北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量检测英语模拟试卷（含答案）

北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量检测英语模拟试卷第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。GardeningchangedhowIseemyselfasadisabledwoman.WhenIstartedgardeningin2018,Ididn'tknowanythingaboutplants,letalonehowtogrowthingswecaneat.Ithoughtgardeningrequiredalotof1tasks.AsIhaveagenetic（遗传的）conditionthatcausesmybonesto2easily,Ididn'tbelieveIcouldcompletethem.Thethoughtoftakingcareofplantsinawheelchaireverydaymademefeel3.ButjustlikehowIgraduallylearnteverythingelseasadisabledperson,Ihadto4howtogardenmyway.Thatfirstseason,IvisitedmygardenasmuchasIcould.Noticingmyinterestingardening,myneighborsinthecommunity5offeredmeadviceandsupport.Undertheircareful6,Imanagedtopulluptheweedsandwateredmyplantsonmyown.Finally,IwassoproudtoeatthetomatoesIgrewandevensharedsomewithneighbors.Theytastedlikesummertime.Gardeninghas7howIseeotherpartsofmylife.Asadisabledwoman,Ifearbeingseenasa8andstruggletoaskforthethingsIneed.GardeninghelpedmenormalizethefactthatIhaveneeds.Idon'tthinkmyplantisaheavyloadbecauseitneedsmorenutrition.Idon't9itforgettinginsectsandnotbeingabletofightagainstthem.Gardeningalsohelpedmeexpandmysocialcircleandgrowclosetopeopleinourcommunity.Overtheyears,gardeninghasmademefeelmoreconfidentineveryaspectofmylife.I'mplantingwhatIwanttogrow,andIhavegainedalotof10fromthat.1. A.simple B.physical C.pleasant D.urgent2. A.change B.rest C.break D.move3. A.anxious B.expectant C.motivated D.bored4. A.lookover B.showoff C.bringback D.figureout5. A.suddenly B.readily C.hesitantly D.casually6. A.observation B.check C.discussion D.guidance7. A.impacted B.ruined C.controlled D.recorded8. A.support B.comfort C.burden D.threat9. A.appreciate B.fault C.challenge D.forgive10. A.justice B.access C.weight D.power第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AIwasbornwithapronouncedfacialproblem.Becauseofthat,Ihaveundergonemanycruelcomments.Oneday,while11（shop）,IwasapproachedbyawomanIdidn'tknow.Standingstill,Iwasreadyforaruderemark.Buttheladysmiledandsaid,"Thisgiftcardisforyou,beautifulgirl,soyoucanbuysomethingspecialfor12（you）."Iamsothankfultothatwomanforremindingmebeauty13（come）inallforms.BChinahasalargenumberofglobalculturalheritage（遗产）sites14（recognize）byUNESCO.Overthepastdecades,greatefforts15（make）bythecountrytopreservethem.Theseculturalheritagesitesenrichourdailylivesincountlessways,16weexperiencethemdirectlyorthroughthemediumofaconnecteddevice.WebelievethatChina17（apply）moderntechnologiestotherestorationandpreservationofmoreculturalheritagesitesintheyearstocome.CPsychologicalprocessesandmentalwellbeingarevitaltoconsistentlyhighdegreesofsportingperformanceforathletesatalllevels.Sportspsychologyisthestudyof18psychologicalfactorsinfluenceathleticperformance.Althoughitisa19（relative）newdiscipline,sportspsychologyisnowwidelyacceptedasofferinganimportantadvantage20opponents.Toprovideathleteswiththementalsupporttheyneed,asportspsychologistneedstoconsidertheirfeelings,behaviorandlivesbeyond.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWorldLearning（WL）YouthProgramsbringinternationalhighschoolageyouthtotheUSforshort-termleadershipprogramsandexchangestodeveloptheirmeaningfulandmemorablelearningexperiences.Wehavemorethan1,000youthparticipantsonover20programseachyear.WLYouthProgramsseekleaderswhoareresponsibleforworkingwithyoungpeopleandleadinghighschoolexchangeprograms.Leadersdelivereducationalcontentandareknowledgeableinthedesignanddeliveryofactiveworkshops.LeadersalsorepresentWLinUSdomestichostcommunities,andattimesoverseas,andmanagepartnerrelationshipswithintegrityandprofessionalism.QualificationsfortheApplicantsYouareflexible,energetic,andpro-activeteamplayers.Youenjoyspendingtimewithhighschoolstudents.Youarewillingtoputtheparticipants'learninganddevelopmentaheadofyourownexperience.Youarereadyforanintense,challenging,andrewardingprogrammingexperience.Youhaveahighlevelofsocialandemotionalintelligence.Youdemonstratecross-culturalsensitivityandskillsincommunication.Youbringawidevarietyofbackgroundsandsocialidentities.Youareaneducator.ApplytobecomeaWLYouthProgramLeaderIfinterested,youcancontactforquestionsaboutour2024applicationprocess.21.WhatistheaimofWLYouthPrograms?A.Todeveloptheleadershipofhighschoolstudents.B.ToofferyoungpeopleanopportunitytoworkinUS.C.TotrainparticipantstobeWLYouthProgramsleaders.D.ToseekindividualstocontributetoWLYouthPrograms.22.IfselectedasaWLYouthProgramsleader,onewillA.hostcommunityeventsrepresentingWLB.bedevotedtothefieldofyouthdevelopmentC.helpparticipantslearnknowledgeaboutdesigningworkshopsD.manageWLYouthProgramswithintegrityandprofessionalism23.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredtoA.haveoverseasworkexperienceB.valuethedevelopmentofparticipantsC.majorincross-culturalcommunicationD.telltheparticipants'differentsocialidentitiesBWorkingatabankinNewYorkCityinthemid-2010s,AnnaSackswaslivingthelife-justnotthelifeshewanted.Sure,shewashappy.Butshewantedtodosomethingthatfeltimportant.Somepeopleseekingmeaningmightreadaself-helpbookorperhapsvolunteerafewhoursaweek.SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticuttoparticipateinAdamah,afarmingprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.WhenshereturnedtoNewYork,herlifewaswithanewpurposeandavarietyofnewskillstomakeherdreamsareality."OneofthethingsthatreallystuckwithmefromAdamahwashowlittlewastetheyproducedandhowtheyhandledthewastetheydidhave,primarilythroughcomposting（堆肥）,"shesays."AndIjustthought,'Whyaren'twedoingthathere?""TheAdamahprogramopenedSacks'eyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andtheneedtofindsolutions.Soin2017,shebeganwhatshecalls"trashwalking".Duringtoursaroundhercommunity,Sackspicksthroughgarbagetolookforreusableitems.Soon,her"trashwalking"expandedtoincludecorporatetrashalongwithresidentialtrash.Surprisingly,shediscoveredawiderangeofreallygreatstuff-likeclothing,decorations,andfood-allofwhichshedocumentsonTikTok.UnderthenameTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforhervideosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerism."Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleadstoalargeamountofwaste,"shesays.Thefactis,companiesoftenchoosetotrashitemsratherthangivethemawaytopeoplewhomightneedthem.Abigreasonforthiswasteisthewayourcurrenttaxlawsarestructured,Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.Iftheygiveawaygoods,theycanclaimonlyasmallamountasacharitablereductionontheirtaxes.Sacks'mainfocusissimplygettingpeopletopayattentiontohowmanyunnecessarythingstheybuyandthenthrowaway."Onceyoubecomeawareofthewayyouconsume,youcanseewaysyouimprove,"shesays.24.AnnaSackspackedupherlifeandleftNewYorkto_____.A.leadahealthylifestyleB.observehowtogrowfoodC.pursueameaningfullifeD.volunteertoworkinabank25.WhatimpressedAnnaSacksmostabouttheAdamahprogram?A.Theimportanceoftrashwalking.B.Thesustainablefoodpeopleproduced.C.Thehardtruthaboutconsumerculture.D.Thewaypeopletheredealtwiththewaste.26.Whatmakescompaniesprefertothrowoutgoodsastrash?A.Thetaxreduction.B.Thequalityofgoods.C.Thetaxrefund.D.Theoverproduction.27.WhatcanwelearnfromAnnaSacks'story?A.Consumercultureaccountsforwasting.B.Corporatetrashoutweighsresidentialtrash.C.Trashwalkingisthekeytobecomingwealthy.D.Turningtofarmingleadstosustainableliving.CWeoftenthinkoffingerprintsasthetinyarchedpatternsonthetipofeachfinger.Theyareregardedasspecialmarkersofhumanidentity,evenmoreindividualizedthanDNA.Butnewresearchsuggestsourbrainshave"fingerprints"thatareequallyunchanginganduniquetoeachperson.Withmodernneuroimaging（神经影像）techniques,scientistscantrackyourbrain'sdistinctsignaturecomposedoftensofthousandsofelectricalsignalsthatcommunicateacrossthebrain.Thefinalproductisapictureofbrain'selectricalactivitythatisdetailed,distinctanddifficulttochange.AccordingtoZackY.Shan,headoftheneuroimagingplatformattheThompsonInstitute,"Thebrainisasymphonyorchestra（交响乐团）."Eachregionplaysauniqueinstrumentandadaptstoworkwithnearbytunesatthesametime.Thiscooperationleadstoourthoughtsandactions."Andnotwosymphoniessoundexactlyalike,"Shanadds.ArecentstudypublishedinSleepmapstheextentofthisneurodiversitythroughEEGsnapshots（脑电图快照）,whichdescribethesleepingbrain'selectricalactivityaswavylines.LedbyMichaelPrerau,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,theresearchersanalyzedbrainwavedataofsleepspindles,onetotwosecondsevidentneuralactivityassociatedwithourabilitytoturnshort-termmemoriesintolong-termmemories.ForDaraS.Manoach,aco-authoroftheSleepstudyandprofessorofpsychologyatHarvardMedicalSchool,thesleepingbrainisa"newfrontier"forstudyingthetreatmentofmemoryproblemsinneurologicaldisorders.ShenotesthatlackofsleepspindleactivitieshasbeenlinkedtodifferentmentaldiseaseslikeepilepsyandAlzheimer'sdisease.So,theresearcherscomparedtwonightsofsleeprecordingsfromhealthyparticipantstothosewithAlzheimer'sdisease.TheiranalysisrevealedthattheirbroadenedapproachtoanalyzingsleepspindlesalsocouldunearthnewbiologicalindicatorsforAlzheimer'sdisease."It'safirststeptobetterunderstandinghowthedisorderoperatesanddevelopingtargetedtreatments,"Manoachsays.Moreover,brainfingerprintsmayofferinspirationsthattraditionaltherapeutic（治疗性的）observationcan't.Patientswithdifferentdiseasescanhavesimilarsymptoms."That'swhereneuroimagingcomesintoplay.Brainfingerprintsarewindowsintodistinguishingbetweentwopatientswhoseemidentical,"explainsDanHermens,aprofessorofneurobiologyattheThompsonInstitute.Inthewakeofincreasingreportsofmentaldisorders,thereistherapeuticpromise.Brainfingerprintingcouldofferapotentialwayoutofthedarkchapterandprovidenewpossibilitiesforthementalhealthcrisisusingbestevidence-basedpracticestoovercomeit.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebrain's"fingerprint"?A.Itcantrackelectricalsignalsinthebrain.B.Itreferstothepatternofthesurfaceofthebrain.C.Itconstructsanindividualizedmapofbrainstructure.D.Itshowstheuniqueimageofthebrain'selectricalactivity.29.Accordingtothepassage,thesleepingbrainisa"newfrontier"because_____.A.recordingbrainfingerprintsenhancesmemoryB.brainwavedatacanidentifyspecificmentalillnessesC.EEGcanformbiologicalindicatorsforhumanidentityD.neuroimagingpreventsthedevelopmentofmentaldisorders30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SleepFingerprintsPredictDiseaseOccurrenceB.SleepingBrains:IdeasandActionsControlledC.SleepFingerprints:BrainIdentityRevealedD.SleepingBrainsUncoverMemoryCodesDTheAgeofInformationismushrooming,perhapsevenbulging.Ifyoutriedtodownloadallthedataavailabletoday,you'dneedmorethan180millionyearstodoso.Butyouarewrongtoassumethatallthisinformationwouldstimulateaboostofinnovationtomatchtheoutputofdata.Indeed,thelasttimewefoundourselvesinaperiodofsignificantinnovation,pursuingtheideaswiththebiggestrk,wasmorethan120yearsago,inaperiodcalledtheAgeofInsight.Innovations,bothbigandsmall,startwithanewidea.Often,theseideasoccurasamomentofinsight-theresultofanovelconnectioninourbrainsmadebetweenexistingandnewinformation.Studiesshowinsightsinvolvequietsignalsdeepinthebrain,justunderthesurfaceofawareness.Anythingthathelpsusnoticequietsignals,suchastakingbreaksbetweenmeetings,onlyadoptingnecessarylearningapproachesoravoidingdistractionslikesocialmedia,canincreasethechanceofinsights.However,it'sbecomingmorechallengingtofindthosequietsignalswiththeincreasinguseoftechnology,fillingeverymomentwithemergenciesandanendlesssupplyofcontent.Besides,wealsowanttoincreasethequalityofthem-tobeabletosortthroughbignewideasandfindtheonesthathaverealvalue,whichcanbehardtomeasure.Launchedin2015,theEurekaScale（尤里卡量表）allowsustoassessthestrengthofourinsightexperiencesonafive-pointscale,whichismarkedbyintenseemotions,motivation,memoryadvantage,aftershocks,andfollowingideas.TheScalecombinesthesefivevariablesintoasinglevalueandallowsustodefinetheimportanceofanewidea.Thelevel-5insight,involvingtherichestemotion,motivation,andlastingimpact,holdsthegreatestsignificance.Becauseinsightsareoneofthebestwaystodriveengagement,innovation,andbehaviorchange,theEurekaScalehasbroadapplicationsformeasuringandimprovingindividualandorganizationalperformance.Moreimportantly,itcanbeusedtomeasuretheimpactofdifferentkindsofworkenvironmentsandlearningapproachesonparticipants'growth-bothinthemomentorafterward.Inorderfororganizationstobenefitfromanotherageofinsight,it'snotenoughtotrytoaccessmoredataorincreasethenumberofinsightswegenerate.Instead,it'saboutmakingceforthebiggestideastoemergefromalltheinformation.UsingthesharedlanguageoftheEurekaScaleasawaytomeasurehowimportantideasare,relativetoeachother,willenablebetterdecision-makingtowardpracticalandcompetitiveoutcomes.Andifwe'retoenteranewageofinsight,wemustdesignourenvironmentstoallowforthebestinsightpossibletosurface.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"bulging"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Stabilizing.B.Exploding.C.Shifting.D.Collapsing.32.Accordingtothepassage,howcanthepossibilityofinsightsbeincreased?A.Byengaginginongoingsocialmediainteractions.B.Byrelyingontechnologytoreceiveregularnotices.C.Bysteppingawayfromcomputersbetweenmeetings.D.Byparticipatinginadditionaltrainingandcoachingsessions.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TheEurekaScalecontrolstheinfluenceofourinsights.B.Possessingminimalemotionalresponsesisalevel-5insight.C.Boththequantityandqualityofinsightsareessentialtoinnovation.D.Abreakthroughhasbeenmadeininnovationduetoawealthofinformation.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecurrentenvironmentforinnovations?A.Uncertain.B.Optimistic.C.Unconcerned.D.Dissatisfied.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyougotoconcerts,youexpectyourfavoritemusiciantoperformamazinglyonstage.Butyoumayhavenoticedsomethingcuriousthatmostmusiciansdon'tjustplaywiththeirfingers.Theyalsoinvolvebodymovementsthatfitthesong'sbeatordancefollowingthemusic.35Thefacialexpressionsmusiciansshowwhenplayingmayseemstrangeorcrazytoanoutsider,butallthatpullingfacesmightactuallyserveapurpose.Firstly,playingamusicalinstrumentusuallyrequiresintensefocusandconcentration.36Theirfacialexpressionscanbeademonstrationoftheintenseemotionsandphysicaleffortthatgohand-in-handwithmusicalperformance.They'reoftensubconscious-infact,manyofuswillpullstrangefaceswhenwe'redeeplyinvolvedinanactivitywecareabout.37Musicianshaveastrongemotionalconnectionwiththemusictheyperform.Theyoftenusetheirfacialexpressionstoexpressthemoodandinterpretationofthemusic,whichcreatesamoreengagingmusicalexperience.Whilefacialexpressionsmaynotdirectlymakesomeoneabettermusician,theymightcontributetotheoverallartistryofthemusic.Performinglivemusicisaratherstressfulexperience,soitcouldbethattheperformerisexpressingthosenervesthroughtheirface-bitingthebottomlip,forexample.Luckily,nerveswilloftengoawaysoonafteramusicianstartsperforming.38Thefacialexpressionsobviouslytosomeextentexpresstheperformer'sinnerworld.Anotherinterestingthingisthatmakingfacialexpressionscanhaveaphysiologicalimpactonthemusician'sperformance.Someresearchsuggeststhatcertainfacialmovementscanactivatespecificmusclesandimprovemuscleharmonization.39However,it'simportanttonotethatthisrelationshipisstillnotwellunderstood,andtheextenttowhichfacialexpressionsdirectlyimpactmusicalcompetenceisasubjectofongoinginvestigation.A.Whenyou'rereallyfocused,youdon'tcareabouttheoutsideworld.B.Amongthemthepartofthebodythatbestexhibitsthisisobviouslytheface.C.Theylikelywon'tbethemaincauseforthosestrangefacesthroughoutaperformance.D.Sucheffectsareparticularlyhelpfulincontrollingmuscleswhenplayinganinstrument.E.Facialexpressionscanalsohelpmusicianscommunicateemotionsandartisticexpression.F.Musiciansareoftenovercomewithemotionfromthemusicitselforthereactionofthecrowd.G.Musiciansoftenenterastateof"flow",wheretheybecomecompletelyabsorbedinthemusicthey'recreating.第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分）阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Jokesandhumorareoftenconsideredunimportant.Thisisunderstandable:theyare,bydefinition,notserious.Yetjokesandhumorarebeneficialforhealththroughtheirstress-relievingproperties.Forexample,theycanstimulatebloodcirculationandaidmusclerelaxation,bothofwhichcanhelpreducestress.Butwhydowerespond,inpowerfulandrewardingways,tothingsthatareobjectivelymeaningless?Scientistshavespentyearsstudyinghowhumorworksinthebrainandonthevarioustypesofjokesthatproduceit.Puns,themostfamiliartypeofjokes,arewherespecificelementsoflanguageconveydifferentmeaningsatonce.Forexample,"Whydidthegolferweartwopairsoftrousers?Incasehegotaholeinone."Here"holeinone"hastwopossibleinterpretations:onepairisdamagedorsomeone'sballgoesintotheholethefirsttimehehitit.Wemaynotactuallylaughatthem,buttheirsimplicityandfamiliaritymakemostpeoplerecognizethehumorinpuns.Therefore,thebrain'shumorprocessesarestillengaged.Howdoeshumorarisefromthebrain?Ourbrainshavedevelopedasystemtorecognizewhenthingsdon'tmatchexpectations.Ifnormalityisoverturned,itmeanswedon'tknowwhat'sgoingtohappen,whichcreatestension.However,thesystemthatrecognizesincongruity（不一致）alsoresolvesit,byprovidinganexplanation,oratleastaconfirmationthattheincongruityhasnonegativeconsequences.Thisremovestheuncertainty,easingthetension.Afterthat,welearnsomethingnewandexpandourmentalmodel,experiencingarewardingfeeling.Basically,thankstothesecomplexsystemsinourbrains,humorcomesfromsomethingbeingsurprising,unexpectedorwronginsomeway,aslongastheincongruityisresolvedwithoutnegativeconsequences.Iftheincongruityisnotresolved,humorisabsent.Iftheanswerto"Whydidthegolferweartwopairsoftrousers?"is"incasethemetaleaglethatlivesinhisgoldbagattackshim",that'snotfunny.Thiswouldexplainwhyunrealhumorisoftenhardtogetright.40.Whatisthebenefitofjokesandhumor?41.Whycanpeoplerecognizethehumorinpuns?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Peoplecanworkouthumorfromsomethingbeingsurprising,unexpectedorwronginsomeway,aslongastheincongruityremainsunsolved.43.Apartfromthebenefitmentionedinthepassage,whatotherbene