主题语境阅读：世界与环境主题习题 2022届高考英语备考

主题语境阅读：世界与环境主题习题2022届高考英语备考

I.阅读理解

素养视角：环境问题与经济活动

Thethingsweconsume,fromphonestocarstoIKEAfurniture,havecoststhatgo

wellbeyondtheirpurchaseprice.Whatifthesoybeansusedtomakethattofuyouate

lastnightweregrowninfieldsthatwerecutoutoftropicalrainforests?Orwhatifthat

T-shirtyouboughtcamefromanindustrialareacarvedoutofhigh-valuehabitatin

Malaysia?Unlessyoubuysustainablysourcedfoodorgoods,itcanbehardtoknow

justhowconsumerspurchasesaffectgroupsofanimalsorplants—untilnow.

DanielMoranfromtheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologyand

KeiichiroKanemotofromShinshuUniversityinJapanhavedevelopedatechniquethat

allowsthemtorealizethreatstowildlifecausedbytheworldwidesupplychains.They've

usedthistechniquetocreateaseriesofworldmapsthatshowthespeciesthreathot

spotsforindividualcountries.

Theresearcherscalculatedthepercentageofthreattoananimaloraplantinone

countryduetoconsumptionofgoodsinanother.Theyfocusedon6,803animalsand

mostofthemwereeasilyhurtorindangerofdyingout.TheyfoundthatUSconsumption

causedspeciesthreathotspotsinSoutheastAsia,alsoinSouthernEurope,

throughoutCentralAmericaandintoSouthernCanada.

Theresearcherssayfindingtherelationshipbetweenconsumptionand

environmentalimpactsoffersanimportantopportunityforgovernments,companies,

andindividualstofindwaystoactagainstthemanddosomethingconnectedwithtrade

andindustry.Forexample,Indonesialocalgovernmentcanonlycontroltheproducers

whoseproductscauselossesofvariousplantsandanimalsandcuttingorburningdown

thetrees.ButiftheEUwantstolookatitsroleincausingthoseproblemsinIndonesia,

theycouldlookatthemapsandseewhatkindofimpactsEUconsumersarehavingon

thatcountryandthendecidetoadjusttheirresearchprogrammersorenvironmental

prioritiesandmakechanges.

1.Whydoestheauthorusetheexampleinparagraph1?

A.Tocallonpeopletodealwithenvironmentalproblems.

B.Toconnectenvironmentalproblemstoeconomicactivities.

C.Toreachwisedecisionsbasedonthelocalactualsituations.

D.Toseekpracticalwaystoprotecttheanimals,plantsandtrees.

2.Whatkindofcontributiondotheresearchersmake?

A.Todiscovertheeffectivemeasures.

B.Toinventanadvancedmachine.

C.Togiveareasonableexplanation.

D.Tomarkthelocationsofthespeciesthreat.

3.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change

4.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw

5.A.ThankstoB.AstoC.ExceptforD.Regardlessof

6.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful

7.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division

8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy

9.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends

10.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve

11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes

12.A.tiredofB.addictedtoC.worriedaboutD.ashamedof

13.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger

14.A.pickupB.payforC.holdontoD.throwaway

15.A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences

16.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure

17.A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands

18.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile

19.A.byB.infavorofC.afterD.insteadof

20.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising

III.语法填空

素养视角：空调简史

Thefirstpracticalcoolingsystemforuseinindustrywasinventedin19221.___Willis

CarrierinNewYork,theUSA.Hecontinuedtoimprovehis2.___(invent)and,in1928,

developedthefirstairconditionerforhomeuse.In1939,elevenyearslater,an

Americancarcompanyintroducedthefirstairconditionertocars,whichmade

3._possibleforpeopletodriveinamorecomfortableenvironment.

AfterWorldWarII,manyAmericancompaniesbeganmakingairconditionersand,

4.(begin)in1950,manyhomesintheUSA5.___(equip)withcentralair

conditioning.Centralairconditioningusesasingleunit6.(heat)orcoolawhole

house.Withthis,peoplecouldescapetheheatofsummerandthecoldofwinterdespite

thefact7._thetemperaturechangesfromseasontoseason.Inthe1970s,electricity

becamemoreandmoreexpensive,sopeopledeveloped8.__(good)airconditioners

tosavemoney.Later,thecoolinggasinairconditionerswasfound9.__(pollute)the

environment,soengineers10.___(work)toproduceairconditionersmorefriendlyto

theenvironmentsincethe1980s.

主题语境：世界与环境答案

I.阅读理解

本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现一个国家的消费会影响到世界其他地区

的动植物，由此可知环境问题与经济活动密切相关。

1~4BADD

II.完形填空

本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了为