濮阳市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语（解析版）

濮阳市2021-2022学年下学期学业质量监测高二英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIt’sthenoisiesthouseInthewholeofourtown,There’sdoorsalwaysslamming,(bang-bang-bang)Andthingsfallingdown.There’smydad,whokeepsshouting,Andmymum,whobreaksthings,Thebaby(who’llbiteyou!)Andourdogrunningrings.There’smysisterthescreamer(theloudestspeaker)Andmybrotherwhoroars(吼叫),Andagrandpawho’sstonedeaf.(He’stheonewhoslamsdoors).Socomedowntoourhouse,Youdon’tneedtheaddress,You’llhearittenmilesawayAndtheoutside’samess.Youwon’tmindtheracket(吵闹),You’lljustlovethedin(喧器).Forthere’sneveradullmomentInthehousewelivein!1.What’sprobablythetext?A.Astory. B.Aplay. C.Apoem. D.Aletter.2.Whydoesthewritersay“Youdon’tneedtheaddress”?A.Becausenoisescanleadyoutothehouse. B.Becauseyouhavecometothehousebefore.CBecausenoonewouldliketovisitthehouse. D.Becausethereisnoaddressforthehouseatall.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastpartofthetext?A.Thereistoomuchnoiseinthehouse. B.Thenoisedriveseveryonecrazy.CThelifeinthehouseseemsboring. D.Thewriterenjoysthe“noisy”home.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇诗歌类的记叙文。主要讲述了作者介绍自己的家，并且表达了自己对于家的热爱。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及文章的篇章结构，故可推知，这篇文章可能是一篇诗歌类文章。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第五、六、七行“Youdon’tneedtheaddress,You’llhearittenmilesawayAndtheoutside’samess.”（你不需要地址，你在十英里外就能听到外面一片混乱。）可知，作者说“你不需要地址”是因为噪音会把你带到房子里。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后四行“Youwon’tmindtheracket,You’lljustlovethedin.Forthere’sneveradullmomentInthehousewelivein!”（你不会介意吵闹，你只会喜欢喧嚣。因为在我们住的房子里，从来没有无聊的时刻！）故可推知，这位作家喜欢“嘈杂”的家。故选D项。BArtmuseumscanbefoundinmostlargecities.However,certaincitieshavealotmoreverypopularartmuseumsthanotherplaces.Artmuseumsdonothaveratings(等级)thewayfinehotelsorrestaurantsdo.Butwecancomparemuseumsbythenumberofyearlyvisitorsinordertoratethem.Inonesuchcomparisondonein2021,onlyartmuseumshavingonemillionvisitorsormorewereincluded.StartingintheUS,NewYorkCityhasthreetop-ratedmuseums.TheMethadmorethan6millionvisitorsfortheyear.Thattotal,addedtothetotaloftheothertwomuseums,gaveNewYorkCity10.5millionvisitorsin2021.Nextonthelist,withjusttwoofthecity’sartmuseumsbringinginmorethanonemillionvisitors,isBeijing,China.ThemuseuminsidethelargestpalaceinBeijinghad14millionvisitorsfortheyear.ThetotalnumberofvisitorstoBeijing’stwoartmuseumswasabout15million.Europehadthegreatestnumberoftop-ratedartmuseums.Parishadfiveofthosemuseums.TheLouvre,withmanyworldfamousworksofartinit,hadmorethan9millionvisitors.ThetotalnumberofvisitorstothetopfiveartmuseumsinPariswasalittlemorethan19million.Thecitywiththemosttop-ratedartmuseumswasLondon,withnine.TheBritishMuseumalonehadalmost7millionvisitorsin2021.ThetotalofallninemuseumsinLondonwas29millionvisitors.Youcanfindgreatartanywhere.Butifyoureallywanttohavethegreatestchoiceofmuseums,Londonistheplacetogo.4.Whatisusedtocompareandrateartmuseums?A.Ratingsbyanartexpert. B.Numberofpeopleinthecity.C.Totalnumberofexhibits. D.Totalnumberofyearlyvisitors.5.Howmanytop-ratedartmuseumsdidBeijinghave?A.Two. B.Three. C.Five. D.Six.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLondonfromthetext?A.Ithadthehighesttotaloftopmuseums. B.Ithadtheoldestartmuseumworldwide.C.Ithadthebestartmuseumsforhistory. D.Ithadthegreatestworldfamousartworks.7.What’sthistextabout?A.Citieswiththemostartists. B.Citieswithpopularartmuseums.C.Citieswiththebestart. D.Citieswithbeautifulbuildings.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地2021年参观人数超过100万的顶级艺术博物馆。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Butwecancomparemuseumsbythenumberofyearlyvisitorsinordertoratethem.(但我们可以通过每年参观博物馆的游客人数来对它们进行比较，以便对它们进行评级。)”可知，在对博物馆进行比较和评级时，参照的是每年的参观总人数。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段的第一句“Nextonthelist,withjusttwoofthecity’sartmuseumsbringinginmorethanonemillionvisitors,isBeijing,China.(紧随其后的是中国北京，该市只有两家艺术博物馆的游客人数超过100万。)”可知，北京有两家顶级艺术博物馆。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段的第一句“Thecitywiththemosttop-ratedartmuseumswasLondon,withnine.(拥有最多顶级艺术博物馆的城市是伦敦，有9家。)”可知，伦敦拥有最多顶级博物馆。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章分别介绍了美国、中国和欧洲拥有顶级艺术博物馆的城市，因此推断本文主要讲述拥有受欢迎的艺术博物馆的城市。故选B项。CJellyfish(水母)arebadlynamed.Theyareneitherafishnormadeofjelly.Instead,theirbodiesaremadeupof95%waterand5%solidmatter.Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.Therefore,theyareolderthandinosaurs.Surprisingly,theydon’thaveabrain,aheart,orlungs.Youmaywonderhowtheycanpossiblysurvivewithoutthesevitalorgans,buteverythingisforthebest.Theydon’thavelungsbecausetheirskinissothinthattheycanabsorboxygenthroughit.Theydon’tneedahearttopumpbloodbecausetheydon’thaveany.Andtheyhaveanervenet—whichissensitivetotouch—belowtheirouterskin.Theyrespondtothechangesintheirenvironmentusingsignalsfromthenervenet,sotheydon’tneedabraintoprocesscomplexthoughts.Theirvarietyisnearlyendless.Mostofthemareumbrella-shapedandhavetentacles(触角).Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.However,theynevergettangled(缠结)uporsting(蜇)themselves.That’sbecausethetentaclesareveryslipperyandwillonlystingotheranimals.Mostjellyfishhavelittleornovision,buttheycandiscoverlightandoceancurrents,whichhelpsthemtofindtheirwayandmove.Afewspeciescanalsorecognizecolorandhavea360-degreeviewoftheirenvironment.Jellyfishcomeinallsizes,from0.5millimeterstothegiantNomura’sjellyfish,whichcanmeasureuptotwometersindiameterandweighover200kilograms.Whilejellyfisharebeautiful,theycanalsobedangerous.Somejellyfishtoxins(毒素)canbedeadlytohumans,suchasthosefromtheboxjellyfishandtheAustralianIrukandji,butdeathsarerelativelyraregiventhenumberofjellyfish-stingvictimseveryyear.Inanycase,it’sbettertostayoutofthewayofanyjellyfishyoumaysee!Youcangoswimmingwithdolphins,butyoudefinitelywanttothinktwicebeforeswimmingwithjellyfish.8.Whatdoes“everythingisforthebest”inparagraph1mean?A.Oceancreatureswithoutvitalorgansdon’tlielong.B.Jellyfishlivejustfinewithwhattheynaturallyhave.C.Jellyfishliveintheoceanbecauseeverythingissuitable.D.Thenumerousoceanspeciesmakelifeprettyeasyforjellyfish.9.Howlonghavejellyfishlivedonourplanet?A.Morethan500,000,000years. B.Atleast5,000,000,000years.C.Roughly50,000,000years. D.Lessthan5,000,000years.10.WhichofthefollowingtopicsaboutjellyfishisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Theirsize. B.Theirtoxicity. C.Theirdiets. D.Theirappearance.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheOldestCreatureintheWorld B.Jellyfish—BeautifulandDangerousC.HaveFunSwimmingwithJellyfish D.HowJellyfishSurvivedDinosaurs【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种在地球上生存长达5亿年的一种海洋生物——水母。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly,theydon’thaveabrain,aheart,orlungs.Youmaywonderhowtheycanpossiblysurvivewithoutthesevitalorgans”（令人惊讶的是，它们没有大脑、心脏或肺。你可能会想，没有这些重要器官，它们怎么可能生存下来）和but形成的转折，以及下文中“Theydon’thavelungsbecausetheirskinissothinthattheycanabsorboxygenthroughit.Theydon’tneedahearttopumpbloodbecausetheydon’thaveany.Andtheyhaveanervenet—whichissensitivetotouch—belowtheirouterskin.Theyrespondtothechangesintheirenvironmentusingsignalsfromthenervenet,sotheydon’tneedabraintoprocesscomplexthoughts.”（他们不需要心脏来泵血，因为他们没有心脏。它们的外层皮肤下面有一个神经网络，对触摸很敏感。它们利用神经网络的信号对环境的变化做出反应，所以它们不需要大脑来处理复杂的想法。）详细的说明，故可猜测，“everythingisforthebest”意为着水母在自然条件下生活得很好。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.Therefore,theyareolderthandinosaurs.”（它们已经存在了至少5亿年。因此，它们比恐龙还要古老。）可知，水母在我们的星球上生活了超过5亿年。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theirvarietyisnearlyendless.Mostofthemareumbrella-shapedandhavetentacles.Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.”（它们的种类几乎是无穷无尽的。它们大多呈伞状，并有触角。有些水母有很长的触须。）以及第三段中“Jellyfishcomeinallsizes,from0.5millimeterstothegiantNomura’sjellyfish,whichcanmeasureuptotwometersindiameterandweighover200kilograms.Whilejellyfisharebeautiful,theycanalsobedangerous.Somejellyfishtoxinscanbedeadlytohumans”（水母有各种各样的尺寸，从0.5毫米到巨大的野村水母，直径可达两米，重量超过200公斤。虽然水母很漂亮，但它们也可能很危险。有些水母毒素对人类是致命的。）可知，文章分别提到了水母的外观，尺寸，和有毒的特性。并没有提到水母的饮食方面的内容。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Whilejellyfisharebeautiful,theycanalsobedangerous.Somejellyfishtoxinscanbedeadlytohumans,suchasthosefromtheboxjellyfishandtheAustralianIrukandji,butdeathsarerelativelyraregiventhenumberofjellyfish-stingvictimseveryyear.Inanycase,it’sbettertostayoutofthewayofanyjellyfishyoumaysee!Youcangoswimmingwithdolphins,butyoudefinitelywanttothinktwicebeforeswimmingwithjellyfish.”（虽然水母很漂亮，但它们也可能很危险。有些水母毒素对人类是致命的，比如箱形水母和澳大利亚的伊鲁坎吉水母，但考虑到每年被水母蜇伤的受害者数量，死亡人数相对较少。在任何情况下，最好远离你可能看到的水母!你可以和海豚一起游泳，但和水母一起游泳前一定要三思。）可知，文章最好的标题为“水母——美丽而危险”。故选B项。DSagarikaSriramwasjust10yearsoldwhenshestartedreadingnewspaperstoriesaboutaplanetintrouble.Onestorywasaboutawhalethatwashedashoreafteranoilspill(泄露).Anotherwasaboutturtlesfoundwithplasticintheirstomachs.Sagarikaknewsheneededtodosomething.SoshejoinedagroupthatorganizedcleanupcampaignsinDubai,herhomecity,intheUnitedArabEmirates.Theexperience,shesays,“helpedmeunderstandwhatanindividual(个人的)candoandhowIcanreallymakeadifference.”Butindividualpowerisgreatestonalargerscale(程度).Soin2016,SagarikacreatedKidsforaBetterWorld.It’sadigitalplatformthathasbroughttogethernearly10,000youthsfromallovertheworld.Itsgoalistofightclimatechange.Sagarikaisnow16.She’spartofagrowingbodyofyoungclimateactivistswhoareworkingtogetherinthenameofacleaner,healthierfuture.“We’rethegenerationthatisgoingtofacetheconsequencesiftheclimatecrisisisnotdealtwith,”Sagarikasays.Shebelievesevensmallindividualactionscancreatea“rippleeffect”,promotingdevelopmentintherightdirection.“Changecanbecreatedonlargelevelswithevensmallactions.”shesays.KidsforaBetterWorldisforpeopleages8to16.Theplatformteachesthemaboutwhattheycandoathomeandintheircommunitytoreverse(反转)climatechange.Theycangrowfoodorplanttrees.Theycancollectrecyclablesandavoidusingplasticbags.ThesearelessonsSagarikawantsschoolstoteach.“Thisistheinformationwhichcanhelpchangeourfuture.”shesays.GrowingupinalargedesertcityhasmadeSagarikaevenmoreawareoftheneedforaction.Hercityfacesrisksfromrisingtemperaturesandshrinkingwatersupplies.Shebelievesyouthadvocacy(倡议)canbringattentiontotheseenvironmentalchallenges.Evenifshe’sallaboutsmallactions,Sagarikahasbigplans.She’dliketostudyatStanfordUniversity,inCalifornia.Andwhileshe’sthere,she’llcontinuebeinganactivistandrunningKidsforaBetterWorld.Sagarikahopestoinspireotherstofightforagreenerplanet,asothershaveinspiredher.“We’recreatingourownsystemofinspirationalchange-makers.”shesays.12.WhathelpedSagarikarealizeherindividualpower?A.Thedisturbingnewsstories. B.Thelessonsinherownschool.C.Herdeterminationtogetridofseawaste. D.Herexperiencewithenvironmentalactivities.13.Whatdoes“ripple”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Reducingquickly. B.Spreadinggradually.C.Shakingviolently. D.Attractingslowly.14.WhatdoesKidsforaBetterWorlddotoachieveitsgoal?A.Itdesignslessonsforschools. B.Itbanstheuseofplasticbags.C.Itencourageskidstostartsmall. D.Itaskspeopletogrowtreesindeserts.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutSagarikafromthelastparagraph?A.She’llrunformayorofherhomecity. B.She’llstoprunningKidsforaBetterWorld.C.She’llinspiremoretofightforagreenerEarth. D.She’llattendthemostfamousuniversityinhercountry.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了SagarikaSriram，这位女孩从10岁起就开始关注气候与环境问题，并在16岁时创立了数字平台KidsforaBetterWorld，呼吁全世界的青少年致力于对抗气候变化。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sagarikaknewsheneededtodosomething.SoshejoinedagroupthatorganizedcleanupcampaignsinDubai,herhomecity,intheUnitedArabEmirates.Theexperience,shesays,“helpedmeunderstandwhatanindividual(个人的)candoandhowIcanreallymakeadifference.”(Sagarika知道她需要做些什么。所以她参加了一个组织清扫活动的团体，该团体就在阿联酋的迪拜，她的家乡。这段经历，她说道：“帮助我理解了个人能做些什么以及我如何才能有所作为”)”可知，正是在迪拜的团队经历让Sagarika认识到了自身的力量及如何去产生影响。故选D项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Shebelievesevensmallindividualactionscancreatea“rippleeffect”,promotingdevelopmentintherightdirection.(她相信即使是个人微小的行动也能创造一种“ripple效果”，促成正确方向上的发展)”可知，Sagarika在这里要表达的意思和下一句引述她的话一样，都用even一词表达出“一石激起千层浪”的意思，ripple在这里修饰effect，应该指个人行动有了反响、逐渐传播影响到更大的范围。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theplatformteachesthemaboutwhattheycandoathomeandintheircommunitytoreverse(反转)climatechange.Theycangrowfoodorplanttrees.Theycancollectrecyclablesandavoidusingplasticbags.(该平台教导他们在家中和社区能做哪些事情来反转气候变化)”可知，数字平台KidsforaBetterWorld就是通过教青少年做身边一些力所能及的小事来达成目的、反转气候变化的，这与Sagarika在第三段中陈述的理念是相符的。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sagarikahopestoinspireotherstofightforagreenerplanet,asothershaveinspiredher.“We’recreatingourownsystemofinspirationalchange-makers.”shesays.(Sagarika希望能鼓舞其他人来为更绿色的地球而战斗，就像其他人鼓舞她那样。“我们正在创造自己的鼓舞人心的改变制造者系统”她说道)”可知，Sagarika希望鼓励更多人参与到让地球变得更绿色的行列中，并且也在为此付出行动。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Probablyyougrewupwithastop-snackingmom.Thatisamomwhotellsherkidsthatsnacks(零食)arebad.Theywillmakeyoufat.Theywillhurtyourteeth.Well,Mommayberightaboutmostthings,butsheisn’trightaboutallsnacks.Thereisactuallyahealthywaytosnack.____16____!Therightsnackscankeepyoufromeatingtoomuchatdinnerandkeepyoufromgettingfat.Thefirstruleaboutsnackingistomakeyourown.Don’tbuysnacksthatarealreadywrappedandsoldinstores.____17____Thesecondruleaboutsnackingistoeatthingsthattakelongerforyourbodytoprocess.Thingslikebreadandcrackers(饼干)areprocessedquicklybyyourbody.____18____,andyou’vegotawinningsnack.____19____.Especiallywhenyouareworking,itiseasytomistakebeingtiredforbeinghungry.Andyoumightnotreallybehungryatall.Yourbodymightjustbetryingtotellyoutodrinksomewater.Haveabottleofwaterbeforeyoupulloutanothersnack.Thatmightbeallyoureallyneed.Withoneortwosnackbreaksduringyourday,youwillprobablyfindthatyoueatlessatlunchanddinner.____20____.Andeatinglessisagreatwaytostartlosingweight.Sorryaboutthat,Mom.A.ThethirdruleaboutsnackingistorememberwaterB.HavesomecheeseoryogurttogoalongwithsomebreadC.ThemostimportantruleisavoidsnackswhenhungryD.Infact,snackingtherightwaycankeepyouhealthierE.TryfreshordriedfruitwhichmakesidealsnacksF.MostofthosesnackshavetoomuchsugarandsaltinthemG.Smallermealswillhelpyoucutdowntheamountoffoodyoueatduringyourday【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.A20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述如何正确吃零食才健康。【16题详解】根据下文“Therightsnackscankeepyoufromeatingtoomuchatdinnerandkeepyoufromgettingfat.(正确的零食可以防止你在晚餐时吃太多，防止你变胖)”可知，适当的零食对健康有好处，D项“事实上，正确的吃零食方式可以让你更健康”符合语境，故选D项。【17题详解】根据上文“Don’tbuysnacksthatarealreadywrappedandsoldinstores.(不要购买已经包装好并在商店里出售零食)”可知，此处建议不要购买商店出售的零食，分析选项，F项“大多数零食都含有太多的糖和盐”说明原因，符合语境，且F项中的them指代上文的“snacksthatarealreadywrappedandsoldinstores”。故选F项。【18题详解】根据上文“Thingslikebreadandcrackers(饼干)areprocessedquicklybyyourbody.(像面包和饼干这样的东西会被你的身体快速消化)”可知，面包和饼干这样的食物会很快被消化掉，结合下文“andyou’vegotawinningsnack(你就得到了一份不错的零食)”可知，空处应是描述在吃面包和饼干这样的食物时搭配其他东西，这样就是一份不错的零食了。B项“把面包和一些奶酪或酸奶一起吃”符合语境。故选B项。【19题详解】空处是本段主题句，根据本段中“Haveabottleofwaterbeforeyoupulloutanothersnack.(在你拿出另一份零食之前，先喝一瓶水)”可知，本段主要讲述吃零食时要喝些水，A项“吃零食的第三个原则是记得喝水”符合语境，故选A项。【20题详解】根据上文“Withoneortwosnackbreaksduringyourday,youwillprobablyfindthatyoueatlessatlunchanddinner.(一天中有一两顿零食间隙时间，你可能会发现你在午餐和晚餐吃得少了)”可知，下文应是讲述这样做的好处，G项“少食可以帮助你减少一天的食量”符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IfyoulookupPayPal,SpaceX,andTesla,you’llfindsomethinginteresting.Youcan____21____onepersontoallofthoseverysuccessfulcompanies.Thatpersonis____22____andbusinessmanElonMusk.He’sfamousallovertheworld,andhe’salsofullof____23____.Asachild,Muskspenthisdays____24____upthingstoinvent.Often,hewasso____25____inhisdaydreamsthathedidn’thearhisparentscallinghim.Theyevenhadadoctortesthis____26____becausetheyfearedthathewasdeaf.Musk’s____27____inventionwasavideogame.He____28____ittoacomputermagazinefor$500whenhewas12.Thateventreally____29____hislife,andsodidhisloveofreading.ElonMuskreadalot_____30_____akid.He_____31_____lovedsciencefiction,fantasy,andcomicbooks.Fromthem,he_____32_____aboutspace,theuniverse,anddifferentworlds.Healsosawhowtheheroesalwaysfelta_____33_____tosavetheirworlds.Thebookshadahugeinfluenceonhowhe_____34_____theworld.Theygavehimfantasticideassuchastravelinginspaceand_____35_____onotherplanets.Theyalsotaughthimtobebraverandmorewillingtotake_____36_____._____37_____,thebiggestthinghediscoveredwaslearningtoaskthe_____38_____questions.ForMusk,therightquestionwasclear—whatthingswouldchangetheworldandits_____39_____?AsyoucanseefromMusk’scompanies,he’s_____40_____workingonthosethings.21.A.lead B.add C.link D.include22.A.inventor B.politician C.writer D.professor23.A.adventures B.surprises C.love D.fun24.A.making B.setting C.looking D.dreaming25.A.lost B.busy C.stuck D.disappointed26.A.fitness B.ability C.eyesight D.hearing27.A.biggest B.first C.latest D.successful28.A.presented B.showed C.sold D.applied29.A.influenced B.saved C.ended D.rebuilt30.A.for B.as C.with D.around31.A.simply B.probably C.especially D.actually32.A.spokeout B.pointedout C.foundout D.wentout33.A.duty B.right C.challenge D.reason34.A.created B.controlled C.ruled D.viewed35.A.settling B.depending C.focusing D.researching36.A.classes B.turns C.risks D.orders37.A.Therefore B.Besides C.Moreover D.However38.A.good B.right C.real D.basic39.A.role B.future C.history D.power40.A.also B.only C.even D.already【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.C32.C33.A34.D35.A36.C37.D38.B39.B40.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了PayPal，SpaceX和Tesla等公司背后的发明家ElonMusk给人们带来了诸多惊喜，而他所有的成就都源自对于阅读的热爱。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以把一个人和所有那些非常成功的公司联系起来。A.lead带领；B.add增加；C.link联系；D.include包括。根据最后一段“AsyoucanseefromMusk’scompanies,he’s____20____workingonthosethings.”可知，这些公司都和这个人相关，也就是可以将这些公司和这个人联系在一起。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个人就是发明家和商人埃隆·马斯克。A.inventor发明家；B.politician政治家；C.writer作家；D.professor教授。根据下文“Asachild,Muskspenthisdays____4____upthingstoinvent.”可知，他从小就爱发明。以及全文可知，他发明了很多东西。所以他是个发明家。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在世界各地都很有名，而且他本人也总是给人们带来惊喜。A.adventures探险；B.surprises惊喜；C.love热爱；D.fun乐趣。根据下文可知，他发明了很多东西，所以他总是给人们带来惊喜。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：还是个孩子的时候，马斯克就整天幻想着可以发明的东西。A.making制造；B.setting设定；C.looking看；D.dreaming梦想。根据下文“Often,hewasso____5____inhisdaydreamsthathedidn’thearhisparentscallinghim.”可知，他每天都在幻想中度过。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他常常沉浸在白日梦中，听不到父母的呼唤。A.lost迷失；B.busy忙碌的；C.stuck陷在；D.disappointed失望的。考查短语：belostin（沉迷于、沉浸在），以及下文“thathedidn’thearhisparentscallinghim.”可知，他是沉浸其中。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至请医生检查他的听力，因为他们担心他是聋子。A.fitness健康；B.ability能力；C.eyesight视力；D.hearing听力。根据下文“becausetheyfearedthathewasdeaf.”可知，父母担心他是聋子，所以是检查他的听力。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马斯克的第一项发明是电子游戏。A.biggest最大的；B.first第一；C.latest最新的；D.successful成功的。根据年龄12岁，以及下文“Thateventreally____9____hislife,andsodidhisloveofreading.”可知，这是他的第一个发明。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：12岁时，他以500美元的价格卖给了一家电脑杂志。A.presented呈现；B.showed表明；C.sold卖；D.applied应用。根据下文“toacomputermagazinefor$500”可知，他是将这个发明给卖了。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事影响了他的一生，也影响了他对阅读的热爱。A.influenced影响；B.saved挽救；C.ended结束；D.rebuilt重建。根据下文“Thebookshadahugeinfluenceonhowhe____14____theworld.”可知，这件事对他有影响。故选A。【30题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小孩，埃隆·马斯克读书很多。A.for为了；B.as作为；C.with有；D.around在……附近。考查介词，根据空后的“akid”可知，是作为一个孩子。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他尤其喜欢科幻小说、奇幻小说和漫画书。A.simply仅仅；B.probably可能；C.especially尤其；D.actually事实上。根据上文“ElonMuskreadalot____10____akid.”提到他爱读书，下文指出最爱的书的种类。所以应该是特别指出爱好。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：从这些书中，他发现了空间、宇宙和不同的世界。A.spokeout说出；B.pointedout指出；C.foundout发现；D.wentout熄灭。根据空后“boutspace,theuniverse,anddifferentworlds.”可知，这些都是他从书中所了解的内容。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也看到英雄们总是觉得有责任拯救他们的世界。A.duty职责、责任；B.right权利；C.challenge挑战；D.reason理由。根据空后的“tosavetheirworlds.”可知，这是英雄的责任。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书对他看待世界的方式产生了巨大的影响。A.created创造；B.controlled控制；C.ruled统治；D.viewed看待。根据下文“Theygavehimfantasticideas,suchastravelinginspaceand____15____onotherplanets.”可知，这是他对世界的看法。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书给了他一些奇妙的想法，比如在太空旅行和在其他星球定居。A.settling定居、解决；B.depending取决于；C.focusing集中；D.researching研究。根据空前的“travelinginspace”可知，是在其他星球定居。故选A。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些书也教会了他更勇敢，更愿意冒险。A.classes班级；B.turns轮流；C.risks风险、冒险；D.orders订购。根据前面的“bebraver”可知，空处考查短语：takerisks（冒险）。因为更勇敢，所以更愿意冒险。故选C。【37题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他发现的最大的收获是学会问正确的问题。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides除此之外；C.Moreover此外；D.However但是。根据上文可知，上文介绍了阅读对他的影响，而下文则指出他从阅读中获得的最大的收获，存在轻微的转折。故选D。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他发现的最大的收获是学会问正确的问题。A.good好的；B.right对的、正确的；C.real真实的；D.basic基本的。空处为原词重现，根据下文“ForMusk,therightquestionwasclear—whatthingswouldchangetheworldandits____19____?”中的“right”可知，是学会问正确的问题。故选B。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于马斯克来说，正确的问题很明确——什么事情会改变世界及其未来?A.role角色；B.future未来；C.history历史；D.power权力。根据上文“Theygavehimfantasticideas,suchastravelinginspaceand____15____onotherplanets.”可知，这都是未来可能会发生的事。故选B。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你可以从马斯克的公司看到，他已经在做这些事情了。A.also也；B.only只有；C.even甚至；D.already已经。根据首段可知，他已经在做这样的事。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheWildRobotisanovelforyoungreadersthatwaswrittenbyPeterBrown.IttellsthestoryofRoz,arobotthatlearnstoliveamongtheanimalsona____41____(desert)island.Rozisproducedasoneoffivehundredidentical____42____(robot).Whentheirshipisdestroyedatsea,sheis____43____onlyonetosurvive.Alltheotherrobotsarebrokenorlostintheaccident.Rozwashesupontheshoreofanisland,____44____sheisfoundbyagroupofseaotters(獭).Theotters____45____(accidental)pushheractivationbutton(激活键),andRozwakesup.Theottersarefrightened,andtheyrunaway.Rozisleftalone____46____(discover)hernewhome.____47____thetimeRozlivesontheisland,shelearnstoimitatetheanimals.Shestudiestheirlanguage,gainstheirtrustandseekstheiradvicefor____48____(survive).Thisprovidesaninterestinglook____49____whatmighthappenwhentechnologyandnatureareincontactwitheachother.Thebookisdedicatedto“alltherobotsofthefuture,”anditmakes_____50_____(we)wonderifrobotslikeRozcouldeverfindaplacetobelonginourworld.【答案】41.deserted42.robots43.the44.where45.accidentally46.todiscover47.During48.survival49.at50.us【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了《野生机器人》是彼得·布朗为年轻读者写的一部小说。讲述了Roz一个机器人的故事，她学会了在一个荒岛上与动物们生活在一起。【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：它讲述了Roz的故事，一个学会了在一个荒岛上与动物们生活在一起的机器人。由island为名词可知，此处为形容词deserted“荒芜的”修饰名词island。故填deserted。【42题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：Roz是作为500个相同的机器人之一被制造出来的。由fivehundred可知，此处为名词的复数形式。故填robots。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：当他们的船在海上被摧毁时，她是唯一的幸存者。由only“唯一的”可知，此处为定冠词the+唯一性的词，为固定用法。故填the。【44题详解】考查连词。句意：Roz被冲上了一个小岛的海岸，在那里她被一群海獭发现了。分析句子可知，此处为连词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词island在从句中作地点状语。故填where。【45题详解】考查副词。句意：海獭不小心按下了她的激活按钮，Roz醒了过来。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词accidentally修饰动词push。故填accidentally。【46题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：Roz独自一人去寻找她的新家。由句意可知，此处为动词不定式todosth“去做……”作目的状语。故填todiscover。【47题详解】考查介词。句意：Roz住在岛上的这段时间里，她学会了模仿动物。由句意可知，此处为Duringthetime“在……期间”为固定搭配，满足句意。故填During。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：她学习他们的语言，获得它们的信任，并向它们寻求生存的建议。由为seeksthforsth“为某事物寻求某物”为固定短语可知，此处用名词作宾语。survival此处用作不可数名词。故填survival。【49题详解】考查介词。句意：这为我们提供了一个有趣的视角，看看当技术和自然相互接触时会发生什么。providealookatsth意为提供……视角。根据句子结构可知，空后为宾语从句，look是不及物动词，加介词at跟不能用，。故填at。【50题详解】考查代词。句意：这本书是献给“未来所有的机器人”的，它让我们怀疑，像Roz这样的机器人是否能在我们的世界找到属于自己的地方。由makes使役动词可知，此处为makesb.dosth，中间的人称代词为宾格形式。故填us。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenmyfatherboughtmeabikeIdreamedabout,IwassoexcitedthatIgotonitimmediate.However,IhadsuchapoorsenseofbalancewhichIwasn’tonforaminutebeforeIfalloff.Iwasintearandabouttogiveupwhenmyfatherputhisarmonmyshoulder,say,“Nevertosaydie!Youcanmakeit!”Then,hetookfourlongweekshisbusyworktohelpmeachievehisdream.Now,ridingabikeiseasyformeasifIcouldridewithmyeyesclosing.Myfatherhastaughtmesuchmuchthatwillstaywithmefortherestofmylife.【答案】1.immediate→immediately2.which→that3.fall→fell4.tear→tears5.say→saying6.去掉Never后的to7.在weeks后加from8.his→my9.closing→closed10.such→so

【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了父亲给我买了一辆自行车并通过教会我骑自行车这件事让我终身受益。【详解】1.考查副词。句意：当我的父亲给我买了一辆我梦想中的自行车时，我很兴奋，以致于我马上骑上了它。句