浙江卷概要写作-2021年高考英语（解析版）

题号押题09

浙江卷大作文（概要写作）

K真题回顾』

1.2019年6月，浙江卷概要写作真题

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBennan,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfident

Kids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."By

givingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejust

theopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynew

thingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents9praisehasputthem.

Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoo

much.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintrying

hardfortheiraccomplishments.

Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.

Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomething

thatdeservesaverbalreward.<4Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandwork

hardtoachieveagoal,,,saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear.LettingGoofWorryandFocusingon

WhatReallyMatters.t4Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.^^

Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,

youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcome

canalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabook

report.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相称的）totheamount

ofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

【答案】

Parentstendtogotoextremeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.（要点——）Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittle

praisecanbeequallydamaging.（要点二）Whengivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandconcentrateonthe

processinsteadoftheresult.（要点三）Similarly,theyoughttogivepraiseforhowmuchefforttheirkidshave

investedintheworkthey'reinvolvedin.（要点四）

【解析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用J’概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查

的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供

一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇6（）词左右的内容概要。

【详解】

完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，

1.读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄

清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。

2.组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准

确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较

多的文字去表达重要的内容。

3.通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。

2.2018年11月，浙江卷概要写作真题

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthe

same.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校园）likevisiting

andseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittle

crazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouare

applyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenext

fouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.

There9snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyou

havevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyou

livenearby,gocheckitout!

Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetween

applyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartache

ifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyou

actuallyvisit.

Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It's

achancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顾问）,anditwon'tcostyoua

penny!Youcanregisterfbritsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan't

taketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelp

youmakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.

【答案】

Ifsreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.Undoubtedly,students

shouldvisittheirlocalcolleges,whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast,theyshouldvisittheschooland

figureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,registeringfbrtheonline

collegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.

【解析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材

料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练学

握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。

【详解】

1.要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。

2.抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbefbreyouapply点明了本

文主题；Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoallthe

researchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocal

area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyou叩ply,atthevery

leastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dlike

toattend.在时间上提供了更多选择；iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollege

fairsatCollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。

3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。

4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。

5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注

意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。

【点睛】

范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句which

maybeincludedinapplications.和whoareshortofmoneyandtime.动名词registeringonline作主语，显示了很

高的驾驭英语的能力。

K命题探究』

概要写作，即对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也称之为摘要。写概要时，要把文章的

具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句进行表述，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不能把细节性信息作为中心，

即要对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用适合的语言表达。这

一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文

章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构把握的能力。因此，概要写作是基于对阅读理解和书面表达两者考

查的有机结合体。

概要写作的目的不仅是要重述原文的主旨要义，还要在不改变原文意思的前提下变换词汇和句子结构,

也就是要使用自己的语言写概要。

一、概要写作的考纲说明和题型介绍

i.考纲说明

根据教育部考试中心的相关说明，概要写作中，提供给考生一篇350以内的短文，要求其基于该短文

写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

2.试题选材特点

提供给考生阅读的短文词数在350以内；所选材料体裁虽然没有限制，但多以说明文、议论文为主，偶

尔也会有记叙文或夹叙夹议的阅读材料。考试说明所给的样题是一篇科普知识类的文章，句子结构复杂,

难度较大。

3.熟知概要写作的评分标准

（~）概要写作考查要求：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

（3）上下文的连贯性；

（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。

总之，概要应具有独立性和自明性，拥有与文章等量的主要信息，即不阅读全文，就能获得必要的信

息、；其次概要不容赘言，故需逐字推敲；最后概要内容必须完整、一目了然。

[[解题秘籍』

一、答题步骤

1,确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。

2,寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概

括的信息浓度。

前2点为重中之重：看完每个段落，问自己：这一段讲了什么呢？传递了什么主要信息，统领的信息

是什么，支撑信息是哪些？然后暂定主题句，在之后的阅读中不断理解与修正

3.确定时态和人称。如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现

在时。但模板的开头语一般为现在时，如：Thepassagetellsusthat…一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。

3.重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目

的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。

4.重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。3、4两个步骤其实

就是改写阅读材料的主题句和支撑句。口诀：简单概括，缩长间短，省却细腻。（见：间接引语。短：短的

连词。细腻：细节和例子）

5.检查润色草稿。需要确保初稿准确完整，再考虑誉抄。可以从以下几个方面来进行检查和润色：

a.主次是否分明，主题句和支撑句比例、顺序是否安排得当；

b.逻辑关系是否清晰，前后观点是否一致；

c.人称时态和概要字数是否符合要求：

d.查语法是否正确，特别是时态、主谓一致等，确保“语言规范”；

e.是否使用一些较为丰富、高级的句型和恰当的连接过渡词句等。

二、具体的方法技巧

（一）打磨重组、改写句子的能力

考生重组、改写句子的能力直接影响着概要写作的好坏，所以考生在平时训练时就要下意识提高自这

些能力。由于本专题前几章学案已经具体阐述了造句改写的能力，这里就不再赘述，具体请详见前几期学

案。这里只简单列举几个技巧。

1.同义替换法

Tomthoughtofanidea.

—>AnideaoccurredtoTom.

2.正话反说法

Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.

—>Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.

Youwillfail.

—Youwon'tsucceed.

3.词性转换法

Yoursuggestionsareveryvaluable.

—Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.

4.介词短语法

Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.

—Withsomanypeoplehelpingus,wearesuretofinishitintime.

5.句式变化法

(1)语态变换

Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.

—Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.

(2)简单句变复合句

Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.

—Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.

(3)连词衔接法

注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,yet,for,therefore,thus,including,insteadof

等。

Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.

—>Heinsistedonstayingratherthan/insteadofgoing.

(4)词序改变法

ProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.

PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.

⑸特殊句式法

Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.

—Jimwantstogoboating,andsodohisparents.

K押题冲关』

押题i

2021.3学军中学阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.AccordingtoanewsurveybytheNational

SleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhaveto

getupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringthe

day,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.

Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:mostofthemsleepabout18hours

aday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal.ButthenewNationalSleep

Foundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalf

ofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV.

“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunitiestostayawake,withmore

homework,theInternetandthephone,“saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedical

School.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownand

sleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnot

onlymaketeenagers5bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore

11pm.

Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasses

laterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30

am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.

【范文】

Nowadays,thetrendforAmericankidstosleeplesshasbeentowardlarge.Accordingtothesurveyconducted

byNationalSleepFoundation,school-agechildrensufferthelackofsleeptime.Dr.CarskadonarguesthatTVs,

homework,theinternetandthephoneexertnegativeinlluenceonchildren'ssleepinghabits,whilesimultaneously,

otherexpertsimply/suggest/argue/holdthisphenomenonstemspartlyfromchanginglevelsofbodychemicals.To

relievethesituation,decisionshavebeenmadeaccordinglyinsomedistrictstostarthighschoolclasseslater.

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Surfingthenetwhenyoushouldbefinishingaworkreport，changingclotheswhenyouhaveatraintocatch,

orperhapsevenlyinginbedwhenyou'vepromisedyourselfyou'llworkout.Soundfamiliar?Youaren'talone.We

allprocrastinate（拖延）sometimes,especiallywhenitcomestothingswearen'treallyfondof.

Astudyshowedthatwespendabout218minutesprocrastinatingeveryday,whichamountsto55daysoflost

timeeachyear.Wemightnotthinkthesefiguresparticularlyworthyofworry,butwhenwelookattheoverall

impactofprocrastinationonourlives,it'sadifferentstory.Notonlydoesthiscostfinancialloss,italsoaffects

peaceofmind.Ingeneral,peoplewhocontinuallyputthingsoffareunhappier,aswellasbeinglesswealthyand

healthy.

Sowhydowedoit?”Whenweavoidtakingaction,we'rereallyavoidingpain,“explainspsychiatrist（精神

病学家）PhilStutz.Formostofus,painavoidanceisn'tlimitedtoonesituation.ltappliestoalmostanythingthat's

painful.Mostofustryourbestnevertoleaveacomfortzone.That'swhywesacrificesomethingmuchmorevaluable:

time."Ourtimeonearthislimited,“Stutzadds/'Everymomentisanopportunitywe'llneverhave

again.Procrastinatorsactasiftheyhaveallthetimeintheworld.Butdeepdown,theyknowthey'rewastingparts

oftheirlives.Thetroubleis,mostofthemdon'tknowhowtofreethemselves.^^

Onewayhesaysweridprocrastinationisbyovercomingthepainofavoidanceusingdailyvisualization（想

象）.Picturethepainyou'reavoidingasablackcloudinfrontofyou,"Stutzsays.4UNoticehowyou'retiredof

thewaysthispainhasheldyoubackinlife,andtellyourselfthatyou'redeterminedtoconquerit.Thenit'stimeto

getthroughthecloudandtotheotherside-whereyou'refree.^^Expertsinsist:procrastinatorscanchangetheir

behavior,ittakesalotofseiworkbutintheend,it'sworththeeffbrt.Andstarttoday,nottomorrow.

【参考范文】

Inourdailylife，almosteveryonehasexperiencedprocrastination,whichhasagreatinfluenceonourwealth

andhealth.Thereasonwhyweprocrastinateisthatwerefusetoleaveacomfortzone.Onewaytogetridof

procrastinationistoovercomethepainofavoidancewithdailyvisualization.

押题3

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Therearemanybenefitsofpublictransportation.Forexample,publictransportationmakesiteasierfbrpeople

togetwheretheywantandneedtogo.ltalsohelpspeoplesavemoney,asthecostofmaintaining（维修保养）a

workingvehicleisoftenmuchmorethanthecostassociatedwithpublictransportation.Thefrequencyoftraffic

jamsandaccidentsmayalsobereducedwhenapersonusespublictransportation.

Oneofthemainbenefitsofpublictransportationisthefactthatitmakesiteasierforpeopletoget

around.Withoutpublictransportation,manypeople-especiallythosewithoutcars—wouldbelimitedinwhere

theycouldgoandwhattheycoulddo.Withpublictransportation,however,peoplecangettoschoolandwork,

gettothegrocerystoreandtodoctors'offices,andvisitrelatives,eveniftheydonotownvehicles.Public

transportationservespeopleofallagesandfromallwalksoflife,rangingfromfamilies，includingtheirchildren,

tobusinesspeopleontheirwaytotheoffice,totheelderly.

Often,peoplecomplainaboutthecostofpublictransportationwhentheratesareraised.Whencomparedwith

thecostofbuyingacar,manypeoplefindthatchoosingtoridepublictransportationisamuchcheaperoption.

Whenpublictransportationisavailable,manypeoplechoosetouseitinsteadofdrivingtoworkand

school.Thisistrueevenofmanypeoplewhoowncars,astheymayprefertoridetoworkonabusortrainrather

thandealwithtrafficjamsandparkingfrustrationseachday.Whenpeoplemakethischoice,theresultislesstraffic

ontheroadways,whichmeansfewertrafficjamsandlesspollution.Infact,thechoicemanypeoplemaketoride

publictransportationmayeventranslateintofewercaraccidentsandvehiclerelateddeathsandinjuries.Additionally,

theuseofpublictransportationalsomeanslessgasisconsumedeachyear.

【参考范文。

Peoplecanbenefitagreatdealfrompublictransportation.Firstly,itenablespeopletogowherevertheywant

orneedtogo.Secondly,bytakingpublictransportation,peoplemaysavealargeamountofmoney.Moreover,it

mayhelpreducemanytrafficjamsandaccidents.Finally,theuseofpublictransportationisalsoanefficientway

todecreasetheconsumptionofgas.

押题4

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Anew，firstofitskindstudyexaminestheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudents,stress

levels.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiacollectedsaliva。垂液）samplesfromover400

elementaryschoolchildren,gradesfourtoseven,at17publicschools.Cortisol（皮质醇）levelswerethenassessed

fromthesamplesasthehormoneiscommonlyusedasabiologicalindicatorofstress.Correspondingly,teacher

burnoutwasdeterminedthroughsurveyresults.

Investigatorsfoundthatinclassroomsinwhichteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotional

exhaustion,students'cortisollevelswereelevated（提升）.Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhave

beenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.ThestudyappearsinthejoumalSocialScience

&Medicine.''Thissuggeststhatstresscontagion（蔓延）mightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsand

theirteacher