Unit1WishYouwereHereExtendedreadingProjectFurtherstudy重点词汇学案-高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

SectionⅢExtendedreading&Project&Furtherstudy重点词汇梳理1.expandvt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述(1)expandto 扩展到……expandintosth. 扩展成……expandonsth. 进一步阐述，详谈，充分叙述(2)expansionn.(尺寸、范围、数量等的)扩大；增加；(公司、企业等的)扩张；详述；展开；扩充❶Intenyearsthecity'spopulationhasexpandedby12%.十年之中，该市人口增加了12%。❷AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富，海伦问的问题越来越多。❸We'veexpandedthebusinessbyopeningtwomorestores.我们增开了两家商店以扩展业务。❹Allthedetailsareinthebook，andIneednotexpandonit.情节都在书上呢，我无须详述。❺Heatcausestheexpansionofgases.热使气体膨胀。❻Thisbookisanexpansionoftheplayhewrotebefore.这本书是他以前写的剧本的扩充。词语辨析：expand与spread(1)expand指扩大面积或体积，也指把合拢的东西放开(即三维)Thiscountyhasexpandeditsareaundercultivationbymorethan50，000mu.该县增加了50000多亩耕地。(2)spread指向四面八方扩大范围。Firespreadrapidlyafterachemicaltruckexploded.一辆装有化学品的卡车爆炸后火势迅速蔓延开来。即学即练单句语法填空①Thesocietyexpanded____________aworldwideorganization.②Thetownhasnowexpanded____________twiceitsoriginalsize.③Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,____________(expand)theirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.④Inhislecturetheteacherexpanded____________theusesoftheEnglishsubjunctivemood.⑤Thefuture____________(expand)ofthebusinesscallsfortwonewfactories.2.multipleadj.数量多的，多样的(1)multipleformats 多种格式multiplechallenges 多重挑战multiplemodels 多型号multiplechoicequestions 多项选择题(2)multiplyvi.&vt. 乘，增加multiply...by 以……乘multiplyfivebythree 三乘以五❶Thechildrenshouldbetrainedtohavemultipleinterests.应该培养孩子们有多方面的兴趣。❷Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.在一个温度上升了3摄氏度的世界里，它(模型)发现海洋的颜色会发生多重变化。❸Whatdoyougetifyoumultiplysixbynine？6乘以9等于多少？联想拓展：“加减乘除”表示法：addv．加；增加plusprep.加(上)subtractv．减；减去minusprep.减(去)timesprep.乘以dividev．除；(使)相除2＋2＝4Twoplus/addedtotwoisfour.4－2＝2Fourminustwoistwo.Twosubtractedfromfouristwo.2×2＝4Twotimes/multipliedbytwoisfour.4÷2＝2Fourdividedbytwoistwo.即学即练完成句子①Thegovernmentperformedpetentlyinthefaceof______________________________(多重挑战).②Thisdigitalaudioplayersupports________________________(多种格式).③The________________________(多项选择题)mustbeansweredwithinastricttimelimit.3.plainadj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的n．平原(1)beplainwithsb. 对某人直言不讳beplainaboutsth. 对某事直言不讳Itisquiteplainthat... ……是很明显的(2)plainlyadv. 朴素地；清晰地，明显地；直截了当地❶Iwillbeplainwithyouandtellyouthetruth.我跟你开门见山地说实话。❷It'squiteplainthatyouhaven'tbeenpayingattention.你显然一直都没好好地留意。❸Theystilllikesimplefoodandplainclothesthoughtheyaremuchbetteroffnow.尽管现在富裕多了，他们还是喜欢吃简单的食物、穿朴素的衣服。❹Theaircraftwasabletoflyovertheendlesswhiteplainswithoutdifficulty.飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色平原。❺Youareplainlyunwillingtocooperate.你显然不愿合作。❻Saywhatyouhavetosayplainly.Don'tgoallroundthecircletogethere.你该说的就直说吧，不用转弯抹角。联想拓展：inplainEnglish/language用简单的英语/语言aplainwhiteblouse一件朴素的白衬衫aplainwoodentable一张朴素的木桌aplaingoldweddingring一枚式样简单的黄金婚戒aplainandtruthfulanswer坦率而真实的回答即学即练单句语法填空/写出句中plain的词性及词义①Hewasquiteplain____________hisfeelingonthematter.②I'llbeplain____________you.Idon'tliketheidea.③Howcouldyounotnoticethatgirl?Shewas____________plainsightallnight.④Shewas____________(plain)dressedandworenomakeup.⑤Alittlemountainstreamisdashingdowntotheplain.____________⑥Themeaningofthesentenceisquiteplain.____________⑦Theexcuseforme,however,wasnotyouthbutplainstupidity.____________4.appropriateadj.合适的，恰当的(1)appropriatetime/place 合适的时间/地点beappropriatefor/tosth. 适合……Itisappropiatetodosth. 做某事是合适的Itisappropriatethat... 是恰当的(2)appropriatelyadv. 恰当地，合适地inappropriateadj. 不适当的，不合适的inappropriatebehaviour/language不恰当地行为/语言❶Idon'tfeelthatthisisanappropriatetimetomentionthesubject.我觉得这个时候不适合提这个话题。❷Jeansarenotappropriateforaformalpartylikethis.在像这样的正式聚会上穿牛仔裤是不合适的。❸Itisnotappropriatetoasksuchpersonalquestionsinaninterview.在采访中问这样的私人问题是不合适的。❹Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhowhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这种场合中作出更恰当的反应。词语辨析：appropriate,suitable与fit的用法区别appropriate：指时间、场合、地位等适合。Youwillbeinformedofthedetailsattheappropriatetime.在适当的时候会把详情告诉你suitable：指适合某种情况或某一日的。Wouldnowbeasuitablemomenttohavearest？现在适合休息吗？fit：指大小适合或胜任某职位。I'mafraidthatLucyisnotfitforthisjob.恐怕露西不适合这份工作。即学即练单句语法填空①Trytodress____________(appropriate)foreachoccasion.②Askyourdoctorwhetherthesetreatmentsareappropriate____________you.③Itisoftenappropriate____________(use)thelocaldialecttomunicateyourmessage.④____________isentirelyappropriatethathismusicshouldbeplayedatthisfestival.5.estimatevt.估计，估价n．估计；估计的成本(1)Itisestimated(that)... 据估计，……beestimatedtobe/have/coststh. 被估计为/有/价值……estimatesth.at... 估计某物为……(2)aroughestimate 粗略的估计❶Itisestimated(that)theprojectwilllastfouryears.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。❷Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.这棵树估计至少有700年树龄。❸Theyestimatethecostat800yuan.他们估计费用为800元。语境助记：Theuniversityestimatesthecostoflivingforinternationalstudentsatabout$8450ayear.据该大学估计，国际学生每年的生活费约为8450英镑。即学即练单句语法填空①Iknowhimwellenoughtoform____________estimateofhisabilities.②Thecostofbuildingrailways____________(estimate)at.③Itisestimated____________upto60%ofthelocalpopulationisbeingreachedthroughtheseradiobroadcasts.④Thepoliceestimatedthenumberoftourists____________about20，000.6.consumevt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)(1)consumetime 消耗时间consumeallthehamburgers 吃光所有的汉堡consumethewholecity 吞噬整个城市(2)consumern. [C]消费者，顾客，用户consumptionn. [U]消费；消耗量❶Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子们很快便把桌子上的所有食物吃光了。❷Alcoholcandoharmtotheliverifconsumedinlargequantities.如果大量饮酒，那会对肝脏造成伤害。❸Wehavetoreplacetheseoldlampswiththenewenergyefficientones,becausetheyconsumetoomuchelectricity.我们必须把这些旧灯换成新的节能灯，因为它们太耗电。❹Carsthatconsumelessfuelareparticularlypopularwithyoungpeople.耗油量较低的汽车在年轻有中尤其受欢迎。语境助记：TheelectricityconsumptionissogreatinourcitythatIstronglysuggestallusconsumersshouldneverleaveourlightsonwhenwegoout.我们城市的用电量如此之大，我强烈建议我们所有的用户出门时千万不要忘记关灯。即学即练判断下列句子中consume的含义/用consume的适当形式填空①Ourhighlivingstandardscauseourpresentpopulationtoconsume25percentoftheworld'soil.____________②Accordingtoasurvey，40gramsofmeatperdayiswhatpeopleshouldconsumeinordertostayfit.____________③Phonecarriersand____________needtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandmunicatingwhatisreal.④Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain(消耗)—____________ofenergy—onthebody.7.essentialadj.必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的，基本的n．必需品；要点，要素(1)beessentialfor/to... 对……来说是极为重要的Itisessential(forsb.)todosth. (对某人来说)做某事是完全必要的。Itisessentialthat...……是必要/至关重要的。(that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略)(2)essentiallyadv. 本质上，根本上❶Advancedtechnologyisessentialtotheadvanceofsociety.先进的技术对社会的进步是极为重要的。❷It'sessentialforhighandnewtechenterprisestostrengthenpetitivepower.增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说是极其重要的。❸Itisessentialthatyourdiet(should)bevariedandbalanced.你的饮食要多样化且均衡，这至关重要。❹TheessentialdifferencebetweenSaraandmeisthefactthatItakelifeseriously.我与萨拉的根本区别在于我是认真对待生活的这一事实。特别提示：句式“Itis＋adj.＋that...”中的形容词是essential，important,necessary，natural等时，从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语应使用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。Itisessentialthatyou(should)ehomeearly.你有必要早点回家。Itisimportantthathe(should)attendtheconferenceneXtweek.重要的是他应该参加下周的会议。Itisnecessarythathe(should)readEnglishaloudeveryday.他每天大声读英语是很有必要的。即学即练单句语法填空①Thepossessionofapassportisessential____________foreigntravels.②Itisessentialthathe____________(send)thereatonce.③Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itis____________essentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbee.④Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthatit'sessential____________(wear)asurgicalmasktocontrolthespreadofCOVID19.8.takeoff拿下，脱下；起飞；突然成功takeon 承担；呈现；雇用takeup 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)takedown 记下；拿下takein 吸收；领会；欺骗takeover 接管；接收takeapart 拆开takeback 拿回；撤销❶Hecameinandtookoffhiscoat.他走了进来，脱掉大衣。❷Theplanetookoffdespitethefog.尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。❸In1944,hiscareertookoff.1944年，他的事业飞黄腾达。❹Someinsectstakeonthecolouroftheirsurroundingtoprotectthemselves.有些昆虫会呈现出周围环境的颜色以保护自己。❺Shetookupapenandwrotedownhernameandaddress.她拿起钢笔写下了她的名字和地址。❻Aferhegraduated，hetookupthestudyofspace.他毕业后就开始从事太空研究。❼Writingthepapertookupmostofmyweekend.写论文占去了我周末的大部分时间。❽Theplantshavetakeninabundantnutritionfromundertheground.这些植物从地下吸收了丰富的营养。❾Whentakinginthemeaningofanewword,you'dbettermarkitout.理解新单词的意思时，你最好标注一下。⑩ApparentlyshetookTominpletelywithherstory.显然，她的一番花言巧语完全把汤姆蒙骗住了。⑪JohnwilltakeoverasgeneralmanagerwhenMitchellretires.米切尔退休后，约翰将接任总经理一职。⑫Youcannottakeoverthestoreunlessyoudepositinadvance.你只有先交订金才能接手这个商铺。语境助记：ItookoffmyTshirtanddivedintothewater.我脱下T恤衫，潜入水中。语境助记：IfIbuysomethingandhedoesn'tlikeit,I'lltakeitback．如果我买了什么东西，他不喜欢，我就退掉它。即学即练单句语法填空①Hetook____________thetelephonereceiverandbegantodial.②Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetaken____________thankstothefortableclimateforbusinesscreation.③He'sspokentoapublishingpany.They'regoingtotakehim____________．④ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersontotake____________thejob.⑤Theaccidenthappenedasthejetwasabouttotake____________．⑥Hetook____________adictionaryfromthetopshelf.⑦Shereadafewpoems，butdidnottakethem____________．⑧Mylittlesonlikestotake____________histoycars.9.appetiten．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望；爱好，嗜好haveagood/poor/noappetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口developeanappetitefor... 对……提起胃口ruinone'sappetite 破坏某人的食欲loseone'sappetite 某人失去胃口haveanappetitefor 喜欢，爱好havenoappetitefor 对……没有兴趣❶Exercisegivesheragoodappetite.运动使她胃口大开。❷MrBlackhasdevelopedanappetiteforChinesefood.布莱克先生喜欢上了吃中国食物。❸Thesmellruinedmyappetite，andIpushedthedishaway.那气味破坏了我的食欲，我把菜推开了。❹Hehasanappetiteforclassicalmusic.他很喜欢古典音乐。❺Atthemomentshehadnoappetiteforgossip.此刻她对流言蜚语没有兴趣。联想拓展：appetite→appetizingadj.开胃的；促进食欲的→appetisingadj.促进食欲的；美味可口的；开胃的，诱人的→appetitiveadj.食欲的；有食欲的；开胃的即学即练单句语法填空①Hehas____________appetiteforwriting.②Allkindsofmagazinesandresearchpapersareputoutwiththeaimofsatisfyingreaders'appetite____________specificknowledge.10.emphasisn．(pl.emphases)强调，重视；重读(1)lay/put/placeemphasison... 强调/重视……giveemphasisto 强调，着重(2)emphasizevt. 强调；着重；使突出emphasizetheimportanceofsth. 强调某事的重要性emphasizesth.tosb. 向某人强调某事❶Schoolshereput/place/laygreatemphasisonreadingandwriting.这里的学校非常重视阅读和写作。❷Thegovernmentgavemuchemphasistotheproblemoftrafficjams.政府非常重视交通堵塞问题。❸WecannotemphasizetoomuchtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.我们再怎样强调学英语的重要性也不为过。❹Heonlyemphasizedhisownintereststousattheconference.他在会上只向我们强调了他自己的利益。联想拓展：stress/highlightvt.强调；着重；使突出Inthepastwestressedaid，whilenowwestresseconomiccooperation.我们过去侧重(提供)援助，而现在强调经济合作。Itshouldhighlightwhatyoucanofferthepany,suchasaspecificskillorexperience.它应该重点突出你能为公司贡献什么，比如一项特殊的技能或(工作)经验。即学即练单句语法填空①OurEnglishcourseplacesgreatemphasis____________conversationalskills.②Wecannot____________(emphasis)theimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmenttoomuchbecausewehaveonlyoneEarth.11.edgen．边，边缘；刀口onedge 紧张不安；急切ontheedgeof... 在……的边缘；濒于；快要；将近attheedgeof... 在……的边缘❶Shewasalwaysonedgebeforeaninterview.她在面试前总是紧张不安。❷Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththatgivesofflightinthedark.在夹克的边缘，有一块布在黑暗中发光。❸Weallknowthatthepandaisaspeciesthatisontheedgeofextinction.我们都知道熊猫是一种濒临灭绝的物种。❹Attheedgeofthedesert,hecameacrossadesertedchurch.在沙漠的边缘地带，他碰巧发现了一座被遗弃的教堂。特别提示：attheedgeof和ontheedgeof表示“在……的边缘”时，一般可以互换使用。但是attheedgeof强调所处的位置是一个点，而ontheedgeof强调所处的位置是一条线或一个平面，并且还有“濒于；快要，将近”的抽象含义。Heisstandingattheedgeofthecliff．他站在悬崖的边上。(强调在某一地点)Thereisaknifeontheedgeofthetable．桌边有把刀。(强调在某一平面上)即学即练完成句子①Thehotelissituated________________(在……边缘)thetown.②Th