航空基础英语课件

AviationBasicEnglish航空基础英语2353715248航空基础英语ModuleITerminologyProjectIAviationTerms

Unit1Aircraft’sTypeUnit2Aircraft’sStructureUnit3Aircraft’sSystem

航空基础英语1.Avehiclewhichcanflyisclassifiedasfollows:aircraft飞行器lighter-than-airaircraft

轻于空气的飞行器balloon气球airship飞船航空基础英语(2)rotorcraft旋翼式飞行器helicopter直升机gyroplane旋翼机(3)glider滑翔机(4)airplane飞机航空基础英语2.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtothetypesofaircraft’sengine.(1)propeller-drivenaircraft螺旋桨式飞机pistonpropeller-drivenaircraft

活塞螺旋桨式飞机航空基础英语turbopropaircraft涡轮螺旋桨式飞机(2)jetaircraft喷气式飞机turbojetaircraft涡轮喷气式飞机turbofanjetaircraft涡轮风扇喷气式飞机航空基础英语3.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtotheaircraft’sflightvelocity.(1)supersonicaircraft超音速飞机Supersonicaircrafttravelsfasterthanthespeedofsound.(2)hypersonicaircraft高超音速飞机Hypersonicaircrafttravelsmuchfasterthanthespeedofsound.航空基础英语(3)transonicaircraft跨音速飞机Transonicaircrafttravelsapproximatelyequaltothespeedofsound.(4)subsonicaircraft亚音速飞机Subsonicaircrafttravelsslowerthanthespeedofsoundbutalsoveryfast.航空基础英语4.An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

aircraft’s

air

range.

(1)

short-range

aircraft

/

short-haul

aircraft

近程飞机

The

air

range

is

shorter

than

2400

kilometers.(2)medium-haulaircraft中程飞机

Theairrangeislongerthan2400kilometersbutshorterthan4800kilometers.(3)long-rangeaircraft/long-haulaircraft远程飞机

Theairrangeislongerthan4800kilometers.航空基础英语5.An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

types

of

landing

gears.

(1)

landplane

陆上飞机

A

landplane

is

an

airplane

that

can

take

off

from

or

land

on

land.

(2)

seaplane

/

hydroplane

水上飞机

A

seaplane

or

hydroplane

is

a

type

of

airplane

that

can

take

off

from

or

land

on

water.

(3)

amphibian

[æm'fɪbɪən]水陆两用飞机

An

amphibian

is

an

airplane

which

can

land

on

both

land

and

water.航空基础英语6.An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

number

of

wings.

(1)

monoplane

单翼飞机

A

monoplane

is

an

airplane

with

a

single

pair

of

wings.

(2)

biplane

双翼飞机

A

biplane

is

anold-fashioned

type

of

airplane

with

two

pairs

of

wings,one

above

the

other.

(3)

multiplane

多翼飞机

A

multiplane

is

an

airplane

with

more

than

two

pairs

of

wings,say,three

or

four

pairs.航空基础英语7.

An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

positions

of

the

wing

relative

to

the

fuselage.

(1)

low

wing

airplane

下单翼飞机

A

low

wing

airplane

is

an

airplane

whose

wing

is

below

the

cabin.

(2)

mid

wing

airplane

中单翼飞机

A

mid

wing

airplane

is

an

airplane

whose

wing

is

anywhere

between

the

fuselage.(3)highwingairplane上单翼飞机

Ahighwingairplaneisanairplanewhosewingisabovethecabin.航空基础英语8.

An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

its

mission.

(1)

military

aircraft

军用飞机

(2)

civil

aircraft

民用机

航空基础英语ModuleITerminologyProjectIAviationTermsUnit1Aircraft’sType

Unit2Aircraft’sStructureUnit3Aircraft’sSystem航空基础英语1.Airframe(1)fuselage机身Thefuselage(orbody)oftheairplaneholdsallofthepartstogetherandcarriesthepassengersorcargo.(2)wing/airfoil机翼Thewingsgeneratemostoftheliftnecessaryforflight.航空基础英语<1>aileron副翼Aileronsarepartsofthewingwhichareusedtorolltheaircraft.Atthetrailingedge,it’sanaileron.<2>leadingedgeslat前缘缝翼<3>trailingedgeflap后缘襟翼Flapsandslatsarepartsofthewingwhichareusedduringtakeoffandlandingtoincreaseliftanddrag.航空基础英语<4>spoiler扰流板Spoilersarepartsofthewingwhichareusedtorolltheaircraftandtodecreaseliftandincreasedragduringlandings.Betweentheleadingandtrailingedges,it’saspoiler.(3)empennage/thetailassembly尾翼<1>verticalstabilizer垂直安定面、垂直尾翼航空基础英语<2>rudder方向舵Arudderisacontrolsurfaceconnectedtotheverticalstabilizerandisusedtoyawtheaircraft.<3>horizontalstabilizer水平安定面、水平尾翼<4>elevator升降舵Elevatorsarecontrolsurfacesconnectedtothehorizontalstabilizerandareusedtopitchtheaircraft.<5>stabilator全动式水平尾翼Stabilatorsarecontrolsurfaceswhichprovidebothhorizontalstabilityandpitchcontrolfortheaircraft.航空基础英语(4)landinggear/undercarriage起落架Airplanesrequirelandinggearfortaxiing,takeoffandlanding.(5)powerplant动力装置Mostmodernaircraftarepoweredbygasturbine,orjetengines.航空基础英语航空基础英语航空基础英语2.FourForcesontheAircraft(1)lift升力，浮力Liftisamechanicalforcegeneratedbyasolidobjectmovingthroughafluid.(2)gravity/weight重力Weightisaforcethatisalwaysdirectedtowardthecenteroftheearth.航空基础英语(3)thrust推力，拉力Thrustisamechanicalforcegeneratedbytheenginestomovetheaircraftthroughtheair.(4)drag阻力Dragisamechanicalforcegeneratedbyasolidobjectmovingthroughafluid.航空基础英语航空基础英语3.FuselageConstructioncabin/passengercabin客舱cargo/cargocompartment货舱cockpit/flightcompartment驾驶舱bulkhead隔板former隔框wingattachmentpoints机翼安装处firewall防火墙stringer长桁stressedskin耐压蒙皮semi-monocoque半硬壳式结构航空基础英语航空基础英语4.WingComponentswingtip翼梢rib翼肋spar翼梁fueltank油箱stringer长桁skin蒙皮aileron副翼航空基础英语航空基础英语5.EmpennageComponentsverticalstabilizer垂直安定面rudder方向舵horizontalstabilizer水平安定面elevator升降舵stabilator全动式水平尾翼trimtab配平调整片航空基础英语航空基础英语6.LandingGearComponentsnoselandinggear前起落架mainlandinggear主起落架wheel(起落架)轮conventionallandinggear传统起落架tailwheel机尾(起落架)轮tricyclelandinggear三轮式起落架nosewheel机头(起落架)轮航空基础英语航空基础英语7.PowerPlantCompartmentengine发动机，引擎propeller螺旋桨cowling['kaʊlɪŋ]引擎罩，整流罩firewall防火墙航空基础英语8.Fastener紧固件structuraljoint结构缝shank轴cotter开口销washer垫圈hinge铰链wrench扳钳bearing轴承bolt螺栓，螺钉rivet铆钉swage接头锁紧螺母nut螺母，螺帽pin销钉screw螺丝航空基础英语9.Implement工具millingmachine铣床boringmachine镗床punchingmachine冲床turningmachine车床sawingmachine锯床routingmachine特形铣床航空基础英语ModuleITerminologyProjectIAviationTermsUnit1Aircraft’sTypeUnit2Aircraft’sStructureUnit3Aircraft’sSystem航空基础英语Aircraft’sSystem航空基础英语1.HydraulicSystem液压系统Amongtheunitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystemsarelandinggear,wingflaps,speedandwheelbrakes,fixed-wingandrotary-wingfoldingmechanismsandflightcontrolsurfaces.航空基础英语Therearethreetypesofhydraulicfluidscurrentlybeingusedincivilaircraft：

Thephosphateesterbasefluidsareusedinhighperformancepistonenginesandturbopropaircraft.航空基础英语reservoir液压油箱filter过滤器accumulator蓄压器checkvalve单向阀handpump手动泵power-drivenpump动力驱动泵pressureregulator压力调节器pressuregage压力表reliefvalve减压阀，安全阀actuatingunit动力传动装置piston活塞cylinder汽缸actuatingcylinder作动筒Abasichydraulicsystemincludes:航空基础英语1.reservoir2.power-drivenpump3.filter4.pressureregulator5.accumulator6.checkvalve7.handpump8.pressuregage9.reliefvalve10.actuatingunit11.cylinder航空基础英语2.FuelSystem燃油系统Theaircraftfuelsystemstoresfuelanddeliverstheproperamountofcleanfuelattherightpressuretomeetthedemandsoftheengine.Awelldesignedfuelsystemensurespositiveandreliablefuelflowthroughoutallphasesofflight,whichincludechangesinattitude,violentmaneuversandsuddenaccelerationanddeceleration.航空基础英语Theindicatorssuchasfuelpressuregages,warningsignalsandtankquantitygagesareprovidedtogivecontinuousindicationsofhowthesystemisfunctioning.

Gasoline（汽油）andkerosene（煤油）

arethetwomostwidelyusedaviationfuels（航空燃料）.航空基础英语Twotypesofjetturbineengine（涡轮喷气发动机）fuelincommonusetodayare:

kerosenegradeturbinefuel煤油涡轮燃料ablendofgasolineandkerosenefractions汽煤混合馏分燃料航空基础英语Theintegralfueltank（整体油箱）inajetairlinerhas：fueltank油箱maintank主油箱reservetank/auxiliarytank储备油箱centertank中央油箱trimtank重心调整油箱ventsurgetank通风(防震动)油箱horizontalstabilizertank(onsomeaircraft)航空基础英语航空基础英语Twotypesoffuelfeedsystemareusedtosupplythefueltotheengines.Theyare:gravityfeedsystem

重力式供给系统pressurefeedsystem压力式供给系统Thegravityfeedsystemisthesimplesttypewhichisstillinuseonmanylow-poweredairplane,whilethepressurefeedsystemismuchcomplexinconstructionandoperation.航空基础英语manifoldcross-feedsystem总管交输系统firewallshut-offvalve防火墙关断活门tank油箱filter过滤器manifoldvalve总管阀auxiliarytank储备油箱fuelmanifold燃油总管refuelingreceptacle燃油加注接头booster/boostpump增压泵tankshut-offvalve油箱关断活门engine-drivenfuelpump发动机驱动燃油泵航空基础英语航空基础英语3.FlightControlSystem飞行操纵系统Flightcontrolistheactiontakentomaketheaircraftfollowanydesiredflightpath.Whenanaircraftissaidtobecontrollable,itmeansthattheaircraftrespondseasilyandpromptlytothemovementofthecontrols.Movingthecontrolsurfacesonanaircraftchangestheairflowovertheaircraft’ssurface.航空基础英语Theflightcontrolsurfacesarehingedormovableairfoilsdesignedtochangetheattitudeoftheaircraftduringflight.Thesesurfacesmaybedividedintothreegroups,usuallyreferredtoastheprimarygroupandauxiliarygroup.航空基础英语Theprimarygroupincludestheailerons,elevatorsandrudder.Theyareusedformovingtheaircraftaboutitsthreeaxes.Theaileronsandelevatorsaregenerallyoperatedfromthecockpitbyacontrolstickonsingle-engineaircraftandbyawheelandyokeassemblyonmulti-engineaircraft.Therudderisoperatedbyfootpedalsonalltypesofaircraft.航空基础英语Theauxiliarygroupincludesspoilers,speedbrakes,slatsandflaps.Theauxiliarygroupmaybedividedintotwosub-groups:theliftaugmentingdevicesandtheliftdecreasingdevices.Theliftaugmentingdevicesaretrailingedgeflapsandleadingedgeslats.Theliftdecreasingdevicesarespeedbrakesandspoilers.航空基础英语Theflightcontrolsystemsmaybedividedintotwomajorparts:theprimarycontrolsystemsandtheauxiliarycontrolsystems.Theprimarycontrolsystemsareusedtocontroltheprimarygroupofcontrolsurfaces,whiletheauxiliarycontrolsystemsareusedtocontroltheauxiliarygroupsofcontrolsurfaces.航空基础英语(1)controlsurface操纵面<1>primarycontrolsurface主操纵面aileron副翼rudder方向舵elevator升降舵<2>auxiliarycontrolsurface辅助操纵面trim调整片flap襟翼speedbrake减速板horizontalstabilizer水平安定面航空基础英语(2)primarycontrolsystem主操纵系统(3)auxiliarycontrolsystem辅助操纵系统(4)controlstick操纵杆(5)footpedal脚蹬(6)controlcolumn驾驶杆(7)controlwheel驾驶盘(8)push-pullrod推拉杆航空基础英语Differentcontrolsurfacesareusedtocontroltheaircraftabouteachofthethreeaxes.(1)verticalaxis/yawaxis垂直轴yaw偏航Thenoseoftheaircraftswingsfromsidetoside.(2)lateralaxis/pitchaxis横轴pitch俯仰Thenoseoftheaircraftmovesupanddown.(3)longitudinalaxis/rollaxis纵轴roll滚转Thewingsoftheaircraftmoveupanddown.航空基础英语航空基础英语4.LandingGearSystem起落架系统Thelandinggearofafixed-wingaircraftconsistsofmainandauxiliaryunits,eitherofwhichmayormaynotberetractable.Theauxiliarylandinggearconsistsoftailornosewheelinstallations,outboardpontoons（浮筒）,skids（刹车）,etc.,withnecessarycowlingandreinforcement.航空基础英语Themainlandinggearformstheprinciplesupportoftheaircraftonlandorwaterandmayincludeanycombinationofwheels,floats,skids,shock-absorbingequipment,brakes,retractingmechanismwithcontrolsandwarningdevices,cowling,fairing（整流罩）andstructuralmembersnecessarytoattachanyoftheforegoingtotheprimarystructure.航空基础英语inboardretractingmaingear

向内收起式主起落架forwardretractingnosegear

向前收起式前起落架tailwheelgear后三点式起落架tricyclegear前三点式起落架landinggearbay起落架舱landingstrut起落架支柱航空基础英语gearretraction起落架收起handc