2023年中考英语二轮复习专题八-动词

专题七动词类别说明例词例句实义动词表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。有人称、数、各种时态和语态的变化实义动词数量很多，如study,learn,enjoy,eat,wash,cut等ShestudiesEnglisheveryday.她每天学英语。助动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和主要动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问向句等结构(1)be(+doing/done），用于构成进行时态或被动语态(2)do/does/did，用于构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句或否定句,也用于含有实义动词的倒装句。(3)will/shall(+do），用于构成一般将来时(4)have/has/had（+done），用于构成完成时Idon'twanttogotheretoday我今天不想去那里系动词本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，必领和表语一起构成系表结构，而且有人称数和各种时态的变化(2)状态类：be(是），seem（好像，似乎），look（看起来)，sound(听起来)，smell（用起来），taste（尝起来),feel(摸来），keep（保持），remain(保持)等(2)变化类：bee(得),get(成为,变得)，turn(变得)等Heisstrong.他很强壮。Itsoundsgreat!那听起来很棒！情态动词词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后接实义动词原形一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化常用的情态动词有can/could,maymight,will/would,must,need,haveto,shouldIcanswim.我会游泳。Ihavetogo.我得走了实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。及物动词和不及物动词类别说明用法例句及物动词（vt.）不能单独使用，后面必须加宾语，通常构成“主谓宾”句式结构主语+vt.+宾语HereachedBeijinglastnight他做完到达北京主语+vt.+宾语+宾补WecallhimBill.我们叫他比尔。IsawTomplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看见汤姆在公园里玩儿。Thestudentsalwayskeeptheirclassroomclean.我们总是保持教室干净。主语+vt.+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）MayIaskyouaquestion？我可以问你一个问题吗？Pleasepassmethebook.请把那本书递给我。不及物动词（vi.）可以单独使用，后面可以加介词组成动词短语主语+vi.Horsesrunfast.马跑得快。主语+vi.+介词+宾语Pleaselookattheblackboardandlistentomecarefully.请看黑板，仔细听我说。2.延续性动词和非延续性动词(延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live,stay,study，work,keep,teachoWehavelivedinChinasince2001.自从2001年以来，我们一直住在中国。HowlongmayIkeepthebook？一这本书我可以借多久？Youcankeepitfortwoweeks.—你可以借两周。（②非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束，如：buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive.join,so,e,catch等。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时问的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。Hearrivedherefivedaysago.他五天前到这儿的。Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用basarrived)Heboughtthesmartphonetwomonthsago.他两个月前买的这部智能。Hehashadthesmartphonefortwomonths.他买了这部智能两个月了。动词的基本形式形式构成例句动词原形词典一般给出的形式be,have,do,learn第三人称单数形式一般在动词后直接加srunruns,likelikes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加esteachteaches,washwashes,gogoes,passpasses,mixmixes以辅音宇母加y结尾的动词，先将，变成i,再加esstudystudies,carrycarries现在分词一般在动词后直接加ingreadreading,cookcooking以不发音的宇母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ingliveliving,writewriting以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且未尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后再加ingsitsitting,beginbeginning少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y，再加ingdiedying,lielying,tietying过去式和过去分词（规则变化）一般在动词后面直接加edworkworked,playplayed以字母e结尾的动词，直接加dlivelived,freefreed以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后再加edstopstopped,planplanned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i,再加edcarrycarried,studystudied丨.单项选择1.Youcan_____betweenjoiningthedancingclubandgoingtothechessclub.Iconsidergoingtothechessclub,forIlikeplayingchessbetter.2.MayI_____yourpen?Ican'tfindmine.Sure.Hereyouare.A.repairB.makeC.borrow3.HowdoyoulikethiscupofXinglongCoffee?SHIt_____reallygreat.I'dlikeanothercup.A.looksB.feelsC.tastes4.Jack,tellmehowto
thisinformation.Allright,Grandma.Youcantypeitonthiskeyboard.A.deleteB.enterC.collectD.receive5.Peopleincoldareas
_____warmcolorstocalmcolorsintheir
homes.
7.MyauntofferedmeadictionaryandI____ithappily.8.Thetrip_____reallyexcitingtome.HowIwishtogo!9.Weshould______thefriendshipthatwehavedevelopedinthepastyears.A.value10.1’llgobacktomyhometown,honey.______tobuymeaticket,please.OK,singleorreturn?A.RegretD.Remember单句填空TheInterneto____(提供)specialwaysofmunicationinourdailylife.Zhuangpeople
inGuangxioftensingand____（跳舞）duringthefestival.3.Theboy____(承诺)hewouldn'tbelateforschoolanymore.4.OurP.E.teacheroftentellsusthatwe'll____(赢)thegameifwepulltogether.5.Noonecan____(成功)withouthardwork.考点2动词短语1.DoyouknowthespacewomanWangYaping?Sure.Sheiscalledthemotherwho______thestars.outawayafterfor2.Please____thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.Beagreenerperson.offonup3.It'ssaidthattheShenzhou14astronautswillsayhellotousonMidAutumnDay.Wonderful!I'm_______it.alongwithawayfromforwardto4.Michael,________thisshirt.Oh,itlooksniceonme!ondownoff.away5.—Please_____thesedonationsforkids.OK,letmesee.Perfect!Kidshereareingreatneedoftoysandbooks.A.checkoutdownoutdown6.Insuchcheerfulconversation,thetime______alltooquickly.A.wentupdownbyback7.Howwasyourcampinginthecountrysidelastweekend?Itwasgreat.We_____atentbythelakeandhadmuchfun.upoffonin8.Eric,Ifoundawatchontheplayground.You'dbettergototheLostandFoundOfficeand__