黑龙江省哈尔滨市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语

哈师大附中2023—2024学年度高二上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’swrongwiththeman’smother?A.Shehasapoordiet. B.Shehashighbloodpressure. C.Shehashighbloodsugar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Youdon’tlooksowell.Anythingwrong?M:Yes.YesterdayIhadtotakemymothertohospitalduetohighbloodsugar.W:Anythingserious?M:Notreally.Allshehastodoisfollowastrictdiet.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydidthewomancallherfriends?A.Towakethemup. B.Togethelpfromthem. C.Toinformthemofameeting.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youhavebeentalkingonthephonesinceyouwokeupthismorning.W:Yousee,Ihavelostmynotesforanimportantmeeting.SoIcalledsomefriendstohelpmeout.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendidthewomangethomelastnight?A.At10:00 B.At10:30. C.At11:00.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wereyoulatehomeagainlastnight?W:Yes.Iwenttoapartywhichfinishedat10:00soIdidn’tcomebackhomeuntil11atnight.M:Youshouldbebackatleast30minutesearlier.更多低价优质资源可家卫星MXSJ6634.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthemanforgettobuy?A.Milk. B.Fish. C.Eggs.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyoumanagetogeteverythingonmylist?M:Ithinkso.Twobottlesofmilk,halfadozeneggs,somemeat…W:Whereisthefish?M:Oh,no,Iforgotit.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anexamresult. B.Asportsgame. C.Atravelplan.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:What’sthescorenow?M:It’s3-2atthemomentinEngland’sfavor.ButSpainseemstobetakingtheupperhandonthefield.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatisthenewcomer’spositioninthecompany?A.Heisadepartmenthead. B.Heisafilmdirector. C.Heisaprogrammanager.7.Whoisthenewcomer?A.LiamNeeson. B.DavidCook. C.JoeySanders.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Michael.Didyouhearaboutthenewcomer?M:Who?W:WegirlsjustcallhimLiamNeeson,becausehelookssomuchlikehimfromthefilmSchindler’sList.M:Oh,youmeanJoeySanders?Heisthenewheadofthemarketingdepartment.W:Ishe?Ithoughthewasinyourdepartment,takingDavidCook’splaceinchargeoftheM103program.M:Asamatteroffact,I’mheadoftheM103programnow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whydidthewomancall?A.Toaskaboutaninterview. B.Tobookaroom. C.Togetinformationonaposition.9.Whatistheman?A.Ahousekeeper. B.Amanager. C.Areceptionist.10.Whatwillthewomando?A.Gotohisoffice. B.Holdtheline. C.VisitMr.Dover.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,mynameisCrystalHuntsman.IsthisMr.Dover,thehotelmanager?M:Thankyouforcalling,MsHuntsman.Actually,thisisthereceptiondesk.IstheresomethingthatIcanhelpyouwith?W:IappliedforahousekeepingpositionlastweekandIjustgotamessagefromMr.Doveraskingtocallhim.Hewantedtoarrangeatimeforaninterview.M:Inthatcase,itisbesttospeaktoMr.Doverdirectly.He’sinrightnow,sopleaseholdonwhileIputyouthroughtohisoffice.W:OK.Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Howmanycandidatesarethespeakersgoingtomeet?A.20. B.12. C.2.12.Whatmakesthemansurprised?A.Thecandidates’languageskills. B.Thenumberofjobapplicants. C.Theexperienceofemployees.13.Whatdothespeakerstalkaboutattheendoftheconversations?A.Candidtates’background. B.Jobdescription. C.Interviewprocedure.【答案】11.B12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M:Howmanyapplicationsdidweget,Mary?W:Well,overallwe’vegotover200.M:Wow,thatmany!W:Yes,butmostofwhichwecanrejectrightaway,peoplewhodon’thavetherightexperience,qualifications,thatkindofthing.M:Ofcourse.W:Andso,Idrewupashortlistof12candidates.M:Arewegoingtointerviewallofthem?W:Ithinkweshould.Butcertainly,I’llletyouhavealookfirst.M:Great,so,whohavewegotthen?W:Well,Ithinkwe’vegotsomeprettystrongcandidates.Twoinparticular.M:Theyhavetherightkindofqualification?W:I’dcertainlysayso.Astrongeducationalbackground,experienceinsales,languageskills…M:Good.Ilookforwardtomeetingallofthem.W:So,I’dsaywedothisstandardinterviewformat.M:SureW:Afewgeneralquestions,thenontospecifics.Wecouldalsoaskthemtogiveashortpresentation.M:Great.I’mreallylookingforwardtothis.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatwerethespeakersdoing?A.Working. B.Shopping. C.Havingameeting.15.Whatwillthewomandoat5:00?A.Attendameeting. B.Visitherbrother. C.GotoNewtown.16.Whenwillthewomanprobablygetbackhome?A.At7:00. B.At8:00. C.At10:00.17.Whatistheman’sopinionaboutthenewworkingplace?A.Itisfar. B.Hisofficeissmall. C.Thetrafficisheavy.【答案】14.B15.A16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:It’sreallyhardwork!I’mgladit’sover.Doyouwanttogohomenow?M:Yes,IthinkI’lltakethethingsweboughthome.W:Okay.I’llgototheoffice.I’vegotlotstodo.M:I’dbetterhurry.Mybrother’swaitingatthehousetohelpcarrythesethingsin.W:Ihopehe’llstillbetherewhenIgethome.Ihaven’tseenyourbrotherforages.No,wait,Iforgottotellyou.I’llbelatehometonight.I’vegotameetingat5o’clock.M:Whendoyouthinkitwillend?W:I’mnotsure.Atleasttwohours.Still,Ishouldbehomeateight.M:Okay.It’snicenowthatyourofficeisinCitySquare.Youdon’thavetotravelveryfaratall.W:Butyou’llneverseehowterriblethetrafficisintherushhour.M:I’mgoingtothenewbranchofmycompanyinNewtowntomorrow,butI’mnotlookingforwardtoit.Itisinaquietplaceandmyofficeismuchmorespaciousthantheoldone,butIhavetotraveltwohoursonthetrain.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whathappenedin1926?A.LangstonHugheswaselectedastheclasspoet.B.LangstonHugheswroteTheNegroSpeaksofRivers.C.Langston’sfirstpoetrycameout.19.WhendidLangstonHughespublishBlackNativity?A.In1961. B.In1951. C.In1941.20.WheredidLangstonHughessettledownaftermanytravels?A.IntheUS. B.InJapan. C.InHaiti.【答案】18.C19.A20.A【解析】【原文】M:LangstonHugheswasborninMissouriin1902butwasraisedbyhisgrandmotherafterhisparentsseparated.Whennotlivingwithhisgrandmother,hetravelledwithhismotherfromtowntotown.WhilelivinginOhioinhisearlyteenageyears,LangstonHugheswroteanumberofpoems,andhiseighthgradeclasselectedhimastheclasspoet.HemovedtoMexicoafterhighschoolandwroteTheNegroSpeaksofRiversin1921.Itexpressedhissadnessattheendlesshardshipofthepeopleofhisrace.In1926LangstonHughespublishedhisfirstpoetry,TheWearyBlues.Intheearly1930s,HughestravelledtotheSovietUnion,JapanandHaiti.AftermanytravelshereturnedtoHarlemtomakeithishomewhichisanareaofNewYorkCityinnortheastManhattan,wheremanyAfrican-Americanpeoplelive.Hewroteoneofhismostfamouspoems,Harlem,in1951.TenyearslaterhepublishedBlackNavititywhichcausedpublicargumentsaboutracerelations.Hediedin1967.ManypeoplerefertoLangstonHughesasthemostfamousblackpoetduetohisinfluenceonAfrican-Americanliterature.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)AWorld’sGreatestPlacesWanttoseetheworld?Eachyear,TIMEmagazinemakesalistoftheWorld’sGreatestPlaces.TIMEforKidspicksitsfavorites.Someplacesareawindowonthepast.Otherslookoutonthefuture.Together,theyrepresenttherangeofbeautyandcultureonourplanet,fromwildlifeandothernaturalwonderstoincrediblehuman-madestructures.Getreadyforanadventure!IslandLivingDominicaiscalledtheCaribbean’snatureislandforitswaterfalls,hotsprings,andvolcanoes.Visitorscanhiketrailsandkayakalongthecoastline.Andtheislandiseco-friendly.There’sanewresortthat’sfullypoweredbysunandwind.FamilyFunPhuket,Thailand,isknownforitsbeaches.Butthere’sanewthemeparkcalledCarnivalMagic,whichre-createstraditionalfestivals.Lookatthefireworks!AtthePhuketElephantSanctuary,visitorscanfeedtheanimals.Localshopsoffericecreammadewithcoconutmilk.CityCentralIn2022,Viennawasnamedtheworld’smostlivablecity.Austria’scapitalhasmorethanathousandmilesofbikepaths,andgreenspacescoverhalfofitsarea.There’splentytodoindoors,too.TheBelvedereMuseumjustcelebratedits300thbirthday.RainOnThisisthenewvisitorcenteratElYunque,arainforestinRioGrande,PuertoRico.ElYunqueistheonlytropicalrainforestintheUnitedStatesNationalForestService,andisfamousforitsbiodiversity.PuertoRicoishometomorethan240plantspeciesand18nativebirdspecies.Youcanspotmanyoftheminthepark.21.WhatdovisitorsprobablydoinAustria’scapital?A.Gocycling. B.Feedtheanimals. C.Hiketrails. D.Enjoythefireworks.22.Whichplaceisattractivetothetropicalrainforestlovers?A.Phuket. B.Dominica. C.ElYunque. D.Vienna.23.Whoarethesementionedplacesintendedfor?A.Adults. B.Kids. C.Elders. D.Editors.【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍而《时代》杂志给孩子们挑选的冒险之旅。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据CityCentral大标题下的第二句话“Austria’scapitalhasmorethanathousandmilesofbikepaths,andgreenspacescoverhalfofitsarea.(奥地利首都有一千多英里的自行车道，绿地覆盖了其一半的面积)”可知，游客在奥地利的首都可以去骑自行车。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据RainOn大标题下的第二句话“ElYunqueistheonlytropicalrainforestintheUnitedStatesNationalForestService,andisfamousforitsbiodiversity.(ElYunque是美国国家林业局唯一的热带雨林，以其生物多样性而闻名)”可知，ElYunque是美国国家林业局唯一的热带雨林，所以对于热带雨林爱好者是有吸引力的。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据World’sGreatestPlaces大标题下的第三句话“TIMEforKidspicksitsfavorites.(《儿童时代》挑选了它的最爱)”可知，这些提到的地方是为孩子们准备的。故选B。BThegrowingicecreamfranchise(特许经营权)isthebrainchildofTomLandis,arestauranteur(餐馆老板),whowantedtocreateasafespaceforpeoplewithspecialneedstoworkinthefoodindustry,plustheflavorsaregreat!AttheDallas-basedrestaurant,employeesservelargescoopsoficecreamhandedoverwithlove.TomLandishashiredpeoplewithspecialneedsformanyyears.Buthecouldn'talwaysprovideajobforeveryonewhocametohisfast-pacedsandwichshopsandpizzajointslookingforwork.Determinedtocreateabusinesswherefriendlinessmatteredandkitchensweresafe,helandedonicecream.In2015,heopenedthefirsticecreamshop;therearenowsevenfranchisesincitiesincludingAsheville,ElPaso,IndianapolisandDenver.Eachshopcreates15jobsinasafeenvironmentforpeoplewithspecialneeds.Hesaidtwomorefranchiseswereopeningsoon.“Ourrelentlessmissionistoemployall,”hesaidwhileinterviewedbythelocalmedia.Employeesarebehindsomeofthebestideasattheicecreamshops,whichboast(有)funflavorsliketop-sellingDrPepperChocolateChip,andotherfavoriteslikeColdBrew&CookiesandStrawberryMilkshake.In-storesamplingeventsareleadingtodealwithsomegrocerystoresinthecomingmonths.WhenLandistalkedaboutthevarietiesoficecreaminhisshops,hesaid,“Itjustworks.Wesellouteverytime.”Inthesunnyandbrightlycoloredshops,employeesspreadkindnessandhappinesstotheircustomersastheydishoutextraicecreamandfreesprinkles.“That'swhaticecreamis,”saidLandiswithjoy.Hisemployeesareheroes.“Theyleadme,”headded.24.WhatdoesLandisintendtoprovideforpeoplewithspecialneeds?A.Akindboss. B.Hugesalaries.C.Aroomtolive. D.Safeworkingplaces.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLandis'sandwichshops?A.Theydidn'tsuitalljobhunters.B.Thecustomerstherehadspecialneeds.C.Thefoodtherewasmadeinfactories.D.Theyhadanovelspaceforcustomers.26.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoconveyinparagraph4?A.Thediversityoficecream.B.Theemployees’creativity.C.Thepopularityoficecream.D.Thefriendshipbetweenemployees.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLandis?A.Meanbutenergetic.B.Successfulanddetermined.C.Modestandresponsible.D.Conservativebutpractical.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。TomLandis想为有特殊需求的人在食品行业中创造一个安全的环境。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thegrowingicecreamfranchise(特许经营权)isthebrainchildofTomLandis,arestauranteur(餐馆老板),whowantedtocreateasafespaceforpeoplewithspecialneedstoworkinthefoodindustry,plustheflavorsaregreat!”（不断增长的冰淇淋特许经营权是餐馆老板汤姆·兰迪斯的创意，他想为有特殊需求的人在食品行业工作创造一个安全的空间，而且味道好极了！）可知，TomLandis想为有特殊需求的人在食品行业中创造一个安全的环境。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Buthecouldn'talwaysprovideajobforeveryonewhocametohisfast-pacedsandwichshopsandpizzajointslookingforwork.”（但他不能总是为每个来他快节奏的三明治店和披萨店找工作的人提供工作。）可知，Landis的三明治商店并不适合所有的求职者。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Employeesarebehindsomeofthebestideasattheicecreamshops,whichboast(有)funflavorsliketop-sellingDrPepperChocolateChip,andotherfavoriteslikeColdBrew&CookiesandStrawberryMilkshake.”（员工们是冰淇淋店一些最佳创意的幕后推手，这些冰淇淋店以其有趣的口味而自豪，比如最畅销的DrPepper巧克力片，以及其他最受欢迎的口味，比如ColdBrew&Cookies和StrawberryMilkshake）可知，员工们很有创造力。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thegrowingicecreamfranchise(特许经营权)isthebrainchildofTomLandis,arestauranteur(餐馆老板),whowantedtocreateasafespaceforpeoplewithspecialneedstoworkinthefoodindustry,plustheflavorsaregreat!”（不断增长的冰淇淋特许经营权是餐馆老板汤姆·兰迪斯的创意，他想为有特殊需求的人在食品行业工作创造一个安全的空间，而且味道好极了！）可知，TomLandis想为有特殊需求的人在食品行业中创造一个安全的环境。Landis是有责任心的人。根据最后一段“Hisemployeesareheroes.“Theyleadme,”headded.”（他的员工都是英雄。“他们引领着我，”他补充道。）可知，Landis是谦虚的。故选C项。CMostpeoplehatemosquitoes—butscientistsareabouttobuilda“mosquitofactory”toreleasemodified(改良的)mosquitoes.ThemodifiedmosquitoescarryabacteriumcalledWolbachiapipientis(沃尔巴克氏菌),whichcanbenaturallyfoundinmostinsectspecies.However,it’srarelydiscoveredinmosquitoes.“Weactuallygrowthesemosquitoesthatcontainthebacterium,”ScottO’Neill,anAustralianscientistinvolvedintheproject,toldCBCNews.Whenthemodifiedmosquitoesarereleased,theyslowlyspreadthebacteriumtothepopulation.Severalstudieshavedemonstratedtheinsects’success.Forexample,acontrolledexperimentinIndonesiashowedthatthemodifiedinsecthelpedreducethecasesofthediseasedengue(登革热)by77percent,accordingtoastudypaperpublishedin2021.TheWorldMosquitoProgramhasannouncedthatitwillreleasemodifiedmosquitoesinmanyofBrazil’surbanareasoverthenext10years.Theaimistoprotectupto70millionpeoplefromdiseasessuchasdengue,aninfectiousdiseasemainlyspreadbymosquitoes.Brazilhasoneofthehighestratesofdengueinfectionintheworld,accordingtotheNaturewebsite.“Morethan1,000peoplediedofdenguein2022becauseofthespreadofmosquitoes.It’sgoingeverywhere,”LucianoMoreira,ascientistinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,toldCBCNews.Anotherwaytopreventmosquitoesfromspreadingdiseasesisbyproducinggeneticallymodifiedmosquitoes(GM).In2022theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyapprovedthereleaseof2.4billionGMmosquitoesinCaliforniaandFlorida.Accordingtotheagency,GMmosquitoescarrytwotypesofgenes:aself-limitinggenethatpreventsfemaleoffspring(后代)fromsurvivingtoadulthood;andamarkergenethatallowsresearcherstoidentifyGMonesinthewild.Afterbeingreleased,GMmosquitoeslayeggs,sothegenesarepassedontooffspring.Inthisway,thenumberoffemalemosquitoesisreduced,thereforereducingthechanceofspreadingdisease.28.Whatisthefinalpurposeofbuildingthe“mosquitofactory”?A.Topreventthespreadofmosquito-bornediseases.B.Toproducemassivemosquitoesforscientificresearch.C.Tostudythebehaviorofmosquitoesindifferentenvironments.D.Toreplacethenaturalmosquitopopulationwithamodifiedone.29.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph5inthetext?A.Itstateschallengesfacingtheprogram. B.Itprovidesthebackgroundtotheprogram.C.Itshowstheexpectedeffectoftheprogram. D.Itindicatesanopinionontheannouncement.30.Howdoestheself-limitinggeneingeneticallymodifiedmosquitoeswork?ABylimitingtheirabilitytolayeggs. B.Bymakingthemimmunetodisease.C.Byreducingtheiroffspring’slifespans. D.Byallowingthemtobeeasilyidentified.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AMosquitoFactory B.ReducingDengueinBrazilC.ExperimentingonModifiedInsects D.ModifyingInfectiousMosquitoes【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“TheWorldMosquitoProgramhasannouncedthatitwillreleasemodifiedmosquitoesinmanyofBrazil’surbanareasoverthenext10years.Theaimistoprotectupto70millionpeoplefromdiseasessuchasdengue,aninfectiousdiseasemainlyspreadbymosquitoes.(世界蚊子项目宣布，未来10年将在巴西许多城市地区释放转基因蚊子。其目的是保护多达7000万人免受登革热等疾病的侵害。登革热是一种主要由蚊子传播的传染病)”和第六段中“Anotherwaytopreventmosquitoesfromspreadingdiseasesisbyproducinggeneticallymodifiedmosquitoes(GM).(另一种防止蚊子传播疾病的方法是培育转基因蚊子)”可推知，建造“蚊子工厂”的最终目的是防止蚊媒疾病的传播。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“TheWorldMosquitoProgramhasannouncedthatitwillreleasemodifiedmosquitoesinmanyofBrazil’surbanareasoverthenext10years.(世界蚊子项目宣布，未来10年将在巴西许多城市地区释放转基因蚊子)”和第五段“Brazilhasoneofthehighestratesofdengueinfectionintheworld,accordingtotheNaturewebsite.“Morethan1,000peoplediedofdenguein2022becauseofthespreadofmosquitoes.It’sgoingeverywhere,”LucianoMoreira,ascientistinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,toldCBCNews.(据《自然》杂志网站报道，巴西是世界上登革热感染率最高的国家之一。“由于蚊子的传播，2022年有1000多人死于登革热。它无处不在，”巴西里约热内卢的科学家卢西亚诺·莫雷拉告诉CBC新闻)”可推知，第五段用数据介绍了登革热在巴西造成的危害，从而为第四段中“释放转基因蚊子”项目提供了背景知识。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Accordingtotheagency,GMmosquitoescarrytwotypesofgenes:aself-limitinggenethatpreventsfemaleoffspring(后代)fromsurvivingtoadulthood(据该机构称，转基因蚊子携带两种类型基因：一种是自我限制的基因，可以阻止雌性后代存活到成年)”可知，转基因蚊子的自我限制基因通过缩短后代的寿命来发挥作用。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Mostpeoplehatemosquitoes—butscientistsareabouttobuilda“mosquitofactory”toreleasemodified(改良的)mosquitoes.(大多数人讨厌蚊子——但是科学家们即将建立一个“蚊子工厂”来释放转基因蚊子)”和最后一段“Accordingtotheagency,GMmosquitoescarrytwotypesofgenes:aself-limitinggenethatpreventsfemaleoffspring(后代)fromsurvivingtoadulthood;andamarkergenethatallowsresearcherstoidentifyGMonesinthewild.Afterbeingreleased,GMmosquitoeslayeggs,sothegenesarepassedontooffspring.Inthisway,thenumberoffemalemosquitoesisreduced,thereforereducingthechanceofspreadingdisease.(据该机构称，转基因蚊子携带两种类型的基因：一种是自我限制的基因，可以阻止雌性后代存活到成年；以及一种标记基因，使研究人员能够在野外识别转基因作物。被释放后，转基因蚊子产卵，因此基因被传递给后代。这样一来，雌蚊的数量就减少了，从而减少了传播疾病的机会)”可知，文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究。由此可知，“ModifyingInfectiousMosquitoes(改良传染性蚊子)”适合作文章最佳标题。故选D。DImaginereadingastorytitled"PursuingSuccess."Thatwouldbeaninspiringstory,wouldn'tit?Maybe—butmaybenot.Itmightwellbethestoryofsomeonewhosenever-endingchaseformoreandmoresuccessleavesthemunsatisfiedandincapableofhappiness.Thoughitisn'taconventionalmedicaladdiction,formanypeoplesuccesshasaddictiveproperties.Obviously,successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent,praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine(神经递质多巴胺)，whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors.Thedesireforsuccessmaybeborntohumannature,butspecialnessdoesn'tcomecheap.Successistoughwork,anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered.Unfortunately,successisendless.Thegoalcan'tbesatisfied;mostpeopleneverfeel“successful”enough.Thehighonlylastsadayortwo,andthenit'sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill(快乐跑步机现象)，inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.Peopleshouldgetoffthetreadmill.Butquittingisn'teasyforaddicts.Forpeoplehookedonsubstances,withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically,researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.Olympicathletes,inparticular,sufferfromthe“post-Olympicblues.”Justlikewine,successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor—insteadofacomplement(补充物)to—therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives.32.Whatdoespraisefunctionaswhengoingwithsuccess?A.Ithasnothingtodowithsuccessaddiction.B.Itmayindirectlycausesuccessaddiction.C.Italwaysbringspositiveresultsofsuccess.D.Itresultsinalladdictivebehaviorsexceptsuccess.33.WhydidtheauthormentiontheresearchfindingsofRobertGoldman?A.Toshowsuccessisatoughandcrueljob.B.Tostressthekeytosuccessliesinefforts.C.Toarguethatathletesdeservemorerewards.D.Todescribetheroutinetrainingofanordinaryathlete.34.Whatcansuccessbringtoasuccessaddictaccordingtopsychologists?A.Satisfactionandasenseofpride.B.Anxietyandshort-livedhappiness.C.Relaxationandendlessmotivation.D.Confidenceandpermanenthappiness.35.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoaboutpursuingsuccess?A.Stopchasingsuccess.B.Chasesuccessatanycost.C.Reflectonwhatmattersinlife.D.Giveuploveandrelationships.【答案】32.B33.A34.B35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了成功对人们的影响，对许多人来说，成功有上瘾的特性，但成功是艰苦的工作，它要求承担失败的代价，而且成功还是无止境的，带来的快乐却很短暂；对此，作者建议人们应该思考自己生活中真正重要的东西是什么。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Obviously,successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent,praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine（神经递质多巴胺），whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors.”（显然，成功与表扬相伴。在一定程度上，表扬刺激神经递质多巴胺，这有助于所有成瘾行为。），可知表扬与成功相伴，会刺激神经递质多巴胺，它可能间接地导致成功成瘾。故选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的“Successistoughwork,anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered.”（成功是一项艰巨的工作，它需要承担损失的代价。1980年代，医生RobertGoldman发现了一个著名的发现，超过半数雄心勃勃的运动员愿意服用一种药物，这种药物将在五年内杀死他们，以换取他们参加的每一场比赛都能获胜。），可推知本段列举RobertGoldman的研究是为了说明成功是一项艰巨而残酷的工作。故选A项。【34题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Thegoalcan'tbesatisfied;mostpeopleneverfeel“successful”enough.Thehighonlylastsadayortwo,andthenit'sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill(快乐跑步机现象)，inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.”（目标不能满足，大多数人从来没有感觉到“成功”足够过。兴奋的状态只持续一两天，然后又进入下一个目标。心理学家称之为快乐跑步机现象，在这种情况下，满足感几乎立即消失，我们必须继续下一个奖励，以避免落伍的感觉。）和倒数第二段中的“Forpeoplehookedonsubstances,withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically,researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.”（对于那些沉迷于物质的人来说，戒断可能是一种痛苦的经历，无论是身体还是心理上，研究发现，在优秀运动员职业生涯结束后，抑郁和焦虑是常见的。），可知成功者永远感觉不到满足，他们的满足感/幸福感是短暂的，一些优秀运动员职业生涯结束后，会抑郁和焦虑，说明成功能给成功成瘾者带来短暂的幸福和焦虑。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“Justlikewine,successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor—insteadofacomplement(补充物)to—therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives.”（就像葡萄酒一样，成功本身并不是坏事。两者都能给生活带来乐趣和甜蜜。但是，当它们取代了——而不是补充——我们生活本该是关系和爱的中心时，它们就会变得专横。），可知作者认为成功本身并不是坏事，但当成功取代了我们生活中最核心的关系和爱时，成功就会变成坏事。由此推知，作者建议读者思考生活中最重要的事情。故选C项。第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。TheHistoryoftheAutomobileTheautomobile,morecommonlyknownasthecar,certainlycountsasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhumanhistory.____36____Astowhoinventedtheautomobile,theanswerisnotquitesoclear-cut.WhilesomegivecredittoKarlBenz,whopatentedthefirstgas-poweredvehiclein1886,othersgivethepraisetoGottliebDaimelr.Incidentally,thetwoinventors’companiesmerge(合并)in1926toformthefamousMercedes-Benz.____37____ItwasHenryFordwhodesignedasystemofmassproductionthatallowedhimtoproducecarsfarmorecheaply,whichinturnmeanthecouldsellthematlowerprices.By1927,15millionofFord’sfamousall-blackModelTshadbeenproduced.Masscarownershiphadbecomeareality.____38____Inventorswereworkingonelectricvehiclesaroundthesametimethatgas-poweredoneswerebeingdeveloped.Thefirstelectriccarwasdesignedin1884byThomasParker,thesamemanwhoelectrifiedtheLondonUnderground.By1900,electricvehiclesweregivinggascarsarunfortheirmoney.Theywerequiet,didnotgiveoffemissions,andwereeasiertodrive,especiallyforwomen.____39____Theyweredifficulttochargewhenmostpeople’shomesdidn’thaveelectricity.Theywerealsoratherexpensive.Intheend,HenryFord’scheapModelTputanendtointerestinelectriccarswhichdidn’tbecomepopularuntilthegasshortagesandenvironmentalconcernsofthelate20thcentury.Now,earlyinthe21stcentury,wefindourselvesonthebrinkofyetanotherageinautomobilehistory.Electriccarsaresettomakethegas-guzzler(油老虎)outofdate.____40____Benz,DaimlerandParkerwouldsurelybeamazedbyhowfartheirdreamshavecome.A.Butwhywereearlyelectriccarsnotpopular?B.However,theyweren’twithoutshortcomings.C.Theywerealsopopular