浙江卷 阅读B篇24-26题：阅读理解说明文-2021年高考英语（原卷版）

题号押题2

浙江卷B篇第24—26题：阅读理解说明文

R真题回顾H

Passagel2018.11浙江卷阅读理解B篇第24-26题

ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetofffbrgrandparents9homes,sleep-

awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn'talwaysbeenabirthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.

BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars（日历），neitherofwhichincludedasummer

vacation.Rural（农村的）schoolingwasdividedintosuimnerandwintertenns,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththe

farmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48

weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquarter.

Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutof

concernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.

Summerappearedastheobvioustimefbrabreak：itofferedarestfbrteachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarand

reduceddoctors9concernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.

Butpeople'sopinionaboutthemodemU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexperts

sayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskills

andgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreports

publishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimeto

internships（实习）orstudy,there'sstillroomfbraninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.

24.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?

A.Enjoyasummervacation.

B.Takeabreakeachquarto.

C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.

D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.

25.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?

A.Theyintroducedsummervacation.

B.Theyshortenedruralschooltenns.

C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.

D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayfbrteachers.

26.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodemU.S.schoolyear?

A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.

C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.

Passage22020」浙江卷阅读理解B篇24-26题

Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice-free一byspreadingonthemcheese

brine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.

Wisconsin,alsocalled“America'sDairyland,isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsof

cheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof（处置）thebrinecanbeexpensive.

Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?

Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater'sfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt（融化）.

Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheese

brinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.

Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatall

therocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchloride,thesamecompound（化合物）inordinarytablesalt.Soundsharmless,right?

Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsof

saltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwater,harmplants,andeat

awaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt,Milwaukeemaybeabletocutits

rocksaltuseby30percent.

Cheesebrinehasadownsidetoo—asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk."Idon'treallymindit,“EmilNorbytold

ModemFarmermagazine.HeworksfbroneofWisconsin'scountyhighwaycommissionsandcameupwiththe

ideaofusingcheesebrine."OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin!^^hesaid.

24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice-free?

A.Itissoft.B.Itcontainssalt.

C.Itiswarm.D.Ithasmilkinit.

25.Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?

A.Improvingairquality.B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.

C.Reducingwaterpollution.D.Savingthecheeseindustry.

26.Milwaukee'snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof.

A.barkingupthewrongtree

B.puttingthecartbeforethehorse

C.robbingPetertopayPaul

D.killingtwobirdswithonestone

Passage32020.7浙江卷阅读理解B篇24-26题

ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthof

greentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140

seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushit

downto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.

Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaround

theUS:intersection（十字路口）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownas

adaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.

"Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,saysAlexStevanovic,a

researcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.

ForallofBellevue'ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearch

engineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularly

beneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwill

makeameaningfuldifference."It'snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsfbr

smallercities,“hesays.

InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthe

past,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevue

TransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermaking

theirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.

C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.

26.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?

A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.

B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.

C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.

D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.

27.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?

A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.

C.Ipaystoputtheoryintopractice.D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.

（命题探究X

所谓科技说明文，就是指研究自然科学与技术的文章。说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文

体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采用总

分、递进等方式按一定的顺序（如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。说明文的特点是客观、简练、

语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解

事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。最近三年年，说明文的出现变化不大，一

直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面

的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中

相对比较难的，通常后置。阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说明文的词汇

和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考

纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，同位语、

下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明）

等。

（解题秘籍H

说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特

征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数

字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。

•数字说明文

在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。

•解释说明文

解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会

解决what,how,why等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的

主题。

•比较说明文

比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一

个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。

推理判断题

做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确

的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发

挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，

运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调

（如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等）。这类试题常以如下句式发问：

①Whatcanyouconclude/implyfromthispassage?

②What'stheauthor'sattitude（态度）towards...?

③Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat...

总之，为提高阅读理解能力，在阅读时应抓中心思想，作者意图及关键词语，运用联想，比较，归

纳，推测等方法，得出最佳结论，选择最佳答案，不能主观臆测，把自己的观点强加进去，与文章的观点

混为一谈。

经过长时间有计划,有目的的系统训练，使学生加快阅读速度，提高阅读的正确性，使两者有机地

统一起来，以提高学生阅读英语和运用英语进行交际的能力，为继续学习和运用英语切实打好基础.阅读是

一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。我们只有进行大量的课内外阅读，掌握一定的阅读技巧，正确运用阅读

方法，才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。

（押题冲关X

Passaagel（2020•河北5月模拟，C）Onarecentday,KatieBaldwintookabreakfromwork

totalkaboutmovingfromawealthyneighborhoodnearNewYorkCitytoanorganicfannonLongIsland.

“FarmingforwhereIgrewupwasaveryunusualcareerchoice,“saidthe32yearoldAmerican，”buteverybody

belongstothelandintheirownway.Noneofusshouldfeelseparatefromit.”

KatiewasraisedinanuppermiddleclasstownoutsideNewYork,wheremostpeopleneverthoughtaboutworking

onafarm.Today,Katiegrowspotatoes,wheatandothercropsatQuailHill,apropertyinAmagansett,NewYork.

IntheUnitedStates,organicfarmingisagrowingindustry.Womenoperatesomeofthebestknownorganicfarms

onLongIsland.Womenmakeupalittlemorethan37percentofallorganicfarmersnationwide.Thatinfbnnation

comesfromtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture（USDA）.Expertspredictwomen*sshareinfarmingis

likelytocontinuetogrow.

“Thenewyoungfarmerschooseorganicfarmingwiththeirdesiretohaveaninfluenceonsociety,“Katieand

severalfarmerssaid.Shesaid,“Theyarechoosingittoprotectnaturalresourcesfbrfuturegenerations,tofight

climatechange,tofeedtheircommunityongoodandhealthyfood.

“NewYorkhasabout1,000certifiedorganicfarms,makingitthethirdlargestinthecountry,andCaliforniaand

Wisconsinarethefirstandsecond,“theUSDAsays.Theseformsmakeupnearlyfourpercentofthestate's

farmland,comparedwithanationalaverageofaround0.6percent.

Althoughorganicfarmingisgrowingquickly,itcomeswithhighlaborcostsandsometimessmallerharveststhan

commercialfanning.Soitcanbeadifficultbusinessfbrnewfanners."WhenIlooknowatthestartingofthe

farm,itseemsreallyaudacious,“KatieBaldwinsaid."Butinthatenvironmentsin2008,everybodyhadlost

theirjobsandthereweren*tjobs.So,itdidn*tfeelstrangetostartsomething,shesaid.

1.WhatdoesKatiethinkofworkingattheorganicfarm?

A.It'sunacceptable.B.Ifsworthwhile.

C.It'sunforgettable.D.Ifschallenging.

2.Whydotheyoungpeoplewanttoworkasfarmers?

A.Tofindasuitablejob

B.Toearnhealthyfood.

C.Tostopclimatechange.

D.Tohelpthesocietydevelop.

3.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"audacious"inthelastparagraph?

A.hopefulB.dangerous

C.daringD.reasonable

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Americanwomenaregoodatorganicfarming.

B.Organicfarmingwillbecomeagoodemployment.

C.ManyAmericancommunitieslackabundantfood.

D.Startingorganicfarmingneedscarefulconsideration.

Passage?2021厦门模拟

Peopledonotlikebeingseparatedfromtheirmobilephones,evenwhileenjoyingarestfulholidayatthebeach.

However,thephonebattery（电池）maybecomeexhaustedcompletely.Ifthathappens,theyhavenochoicebutto

connectthephonetothepowersupply.Butit'simpossibletogetthebatterycharged（充电）atthebeach.Whafs

worse,thehotsunisshiningrightoverhead,andthewaterinthebottleissuretoreachaveryhightemperature.

AntoineSayah,auniversitystudentfromLebanon,developedaspecialbeachmatcalledtheBeachill.Itlooks

similartotheordinarybeachmatandwillcausebackpainaswell.However,thedevicecanrechargeanymobile

phone.Itisdesignedtobewater-resistant（防水的）andhasa5-wattsolarpanel,whichprovidespowercontinuously.

Thematalsohastherefrigerationequipmentthatcanhelpkeepdrinkscool,justliketherefrigerator.

AntoineSayahbegansellingtheBeachillontheInternetfor$150.Hesayshehasbeensuiprisedatthereaction

worldwide.t4IhavegotordersfbrthedevicefromBrazil,Toronto,alloverEurope,especiallyFrance,America,

fromallcontinents.^^TheBeachillisalsogainingpopularityinotherplaces,likeswimmingpoolsandboats.

Somepeoplelikethematbecauseitislightweightandeasy-to-carry.RitaMathieuboughtoneoftheBeachills.

“WhenIamonthebeach,Iusedtolookaroundforachargerandnevermanagedtofindanyandthewaternever

stayscool,^^shesays."Sothiskindofbeachmatiswonderfulandhaseverythinginit,evenapocketwhereIcan

putabook.Thankstoit,IcansurftheInternetandkeepintouchwithfriendsatanytimeatthebeach.^^

5.Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto.

A.showgreatpityforpeopleatthebeach

B.attractthereaders5interestinthesubject

C.providesomekeyfactsaboutmobilephones

D.provetheimportanceofwaterinhotweather

6.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeachill?

A.Itisquiteunusualinappearance.

B.Itwillstopworkinginthewater.

C.Ithassomefunctionoftherefrigerator.

D.Itfunctionsmoreeffectivelythanordinaryones.

7.RitaMathieuismentionedtoprovetheBeachiirs.

A.popularityB.convenience

C.goodqualityD.lowprice

8.Thetextiswrittento.

A.tellpeopleanewwaytogetacolddrink

B.askpeopletostopusingphonesatthebeach

C.encouragepeopletotravelaroundtheworld

D.introduceabeachmatthatcanchargeaphone

Passage3（2020•湖北襄阳四中3月检测，D）Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestoincrease,

sodoestheamountofglobalwastepeopleproduce.AccordingtodatacollectedbytheWorldBankGroup,nations

willgenerate4billiontonsofwasteannuallybytheyear2100.Thepollutionfromtrashisnotonlyruiningthe

world'soceans,airandsoilbutendangeringalllivingcreatures.

Foryearsgovernmentagencieshavebeentellingcitizenstoliveazerowastelifestyle.Traditionally,manufacturers

wouldmakeaproducttobeusedandthrownbyconsumers.Thislinearmodelofproductionofferednohelpinthe

fightagainstglobalwaste.Alternatively,acirculareconomyhasbeenintroduced.Thisisasystemwhichaimsto

minimizewasteandrestoreusedmaterials.Onceaproduct'svalueisexhausted,thematerialsarerecycledand

returnedtomanufacturers.Theoutcomeislesswaste.

In2016,TheWallStreetJournalreportedonTaiwanIsland'srecyclingsuccessrateinanarticletitledTheWorlds

GeniusesofGarbageDisposal.In1997,Taiwanestablisheditssignature4inlRecyclingProgram,consistingof

communities,recyclingenterprises,governmentcleaningteamsandtheRecyclingFund.Residentsseparatetheir

recyclablewasteandbringittotheircommunity'srecyclinglocations.Thelocalgovernmentcollectionteamsand

privatecollectorscollectit.Recyclingcompaniesbuywastematerialsfromthemtogenerateprofits.Importersand

manufacturerswhoareresponsiblefortherecyclableproductspayafeeintotheRecyclingFund.TheRecycling

Fundisanessentialaspectoftheprogramusedtosubsidize（资助）therecyclingdisposalsystem,supporteducation,

researchanddevelopmentaswellasfinancerecyclingeffortsinthefuture.

Byfollowingacircularsystem,moreproductsthaneverarebeingmanufacturedusingrecycledmaterials.For

example,usedtirescanberecoveredtopaveroads,whileplasticisreusedtomakenewplasticproducts.Andit

alsohelpstoconservenaturalresources,reducepollution,savelandfillspaceandevencreatenewjobopportunities.

9.Whyhasacirculareconomybeenintroduced?

A.Thepopulationisontherise.

B.Itcanhelphandleglobalwaste.

C.Thelivingcreaturesontheeartharegettinglessdiverse.

D.Traditionalproductsarenotenvironmentallyfriendly.

10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe4inlRecyclingProgram?

A.Therecyclablematerialscanbecollectedofficiallyorprivately.

B.Theimportersandmanufacturerscoverthecostsoftheprogram.

C.Recyclingcompaniesbuywastematerialsfromtheresidents.

D.Thegovernmentinvestsmoneyastherecyclingfund.

11.Whafstheeffectofthecircularsystem?

A.Itwillcausenowasteorpollution.

B.Itreducesthecostsoftheproducts.

C.Ithelpslowertheunemploymentrate.

D.Allthematerialscanberecycledagain.

12.Whichofthefollowingdoesthetextsuggest?

A.Donothingbyhalves.

B.Allthatglistersisn'tgold.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Oneman*strashisanotherman'streasure.

Passage4(2019湖南三湘名校联考，D)DutchofficialstoastedonTuesdaytheopeningof

whatisbeingcalledtheworld'sfirst3Dprintedconcretebridge,whichismeanttobeusedbycyclists.Therewas

applauseasofficialswearinghardhatsandworkmen'sjacketsrodeoverthebridgeontheirbikesattheopening

ceremonyinthesoutheasterntownofGemert.

“Thebridgeisnotverybig,butitwasrolledoutbyaprinterwhichmakesitunique,“TheoSalet,fromthe

EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,toldDutchbroadcasterNOS.Workonprintingthebridge,whichhassome

800layers,tookaboutthreemonthsafterstartinginJuneanditismadeofprestressedconcrete,accordingtothe

university."Oneoftheadvantagesofprintingabridgeisthatmuchlessconcreteisneededthanintheconventional

techniqueinwhichamouldisfilled,witsaidonitswebsite,addinguaprinterdepositstheconcreteonlywhere

itisneed