslide/landfall5.tsunami6.slide(into)/ontheslide7.flood(afloodof/~in)-flooding-flooded(adj.):flood-hit8.magnitude(n.)-magnificent(adj.)9.shelter(from/for给谁的/of=one’s)9.volcano(n.)-volcanic(adj.)10.erupt(v.)-eruption(n.)11.rescue(~worker/~from)12.damage13.helicopter14.destroy(v.)-destroyable(adj.)-destroyer(n.)destruction(n.)-indestructible(adj.)-destructive(adj.)15.evacuate(~from)-evacuation(n.)16.die(of/from)-dying/dead(adj.)-death(n.):deathly/deathless/deathlike17.*affect(v.)/ə~ˈfekt/-affected(adj.)受影响的；做作的（unaffected真诚的，不做作的）-affective（adj.)情感的18.*effect(n.)/ɪ~ˈfekt/-effective(adj.)有效的：生效；使生效（into）Readingandthinkingcrack/kræk/gas/ɡæs/asifruin/ˈruː~ɪn/inruinspercent/pə~ˈsent/brick/brɪk/metal/ˈme~t(ə)l/shock/ʃɒk/inshockelectricity/ɪ~ˌlek~ˈtrɪ~sə~ti/trap/træp/bury/ˈbe~ri/breathe/briːð/revive/rɪ~ˈvaɪv/revival/rɪ~ˈvaɪ~v(ə)l/effort/ˈe~fət/unify/ˈjuː~nɪ~faɪ/wisdom/ˈwɪz~dəm/context/ˈkɒn~tekst/suffer/ˈsʌ~fə(r)/⁠【教材原句】Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分钟的时间里,一座大城市沦为废墟。(1)fallinto/gotoruin灭亡;荒废;衰落be/lieinruins(n.)

成为废墟;毁灭(2)ruin(vt.)one’shope/health/plan破坏某人的希望/健康/计划【佳句】Whenwereachedthedestination,wesawanoldtemple

lyingin

ruins.当我们到达目的地时,我们看到了一座成为废墟的古庙。⁠ruin/ˈruː~ɪn/

n.[U]&

vt.破坏;毁坏[pl-s]残垣断壁；废墟ruinedadj[只用于名词前]毁坏了的;严重受损的①Heavysmoking

ruinsyourhealth

⁠,soyou’dbetter

giveupsmoking.

吸烟过量损害你的健康,因此你最好戒烟。②

Thewholecitylayinruins

⁠aftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.

地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜难眠。ruinsyourhealth

Thewholecitylayinruins

完成句子⁠shock/ʃɒk/

n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克

vt.(使)震惊【教材原句】

Peoplewereinshock

—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.(1)agreatshocktosb

对某人来说是极大的震惊toone’sshock

令某人震惊的是inshock

震惊;吃惊(2)shocked

adj.

震惊的;惊讶的beshockedat/by

对……吃惊beshockedtodosth

震惊地做某事人们惊恐万状,接着临近傍晚时分,又一场强烈的地震撼动唐山。(3)shocking

adj.

令人震惊的第三人称单数：shocks过去式：shocked现在分词：shocking过去分词：shocked复数形式：shocks单句语法填空①Janewasshocked

tofind

⁠

(find)thatshewaslostintheforestandshecouldn’thelpcrying.

②Thenewsofhissuddendeathisso

shocking

⁠

thateveryoneisgreatly

shocked

⁠atit.(shock)③Hearingthestoryhermomtoldher,sheworea

shocked

⁠

(shock)expression.完成句子④Whenhefinallycametohimself,he

lookedatusinshock

⁠,

knowingnothingabouttheaccident.

当他终于苏醒过来时,他震惊地看着我们,对事故一无所知。tofind

shocking

shocked

shocked

lookedatusinshock

⁠bury/ˈberi/

vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心【教材原句】

Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtobury

thedead.地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。beburiedunder/in...被埋在……(1)buryone’sface/headinone’shands

双手掩面/捂头

②It’stimeto

buryourdifferencesandbefriendsagain.是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。【专心】beabsorbedin；keepone'smindon；devoteoneselfto;withallone'smind单句语法填空

①

Buried

⁠

(bury)inhisstudy,hedidn’tnoticethathisclassmateshadleft.②Nowadaysfamilymembersareoftenfound

buried

⁠

(bury)intheirownsmartphones.Buried

buried

句式升级③Shewasburiedinherstudy.Attheendofthetermshemadegreatprogress.→

Buriedinherstudy

⁠,shemadegreatprogressattheendoftheterm.

→

Buryingherselfinherstudy

⁠,shemadegreatprogressattheendoftheterm.

Buriedinherstudy

Buryingherselfinherstudy

⁠effort/ˈefət/

n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力【教材原句】

Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力,一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。witheffort

费力地makeanefforttodosth

努力做某事sparenoeffort(s)

(todosth)

不遗余力(做某事)inaneffortto企图（努力想）；试图要effortlessadj不需费力的effortlesslyadv.轻松地；毫不费劲地①Iwill

makeeveryefforttohelp

⁠thosestudentswhoareintrouble.

我将尽全力帮助那些处在困境中的同学。②Thegovernmentisdeterminedto

sparenoeffort(s)tobuildsheltersfor

⁠homelesspeople.

政府决定不遗余力地为无家可归者修建收容所。

makeeveryefforttohelp

sparenoeffort(s)tobuild

完成句子sheltersfor

⁠suffer/ˈsʌ~fə(r)/

vt.遭受;蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦【教材原句】Somewerefoundalive,thoughtheyweresufferingfromterribleinjuries...一些人被发现还活着,尽管他们受了重伤……(1)suffer（vi.）

from...患……病;【间接】因……而受苦(2)suffer(vt.)losses/pains

遭受损失/痛苦【直接】(3)suffering

n.①[U](身体或精神上)疼痛;痛苦②[常用复数]苦难;折磨sufferer

n.受难者【佳句】It’scommonknowledgethataswegetolder,wearesuffering

fromlossofmemory.众所周知,随着年龄的增长,我们会遭受记忆力减退的困扰。①Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromsomecancer

sufferers

⁠

(suffer).②Herlawyerssaysheshouldbecompensated（/ˈkɒmpenseɪt/补偿）forthe

suffering

⁠

(suffer)shehadbeencaused.完成句子③Itisobviousthatourearthis

sufferingseriousdamage

⁠.

很明显,我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。sufferers

suffering

单句语法填空sufferingseriousdamage

⁠trap/træp/

vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套

n.险境;陷阱trapsbinto(doing)sth

诱使某人(做)某事betrapped

in

困在……中;陷在……中单句语法填空①Hetrappedme

into

⁠cheatingintheimportantexamination.②Therescueteam

weretrapped

⁠

(trap)intheburningbuilding.

into

weretrapped

过去式：trapped现在分词：trapping过去分词：trapped⁠breathe

/briːð/vi.&vt.呼吸

breathein/out

吸气/呼气(2)breath/breθ/n.

呼气;呼吸

takeadeepbreath深呼吸outofbreath上气不接下气abreathofair/wind/suspicion(3)breathless/ˈbreθləs/adj.

气喘吁吁的①Peoplebreathemoreslowlywhentheyareasleep.人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢。②Hersmileisabreathoffreshairinthisgloomy/ˈɡluːmi/office.她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气。【练透】单句语法填空/完成句子①Themorningairinthequietvillageisgood

tobreathe

⁠

(breath).

②Takeadeepbreathandthen

breatheout

⁠whenItellyouto.

深吸一口气,我告诉你时再呼气。tobreathe

breatheout

crack/kræk/n.(pl-s)裂纹；裂缝vi./vt.（使）破裂(fracture/ˈfræktʃə(r)/)cracked

adj.破裂的；声音嘶哑的；精神失常的crackingadj.优秀的；出色的；极好的；顶呱呱的(excellent)

adv.极其，非常(extremely)【教材原句】Thereweredeepcracksthatapppearedinthewellwalls.井壁上出现了很深的裂缝。gas/ɡæs/n.气体；燃气；汽油(NmA.petrol;gasoline)gasstation加油站naturalgas天然气天然煤气greenhousegas温室气体至少有一口井里冒出了一些难闻的气体。【教材原句】Atleasetonewellhadsomesmelly难闻的，有臭味的

gascomingoutofit.percent/pə~ˈsent/n.

[亦作percent,单复数相同]百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中【教材原句】About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.市内大约75%的工厂和大楼,90%的住所和所有的医院都倒塌了。【注意】“percentof+名词/代词”作主语，名词/代词为复数时，谓语动词用复数;名词为不可数名词或代词为单数时，谓语动词用单数。brick/brɪk/n.

（pl-s）砖，砖块【教材原句】Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面,但是却没有风能将其吹走。metal/ˈme~t(ə)l/n.（U）金属【教材原句】Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.铁轨变成了废金属块apieceofmetal一块金属electricity/ɪ~ˌlek~ˈtrɪ~sə~ti/n.电；电能；强烈感情electric/ɪˈlektrɪk/电动的；发电的；导电的；令人震惊的electrical/ɪˈlektrɪk(ə)l/有关电的；电气科学的electronic/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/adj.电子的，电子学的更多的楼房倒塌了,水、食物和电很难获得。【教材原句】Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.revive/rɪ~ˈvaɪv/(comebacktolifeagain)vt.&vi.苏醒；使复活revival/rɪ~ˈvaɪ~v(ə)l/n.振兴；复苏【教材原句】Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。unified

adj.

统一的unification/ˌjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/n.联合，统一【教材原句】TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.unify/ˈjuː~nɪ~faɪ/vi.&vt.统一；使成为一体wisdom/ˈwɪz~dəm/n.[U]

智慧，才智wiseadj.明智的；聪明的；博学的wisdomtooth智齿；智牙insomeone'swisdom凭某人的精明；自作聪明唐山市向中国和世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结一致，展示智慧，保持积极的态度，重建美好的未来。context/ˈkɒn~tekst/n.背景，环境；上下文，语境(circumstance;setting)【教材原句】Ifyoucontinuereading,thecontextwillprobablyhelpyouunderstandwhatitmeans.如果你继续读下去，上下文可能会帮助你理解它的意思。inthecontextof在…情况下；在…背景下inthiscontext关于这点；就此而论；在这个背景下outofcontext断章取义；脱离上下文culturalcontext文化环境，文化脉络socialcontext社会背景重点句型解构P97-98⁠句型公式:too＋形容词＋to

...太……而不能……【教材原句】

Chickens

and

even

pigs

were

too

nervous

to

eat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安,不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。(1)“too＋形容词/副词

(forsb)todosth”意为“太……而不能做某事”,表示否定意义。(2)“onlytoo＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxioustodosth”表示肯定意义。【品悟】①Astheoldsayinggoes,“It’snevertoolatetolearn.”正如谚语所说:“活到老,学到老。”完成句子/句型转换①Theproblem

istoodifficultformetosettle

⁠.

这个问题太难了,我解决不了。②

Iamonlytoopleased

⁠tohelpyouwithyourapplicationletter.

我很高兴能帮你完成申请信。③IwassoyoungthatIcouldn’tunderstandthemeaningofthefilm.→

Iwastooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.

⁠

istoodif