Unit+4+Stage+and+screen+Using+language+课件-【知识精讲精研】高中英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

Unit4StageandscreenUsinglanguageVocabulary1.gratefulgratituden.感激之情,感谢begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激……Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...如果你能……我将不胜感激。(用于提出请求)练习：Shewasextremelygrateful_____Tom_____hissupport.toforVocabulary2.extremelyextremelycold/dangerous极其寒冷的危险的extremelyuseful非常有用;极有用的extremelyhigh非常高的extremelyanxious急不可待extremelypainful极度疼痛/痛苦的extremelydifficult极其困难的练习：Thiscakeis________(extreme)deliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.extremelyVocabulary3.giveupgiveupsmoking戒烟giveupone'sjob放弃工作giveupeasily轻易放弃giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事giveoneself/sb.upto自首;投案;投降练习：Idon'tseeanyreasontogive_____work.upVocabulary4.overcomeovercomethefear克服恐惧overcomedifficulties/badhabits改掉困难/克服恶习overcomedisadvantages克服不利条件overcomeobstacles克服障碍overcometheenemy战胜敌军beovercomewithemotion/excitement/horror/grief因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持练习：Shehasthedetermination__________(overcome)allthedifficulties.toovercomeVocabulary5.absolutelyabsoluteadj.绝对的;完全的absolutelyimpossible绝对不可能absolutelyright完全正确absolutelynecessary绝对必要haveabsolutelynoexperience完全没有经验Absolutely!(口)正是!当然!Absolutelynot!(口)绝对不行!当然不!练习：Somemarriageshave__________forlackofmoney.absolutelyVocabulary6.ruderudelyadv.无礼地，粗暴地rudenessn.粗鲁;无礼berudetosb.对某人粗鲁/无礼berudeaboutsth.对某事加以指责It'srudetodosth.做某事是无礼的appear/soundrude显得/听起来粗鲁beinarudemanner举止粗鲁rudebehaviour/replies/words粗的举止/答复/言语练习：Ifsomeonesitsrightnexttomeinanemptymovietheater,isitrude________(move)?tomoveVocabulary7.transporttransportationn.交通;运输ameans/formoftransport交通方式haveone’sowntransport有自己的交通工具travelon/bypublictransport乘坐公共交通工具出行air/rail/roadtransport空中/铁路/公路运输thegovernment'stransportpolicy政府的交通运输政策transport...(from...)to...把……(从……)运往……练习：Freshproduceinthisregion____________(transport)tothesupermarket.istransportedVocabulary8.arrangementarrangev.安排;排列;整理arrangementfor...对……的安排make/adjust/acceptanarrangement做/调整/接受安排makearrangements/anarrangementfor..为……做安排练习：Iamlookingforwardtobeingtoldaboutyour__________(arrange)ofvacation.arrangementsLeadinginWhatdoyouknowabout-ingasadverbial?DESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguageDiscussingroupsandcompleteActivity1inpage41.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Suggestedanswers:1.Sentence(a):“I”.Sentence(b):“I”.2.It'susedmoreofteninwrittenEnglish.DESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguageComparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.Suggestedanswers:3.Thefirstgroupusespresentparticiplesasadverbialwhilethesecondgroupusesadverbialclauses.4.Thesentencesfromthereadingpassagearemoreconciseandformal.DESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguageFillintheblanks.1.Inbodylanguage,therearecertainbodymovements________(indicate)differentemotionsorresponses.2.___________(transform)asmallstageintothewholeuniversetosomeextent,PekingOperaappealstofansfrommanywalksoflife.3.________(behave)extremelywellinthecomedy,hedefinitelymadeusontheedgeofourseats.4.________(see)quiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullofconfidence.indicatingTransformingBehavingHavingseenDESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguage5.________(differ)fromeachotherinmeaning,pronunciationandspelling,theseswords:female,family,familiarandfamineshouldn'tbeconfused.6.________(be)anenergeticsupporterofthemovement,thepoethaswrittenmuchpoetryaboutworldpeace.7.Thepoetrywasaddedtomanyplotsandemotions,whichwoulddefinitelymakeitmore________(appeal).DifferingBeingappealingUsinglanguage一、现在分词作状语（一）概述动词的现在分词在形式上现在分词跟动名词一样,也是由“动词+-ing形式”构成。其语法作用,除了构成进行时态之外,在句中还可以作定语、表语、补足语和各种状语。现在分词无人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语，但它具备了动词的基本特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语,有时态和语态的变化。Usinglanguage现在分词有一般式、完成式两种时态形式，以及主动被动两种语态形式。它的各种形式如下表所示(以动词do为例):时态形式主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式在doing之前加notUsinglanguage1.一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生Agroupofstudentswalkedalongthestreet,shoutingandlaughing.一群学生沿街走着,喊着笑着。will和would除了用作助动词构成将来时态外,还可用作情态动词,表示情态意义。2.一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生Havinglivedtherefor3years,sheknowsthewayverywell.由于在那里住了3年,她对那里的路非常熟悉。Havingbeenillforthreemonths,shefelthewascutofffromtheworld.由于病了三个月,她感觉被与世隔绝了。3.现在分词的被动式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisofgreatimportance.正在讨论的那个问题很重要。Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,shegaveupsmoking.由于受到了老师的批评,她戒烟了。Usinglanguage（二）基本用法现在分词(短语),在句中可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随或方式状语、条件状语、让步状语、评论性状语等。在一个复合句中，当主句的主语跟从句的主语完全一致时,为了表达简练,我们可以把从句转换为分词短语形式，用来代替原来的从句。反过来,分词短语作状语，又可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。Usinglanguage1.作时间状语现在分词作时间状语,相当于when,while,after等引导的时间状语从句。一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时或相继发生。完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。Hearingtheexcitingnews,wejumpedwithjoy.听到这个令人振奋的消息时,我们高兴地跳了起来。Havingfinishedthehousework,shegotreadytogoshopping做完家务活之后，她准备去购物。Havingcompletedhishomework,Tomwentouttoplayforawhile.完成家庭作业之后，汤姆出去玩了一会儿。Usinglanguage2.作原因状语现在分词作原因状语,相当于because,since,as等引导的原因状语从句。原因通常早于结果,故现在分词多用完成式，但对于静态动词，如感知、认知动词know,see,realise,find,think等以及be动词多用一般式。Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.由于抽烟太多,他患了肺癌。Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.因没有收到回信,他决定再写一封。Livingfarfromthecompany,Josiehastogetupearlyeverymorning.由于住得离公司远,乔茜每天早晨只好早起。Notknowingheraddressorphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.由于不知道她的地址和电话号码,我们无法与她取得联系。Usinglanguage3.作结果状语现在分词作结果状语，一般位于旬末。前文表示原因现在分词表示造成的必然结果。Thefirelastednearlytwodays,leavingnothingvaluable.大火持续了将近两天,没剩下有价值的东西。Mygrandpafelloffthebike,breakinghisrightarmandleg.我爷爷从自行车上掉下来,摔断了右胳膊和右腿。Ithasrainedforovertendays,causingtherivertorise.下了十多天雨,致使河水上涨。Hiswifediedin1962,leavinghimwiththreechildren.他妻子于1962年去世,留给了他三个孩子。Usinglanguage友情提示：(1)现在分词作结果状语时,现在分词之前可加thus,表示强调。Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.公共汽车受大风雪所阻,因而耽搁了。(2)现在分词作结果状语，相当于so引导的并列句,或sothat引导的结果状语从句。Hedidn'tpasstheexam,makinghisparentsquitedisappointed.=Hedidn'tpasstheexam,so(that)itmadehisparentsquitedisappointed.Usinglanguage4.现在分词作伴随状语可位于句首或句末,表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。现在分词是谓语动词的陪衬动作。Theprofessorputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiledlookingratherpleased.教授把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝笑了，看起来很高兴。“Don'tyouknowI'moneofyou?”askedthebat,showinghisteeth.“难道你们不知道我是你们的成员之一吗?”蝙蝠露出牙齿问。Iwasinthekitchencookingsomething.我在厨房煮东西。Usinglanguage友情提示：现在分词作伴随状语,往往带有目的性，即目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，且与句子用逗号隔开。Shewaitedimpatiently,expectinghecouldcomeearlier.她不耐烦地等待着,希望他能早点来。Manyyoungfarmershuntedaroundfromcitytocity,hopingtogetgoodjobs.许多年轻的农民辗转于各个城市,希望能找到好工作。Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,preparingareportforthemanager.秘书工作到深夜,为经理准备一份报告。Shekeptitasecret,tryingnottoloseherjob.她对此保守秘密,尽量不丢掉工作。Usinglanguage5.作方式状语Usingastick,MaLiangdrewahorseonthegroundintenminutes.马良用一根枝条十分钟之内就在地上画了一匹马。Holdinghisheadhigh,theherowalkedpasttheenemies.那位英雄高昂着头从敌人身边走过。ThevisitorfromJapancomesinsmiling.来自日本的客人笑着进来了。Shemustbeabletousetheforeignlanguage,forgettingallaboutherown.她一定要做到使用外语时，忘掉本族语。Usinglanguage友情提示：现在分词作伴随或方式状语时，一般不能转化为状语从句，但可以转化成并列句。Mywifewasseatedinthesofa,readingamagazine.=Mywifewasseatedinthesofaandreadingamagazine.Theboycamein,followinghisfather.=Theboyfollowedhisfatherandcamein.Usinglanguage6.作条件状语现在分词作条件状语,相当于f等引导的条件状语从句。通常使用一般式,位于句首。Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthehospital.沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到那家医院。Workinghardatyourlessons,youaretosucceed.如果你努力学习,你就一定会成功的。Usinglanguage7.作让步状语现在分词作让步状语,相当于though/although,evenif/eventhough等引导的让步状语从句,此用法相对少见。Havingfailedmanytimes,Istillhavefaithinmyfuture.=ThoughIhavefailedmanytimes,Istillhavefaithinmyfuture.尽管失败多次,我仍然对未来充满信心。Admittingthathehasmadesomeprogress,Istilldon'tthinkhehastriedhisbest.我承认他取得了一些进步,但我仍然认为他没有尽最大努力。Usinglanguage8.作程度状语在一些习惯用法中,现在分词可以作程度状语,意为“很,非常,极度”,相当于程度副词very,extremely等。Iwasboilinghotandsweaty.我浑身滚烫，大汗淋漓。It'sfreezingcoldtodayforOctober.相对于十月份来说,今天天气太冷了。Itwasburninghotyesterday.昨天非常炎热。Lannyisanamazingbeautifulgirl.兰妮是一个非常漂亮的姑娘。Usinglanguage9.作评注性状语有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点、评价等,我们称这种状语为评注性状语。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。Judgingbyhisactions,heisratherselfish.从他的所作所为可以看出他比较自私。Usinglanguage（三）注意事项1.现在分词作状语时，可以根据意义在其前加上相应的连同，如when,while,once,though,although,aslongas,if,asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough等,让状语的含义更加明确。有时这类结构也可视作状语从句的省略。Whilereadinganewspaper,Iheardthedoorbellring.看报纸时我听见门铃响过。Whencrossingthestreet,dobecareful.过马路时务必要小心。Oncelosingthischance,youcan'teasilyfinditback.一旦失去这次机会，你就很难找回。ShepausedasifexpectingMarytospeak.她停了停，仿佛在期待玛丽说话。Usinglanguage2.有少数现在分词(短语)，其逻辑主语并不是子的主语，而是说话者的行为。用来表明说话者的态度、观点、评价等，称为分词的独立成分，语法上叫作“悬垂分词”,多为“评注性状语”。常见的有:generallyspeaking一般说来personallyspeaking就我个人而言franklyspeaking坦白地说honestlyspeaking诚实地说strictlyspeaking严格地说judgingfrom/by...由……判断talkingof/about...谈到……considering...考虑到……oconsideration考虑到……Usinglanguage3.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致。否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成“独立主格结构”简言之，独立主格结构是自带主语的分词短语。Theclockstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.钟表敲了十二点,我就上床睡觉了。Shelayagainstthewall,thesunshininguponherface.她靠墙躺着,阳光照在她的脸上。Usinglanguage练习：用所给动词的正确形式完成句子1.Shecalledateverydoor,__________

peopletheexcitingnews.(tell)2.Jackwasalazyboy.Ioftencaughthim__________inclass.

(sleep)3.

Hiswordsleftme__________

whathewasdrivingat.

(wonder)4.__________totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.(turn)5.__________thekey,theboycouldn'tenterhishouse.(lose)telling

sleeping

wondering

Turning

Havinglost

Usinglanguage练习：用所给动词的正确形式完成句子6.Generally__________,if__________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(speak,take)7.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,__________mestoriestillIfellasleep.(tell)8.__________thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.(find)9.___________toreachthemontheph