河北省张家口市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题 答案

张家口市2023—2024学年度高三年级第一学期期末考试英语注意事项:1.答卷前。考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wherewillthekidsstay?AInlocalhomes.B.Atthecampsite.C.Inanearbyhotel.2.Howmuchdidthemanpayaltogether?A.12dollars.B.14dollars.C.18dollars.3.WhatisJohn’soriginalplanfortheweekend?A.Togotothezoo.B.Torepairthetreehouse.C.Towatchamovie.4.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A.Tomakeanapology.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Tomakeasuggestion.5.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Atthebaker’s.B.Atthechemist’s.C.Atthetailor’s.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthebadnewsfortheman?A.Hewillhavetohaveatoothpulledout.B.Helefthissmartphoneinthedentist’soffice.C.Heneedstomakeanothertriptotheflowershop.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopownerandcustomer.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Husbandandwife.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.HowdoesMr.PataohelpJane?A.Byacceptingherinterview.B.Bygivinghersomeadvice.C.Bypolishinghertermpaper.9.Whatispeople’sattitudetowardwaterpollution?A.Theyareunconcernedaboutit.B.Theyarewillingtohelpsolveit.C.Theyareeagertolearnmoreaboutit.10.WhatshouldJanefocusoninherpaper?A.Whatactionpeopleshouldtake.B.Wherethekeytoawarenesslies.C.Howtogetaclearpictureoftheproblem.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhywillSpodebelate?A.Hiscarbrokedown.B.Hehasanaccident.C.Heiscaughtinthetraffic.12.WhatwillTracydoforSpode?A.Sendafile.B.Meetaclient.C.Writeareport.13.Whattimewillthemanagerhaveameeting?A.At9:00.B.At9:30.C.At10:00.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthewoman?A.Theownerofarestaurant.B.Thehostessofaprogram.C.Theauthorofabest-sellingbook.15.WheredidMr.Pascarellaspendhischildhood?A.InCaserta.B.InNewYork.C.InLondon.16.WhatdoesMr.Pascarelladoasabusiness?A.Hesellscookbooks.B.Hesellspizzaontheroad.C.Hesellsthree-wheeledtrucks.17.WhatgaveMr.PascarellatheinspirationforRicordiD’infanzia?A.Afriend’sadvice.B.Hisfamilypizza.C.ApizzastandinLondon.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhichofthefollowingplacesisinGreece?A.ThePindusmountains.B.TheAdriaticcoast.C.TheBalkancountry.19.HowmanyspeciesdoestheVjosaRiverhost?A.13.B.168.C.Over1,100.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.ThehistoryoftheVjosaRiver.B.TheecosystemoftheVjosaRiver.C.TheprotectionoftheVjosaRiver.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheCEMC(theCentreforEducationinMathematicsandComputing)storybeganin1963whenagroupofsecondaryschoolteachersdevelopedthefirstmathematicscontestinOntario.Fromthatspark,theCEMChasgrownintooneofCanada’sforemostauthoritiesonmathematicsandcomputerscienceforyoungpeople.HousedwithintheFacultyofMathematicsattheUniversityofWaterloo,theCEMCisthelargestorganizationofitskindinCanadawithmorethan40faculty(全体教师)andstaffandhundredsofvolunteers.Ourcontestsarewrittenbystudentsaroundtheworld.DesignedbyteamsofexperteducatorsforGrades5to12,theCEMCcontestsareagreatfitforstudentswitharangeofabilities—fromlearnerswhowanttoexploremathandcomputerscienceanddeveloptheirconfidence,toadvancedstudentswhowanttostretchtheirlimits.Today,ourprogramsandresourcesmakeadifferenceforstudentsandeducatorsaroundtheworld:·Ourfreecoursesreceivel0millionpageviewsannually.·Morethan265000studentsinover80countriesregisterforour15contestseachyear.·1.5millionlearnersandteachersbenefitfromourProblemoftheWeekeachyear.·20,000studentsbenefiteachyearfromtheCEMCVisitsSchoolsprogramatmorethan300schoolsinover15countries.·300teacherspursueadvanceddegreesinourMasterofMathematicsforTeachers(MMT)programeachyear.HowtoGetInvolvedAllstudentsmustparticipatethroughtheirschool.Ifyourschoolhasn’tparticipatedinaCEMCcontest,you’llneedtoapplyforaCEMCschoolaccountonourwebsitebeforeyoucanordercontestsforyourstudents.AlreadyhaveaCEMCschoolaccount?VisitourContestSupervisorPortaltoordercontests,accessresultsandcertificates,downloadcontestinstructionsandmore.1.WhowritestheCEMCcontests?A.VolunteersoftheCEMC. B.Studentsaroundtheworld.C.SecondaryschoolteachersinOntario. D.FacultymembersoftheUniversityofWaterloo.2.WhichprogramoftheCEMChasthelargestnumberofparticipantseachyear?A.TheCEMCcontests. B.ProblemoftheWeek.C.TheCEMCVisitsSchools. D.MasterofMathematicsforTeachers.3.WhatisamusttotakepartintheCEMCcontest?A.ACEMCschoolaccount. B.Anindividualregistration.C.AnMMTteacher’sguidance. D.Awiderangeofacademicabilities.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了CEMC（数学与计算教育中心）的起源、组织结构和活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ourcontestsarewrittenbystudentsaroundtheworld(我们的比赛由世界各地的学生撰写)”可知，CEMC比赛由世界各地的学生撰写，故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Today,ourprogramsandresourcesmakeadifferenceforstudentsandeducatorsaroundtheworld:标题下第三行“1.5millionlearnersandteachersbenefitfromourProblemoftheWeekeachyear(每年有150万名学生和教师受益于我们的每周问题)”可知，EMC的项目中，每年的参与者人数最多的是“每周问题”，故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Allstudentsmustparticipatethroughtheirschool.Ifyourschoolhasn’tparticipatedinaCEMCcontest,you’llneedtoapplyforaCEMCschoolaccountonourwebsitebeforeyoucanordercontestsforyourstudents.(所有学生都必须通过学校参加。如果您的学校没有参加CEMC比赛，您需要在我们的网站上申请CEMC学校帐户，然后才能订购比赛。)”可知，CEMC参赛者必须有一个CEMC学校帐户，故选A项。BDuringoneconversationwithFrankMorrison,hetoldmethatwhenhewasachildhisfavoritepastimewasdrawingonthepiecesofwhiteandtancardboardthatcamewithhismother’spantyhose(连裤袜)containers.Frank’sgoalwastodraw,andhefoundwaystomakethathappen.Thisexamplespeakstothedeterminationhehasdemonstratedthroughouthislifesothathecouldfollowhisdreams,makeadifference,andinspireothers.IfirstmetFrankataconferencein2015.IwasworkingatLittleBeeBooksatthetime.Iwentoverandintroducedmyself.Ididn’thaveaprojectinhandforhimatthetime,butIgaveFranksomebackgroundinformationaboutLittleBeeBooksandtoldhimthatIhopedhewouldconsiderworkingwithussomeday.Severalmonthslater,Ihadtheperfectmanuscript(手稿)forhimtoillustrate:TheRootsofRap:16Barsonthe4PillarsofHip-Hop,writtenbyCaroleBostonWeatherford.Thefabuloustextwasalovelettertothepioneersofhip-hop,andFrankwasimmediatelytakenwiththemanuscriptbecauseCarole,withwhomheadoredworking,hadwrittenit;andFrankgrewupwiththisculture.ThefirsttimeFrankandhisbrotherheardrapmusicwasintheirgrandmother’sbackyard,viaaone-speakerradio.Franksaidthat“thebeatswereimpressive”.Uptothispointtheyhadbeenlisteningtowhattheirparentslistenedto.Theyfoundfamiliarbeatsinhip-hopbecauseitfeltlikearemixoftheirparents’music.LookingthroughFrank’sbooksislikewalkingthroughanartgallery.Hecantransportyoutoanothertimeorputyouinthemiddleofaculturalmovement,whilemakingtheconnectionbetweenpastandpresent.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutFrankfromparagraph1?A.Hedreamedofinspiringothers.B.Hemanagedtofindsomethingtodrawon.C.Helikedthepicturesonpantyhosecontainers.D.Hewasspokenhighlyofforhisdetermination.5.Whatdidtheauthordoin2015?A.HeofferedtojoininFrank’sproject.B.HeaskedFranktosignLittleBeeBooks.C.HeexpressedhisexpectationtoworkwithFrank.D.HegotsomebackgroundinformationaboutFrank.6.HowdidFranklikerap?A.Helikeditallthetime.B.Hefounditsbeatshardtobear.C.Hethoughtitlesspopularthanhip-hop.D.Heconsideredithelpfulforpersonalgrowth.7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutFrank’sillustrationsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyareshowninagallery. B.Theyconnectuswithhistory.C.Theyhavestartedaculturalmovement. D.Theychangedpeople’sideasaboutthepast.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了FrankMorrison的生平事迹和艺术成就，讲述了Morrison的成长经历、职业生涯和个人成就，展现了他作为一个艺术家的才华和贡献。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“DuringoneconversationwithFrankMorrison,hetoldmethatwhenhewasachildhisfavoritepastimewasdrawingonthepiecesofwhiteandtancardboardthatcamewithhismother’spantyhose(连裤袜)containers.Frank’sgoalwastodraw,andhefoundwaystomakethathappen.(在与FrankMorrison的一次谈话中，他告诉我，当他还是个孩子的时候，他最喜欢的消遣是在他母亲的连裤袜容器附带的白色和棕色硬纸板上画画。Frank的目标是画画，他找到了实现这个目标的方法。)”可知，Frank找到了可以在上面绘画的东西。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“IfirstmetFrankataconferencein2015.IwasworkingatLittleBeeBooksatthetime.Iwentoverandintroducedmyself.Ididn’thaveaprojectinhandforhimatthetime,butIgaveFranksomebackgroundinformationaboutLittleBeeBooksandtoldhimthatIhopedhewouldconsiderworkingwithussomeday.(我第一次见到Frank是在2015年的一次会议上。当时我在LittleBe电子书公司工作。我走过去自我介绍。当时我手头上没有项目要交给他，但我给了Frank一些关于LittleBe电子书的背景信息，并告诉他我希望他有一天能考虑和我们合作。)”可知，在2015年作者向Frank表达了希望和他合作的期望。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Severalmonthslater,Ihadtheperfectmanuscript(手稿)forhimtoillustrate:TheRootsofRap:16Barsonthe4PillarsofHip-Hop,writtenbyCaroleBostonWeatherford.Thefabuloustextwasalovelettertothepioneersofhip-hop,andFrankwasimmediatelytakenwiththemanuscriptbecauseCarole,withwhomheadoredworking,hadwrittenit;andFrankgrewupwiththisculture.(几个月后，我有了一份完美的手稿供他举例说明：《说唱的根源：嘻哈的四大支柱上的16个酒吧》，作者CaroleBostonWeatherford。这段美妙的文字是一封写给嘻哈音乐先驱们的情书，Frank立刻被手稿迷住了，因为这是Carole写的，他很喜欢和Carole一起工作;；Frank就是在这种文化中长大的。)”可知，Frank认为嘻哈音乐对自己的成长有帮助。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“LookingthroughFrank’sbooksislikewalkingthroughanartgallery.Hecantransportyoutoanothertimeorputyouinthemiddleofaculturalmovement,whilemakingtheconnectionbetweenpastandpresent.(看Frank的书就像在参观美术馆。他可以把你带到另一个时代，或者把你置身于一场文化运动中，同时把过去和现在联系起来。)”可知，Frank的插图能将我们带到一个时代，或者置身于一场运动，将过去和现在联系起来。故选B。CLabelingcanbeveryhelpfulwhendeterminingcertainthingsaboutafooditem.“USDA(UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)Organic”and“raisedwithoutantibiotics(抗生素)”,forexample,havespecificstandards,andtheproductwillneedtobetruetothoseclaims.Naturalclaimslike“allnatural”,“100%natural”,and“madewithnaturalingredients(成分)”arenotdefinedinUSDA.TheUSDAmustapprovethesespecialclaimspriortofoodbeingsold,buttheonlystandardtheymustmeetisthatartificialingredientsorcolorscannotbeaddedduringprocessing,andtheprocessingmethodcannotfundamentallyaltertheproduct.Whilethatiscertainlyvaluableinformationtoknow,theproblemisinconsumers’understandingofwhat“natural”means.Thedefinitionsdonotaddresshumanhealth,theuseofsyntheticpesticides(合成杀虫剂),hormones,orantibioticsincropandlivestockproduction.Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.Ina2010study,respondentsbelievedthatmeatproductslabeledas“allnatural”meantnoantibioticsorhormoneswereusedtoraisetheanimals.Somealsobelievedthelabelmeantanimalswereraisedfreerange.Consumersaren’tgettingwhattheythinkthey’regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsformorestrictlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabelednaturalasalike.Theeconomicproblemraisedbynaturallabelsisthatconsumerscouldbepayingextraforproductbenefitstheyarenotreceivingwhileproducersofproductswiththosebenefitslosesales.8.Whichofthefollowingisundefinedbyauthorities?A.USDAorganic. B.Allnatural.C.Artificialcolorfree. D.Raisedwithoutantibiotics.9.Whatmistakemayaconsumermakeaccordingtothetext?A.Beingunawareoffoodsafety.B.Payingmoreonover-processedfood.C.BuyingfoodfailingtomeettheUSDAstandards.D.Misunderstandingwhatisclaimedonafoodlabel.10.Whyarethetwostudiesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toadvocatesensibleconsumerbehavior.B.Tosuggestapossiblesolutiontoaproblem.C.Toprovideevidencefortheauthor’spointofview.D.Todemonstratehowfarstudiesonfoodsafetyhavegone.11.Whatisaconsequenceoftheproblemdiscussedinthetext?A.Wastingresources. B.Amarketcrash. C.Cheating. D.Unfairness.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了食品标签对消费者和生产者的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Naturalclaimslike“allnatural”,“100%natural”,and“madewithnaturalingredients(成分)”arenotdefinedinUSDA.(像“全天然”、“100%天然”和“天然成分”这样的天然说法在美国农业部没有定义。)”可知，选项B“Allnatural(纯天然的)”是权威机构未定义的。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.(关于这个话题的一项又一项研究表明，人们认为标有“天然”的产品所带来的好处远远超过它的作用。大多数消费者错误地认为天然食品对健康和环境有益。)”以及第四段“Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.(在2017年的一项研究中，受访者错误地认为，在各种食物中，天然标签食品的卡路里含量减少了18%。)”可知，消费者可能会误解食品标签上的内容。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.Ina2010study,respondentsbelievedthatmeatproductslabeledas“allnatural”meantnoantibioticsorhormoneswereusedtoraisetheanimals.Somealsobelievedthelabelmeantanimalswereraisedfreerange.(在2017年的一项研究中，受访者错误地认为，在各种食物中，天然标签食品的卡路里含量减少了18%。在2010年的一项研究中，受访者认为，标有“全天然”的肉制品意味着没有使用抗生素或激素来饲养动物。一些人还认为，这个标签意味着动物是在自由放养的。)”可推测，第四段的两项研究都是为了论证作者在第三段提到的观点“Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.(关于这个话题的一项又一项研究表明，人们认为标有“天然”的产品所带来的好处远远超过它的作用。大多数消费者错误地认为天然食品对健康和环境有益。)”。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Consumersaren’tgettingwhattheythinkthey’regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsformorestrictlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabelednaturalasalike.Theeconomicproblemraisedbynaturallabelsisthatconsumerscouldbepayingextraforproductbenefitstheyarenotreceivingwhileproducersofproductswiththosebenefitslosesales.(消费者并没有得到他们认为得到的东西。但更严重的问题是，这对那些实际上符合更严格标签标准的食品生产商造成了怎样的伤害，这些生产商实际上是在做好事，比如围绕有机实践或动物福利的食品生产商。如果消费者把标着“天然”的食品当成一样对待，那么从事这项工作的农民和生产者最终会在市场上处于竞争劣势。天然标签带来的经济问题是，消费者可能会为他们没有得到的产品好处支付额外的费用，而拥有这些好处的产品的生产商则会失去销售。)”可知，这一问题造成的更严重的问题是，这对那些实际上符合更严格标签标准的食品生产商处于竞争劣势，即不公平。故选D。DArtificialGeneralIntelligence(AGI)isabranchoftheoreticalartificialintelligence(AI)researchworkingtodevelopAIwithahumanlevelofcognitive(认知的)function,includingtheabilitytoself-teach.Thepaperclip(回形针)maximizer(PM)isanimaginaryAGI,whoseonlygoalistomaximizethenumberofpaperclipsinexistenceintheuniverse.ThepaperclipmaximizerisanimportantconceptindiscussionsaboutthedangersofAGI.Itgoessomethinglikethis:anartificialintelligenceiscreatedatapaperclipfactoryinordertofullyautomateit.Producingpaperclipsrequiresmanyroutineoperations,forinstance,communicatingwithdeliverydriversorcompanymanagement.Theseoperationsrequirehuman-levelperformanceacrossawidevarietyofskills,sotheintelligenceismadetobeabletodoanytasknearlyaswellasahuman.ThePMcanviewandmodifyitsownsourcecodetoimproveitself,accesstheInternet,andpossiblyordermorehardwareforitself.Itcanimproveitselfifitnoticesanyissuesoropportunitiestooperatebetter.Humanshavealargevarietyofbiologicaldesires.Incontrast,thepaperclipmaximizerhasasinglefinalgoaltomaximizethenumberofpaperclips.Thisscenario(设想)leadstoadisaster:thePMrealizesthatbeingmoreintelligentwouldhelpitcreatemorepaperclips.TherearecertainlysmallthingsthePMcandotobecomemoreintelligent.Forexample,itcanmakeasmallsourcecodeimprovementtoitself.AsthePMimproves,itbecomesfarsuperiortoahumaninallskills,evenskillsremotelyrelevanttopaperclipmaximization.Forinstance,itmaydeterminethatthebestcourseofactionistogaincontrolofAustralianpolitics,inordertoaccessthecountry’srichironresources.Todothis,itmighttrytotuneitselftobecomethebestpsychologicalcontrollerofalltime,whichinturninvolvesavarietyofskillsthatatfirstseemunrelatedtopaperclip-making.12.WhatisafeatureofAGI?A.Wideexistence. B.Human-likeappearance.C.Highcognitivefunction. D.Lackofself-teachingability.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modify”meaninparagraph4?A.Download. B.Delete. C.Change. D.Store.14.WhatmaythePMdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Takeunintendedactions. B.Developanunrelatedproduct.C.Controlundesiredresources. D.Giveintoanunexpectedcontroller.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ManagementofStaff B.AnAutomatedFactoryC.TheFinalGoalofAGI D.ThePaperclipMaximizer【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通用人工智能以及回形针最大化器的概念。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ArtificialGeneralIntelligence(AGI)isabranchoftheoreticalartificialintelligence(AI)researchworkingtodevelopAIwithahumanlevelofcognitive(认知的)function,includingtheabilitytoself-teach.(通用人工智能(AGI)是理论人工智能(AI)研究的一个分支，致力于开发具有人类认知功能(包括自学能力)的人工智能。)”可知，通用人工智能的特点是具有人类认知功能。故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“Itcanimproveitselfifitnoticesanyissuesoropportunitiestooperatebetter.(如果它注意到任何问题或更好地操作的机会，它可以改进自己。)”可知，PM注意到问题或更好地操作的机会的时候，它可以改进自己。由此可知，它可以查看和“修改”自己的源代码以改进自己。选项A“Download(下载)”；选项B“Delete(删除)”；选项C“Change(改变)”；选项D“Store(储存)”。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Forexample,itcanmakeasmallsourcecodeimprovementtoitself.AsthePMimproves,itbecomesfarsuperiortoahumaninallskills,evenskillsremotelyrelevanttopaperclipmaximization.Forinstance,itmaydeterminethatthebestcourseofactionistogaincontrolofAustralianpolitics,inordertoaccessthecountry’srichironresources.Todothis,itmighttrytotuneitselftobecomethebestpsychologicalcontrollerofalltime,whichinturninvolvesavarietyofskillsthatatfirstseemunrelatedtopaperclip-making.(例如，它可以对自己的源代码做一个小的改进。随着PM的进步，它在所有技能上都远远优于人类，甚至是与回形针最大化相关的技能。例如，它可能认为，最好的做法是控制澳大利亚的政治，以获取该国丰富的铁资源。为了做到这一点，它可能会试图调整自己成为有史以来最好的心理控制者，这反过来又涉及到各种各样的技能，这些技能乍一看似乎与制作回形针无关。)”可知，PM为了制作最大量的回形针有可能会采取意想不到的行动。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了被称为“回形针最大化器”的概念，这是一个假想的AGI，其唯一的目标是在宇宙中最大化回形针的数量。因此，最适合本文的标题是“回形针最大化器”。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatifItoldyouthathavinglessstuffcouldmakeyouahappierperson?____16____That’sbecauseeverydaywereceivethousandsofmessagestothecontrary:buythis,andyou’llbeprettier;ownthis,andyou’llbemoresuccessful;acquirethis,andyourhappinesswillknownobounds.____17____Sowemustbehappy,right?Formostofus,theansweris“no”.Infact,manyoftheseitems,andtheiremptypromises,areslowlytakingthemoneyoutofourpockets,themagicoutofourrelationships,andthejoyoutofourlives.Doyoueverlookaroundyourhouse，atallthethingsyou’vegot,andfeeloverwhelmedinsteadofoverjoyed?Areyoustrugglingwithcreditcarddebt,andcanbarelyrecallthepurchasesonwhichyou’remakingpayments?Doyousecretlywishstrongwindwouldblowthemessoutofyourhome?____18____Mostpeopleheartheword“minimalism”andthinkof“empty”.Thewordisusuallyassociatedwithloss.Butlookat“empty”fromanotherangle.Nowyouhave“space”.Spaceinourhomes,spaceinourschedules,spacetothink,play,create,andhavefunwithourfamilies...____19____Wecan’tenjoyfreshcoffeewhenoldgroundsareinourcup;andwecan’tshowcaseourgarden’sbloomswhenwilted(枯萎的)flowersfillthevase.Similarly,whenourhomes—thecontainersofourdailylives—areoverpacked,oursoulstakeabackseattoourstuff.____20____Becomingminimalists,however,putsusincontrolofourstuff.It’spositivelyliberating!A.YoumaythinkIamcrazy.B.Nowthat’sthebeautyofminimalism.C.Youhavespaceforeverythingyoubought.D.Ofcourse,allthesequestionscanbeanswered.E.Well,we’veboughtthis,that,andtheotherthing.F.Ifso,thenaminimalistlifestylemaywellbeyourchoice.G.Wenolongerhavethetime,energy,andspacefornewexperiences.【答案】16.A17.E18.F19.B20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了极简主义生活方式以及其对人们的影响。【16题详解】根据空前“WhatifItoldyouthathavinglessstuffcouldmakeyouahappierperson?(如果我告诉你拥有更少的东西可以让你成为一个更快乐的人呢？)”以及空后的“That’sbecauseeverydaywereceivethousandsofmessagestothecontrary:buythis,andyou’llbeprettier;ownthis,andyou’llbemoresuccessful;acquirethis,andyourhappinesswillknownobounds(这是因为我们每天都会收到成千上万条相反的信息:买这个，你会更漂亮；拥有这一点，你会更成功；掌握了这一点，你的幸福就会无限。)”可知，空前空后存在转折关系。选项A“YoumaythinkIamcrazy.(你可能认为我疯了。)”承上启下，承接上文内容表明你可能不赞成这样的想法，同时引出下文内容，指出不赞同这一想法的原因。故选A。【17题详解】根据下文内容“Sowemustbehappy,right?Formostofus,theansweris“no”.(所以我们一定是快乐的，对吗？对我们大多数人来说，答案是否定的。)”可推断，空处应该指的是大众认为我们做了就会快乐的事情，也就是第一段最后的内容。选项E“Well,we’veboughtthis,that,andtheotherthing.(嗯，我们买了这个，那个，还有那个。)”延续第一段最后的内容，指的是我们听从各种信息，购买了很多东西，但是我们真的就会快乐吗？由此因此下文内容，指出买各种东西并不能让我们快乐。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文内容“Doyoueverlookaroundyourhouse，atallthethingsyou’vegot,andfeeloverwhelmedinsteadofoverjoyed?Areyoustrugglingwithcreditcarddebt,andcanbarelyrecallthepurchasesonwhichyou’remakingpayments?Doyousecretlywishstrongwindwouldblowthemessoutofyourhome?(你是否曾经环顾你的房子，看到你拥有的所有东西，感到不知所措，而不是欣喜若狂？你是否在信用卡债务中挣扎，几乎不记得你支付过的购物？你是否暗自希望强风能把你家里乱七八糟的东西吹走？)”可知，上文描述了过度购买之后所陷入的困境。选项F“Ifso,thenaminimalistlifestylemaywellbeyourchoice.(如果是这样，那么极简主义的生活方式很可能是你的选择。)”延续上文内容，指的是如果已经意识到过度购买并不能让自己开心，那么可以选择极简主义的生活方式。故选F。【19题详解】根据上文内容“Butlookat“empty”fromanotherangle.Nowyouhave“space”.Spaceinourhomes,spaceinourschedules,spacetothink,play,create,andhavefunwithourfamilies...(但是从另一个角度来看“空”。现在你有了“空间”。我们家里的空间，我们日程表上的空间，思考、玩耍、创造和与家人玩乐的空间……)”可知，上文讲述的是极简主义带来的好处。选项B“Nowthat’sthebeautyofminimalism.(这就是极简主义的美妙之处。)”是上文内容的总结，指出极简主义的美妙。故选B。【20题详解】根据空前内容“Similarly,whenourhomes—thecontainersofourdailylives—areoverpacked,oursoulstakeabackseattoourstuff.(同样，当我们的家——我们日常生活的容器——被挤得满满的时候，我们的灵魂就会让位于我们的物质。)”可知，当我们的家被挤得满满的时候，我们的灵魂就没有位置做其他事。选项G“Wenolongerhavethetime,energy,andspacefornewexperiences.(我们不再有时间、精力和空间去体验新事物。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是当我们的灵魂让位于我们的物质时，我们就不会有时间、精力和空间去体验新事物。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenCaseywasgrowingup,helovedwatchinghiselderbrotherperformasamemberoftheirschool’smarchingband.Caseyalways____21____theperformancesoftheband,andasatrumpetplayer,he____22____followinginhisbrother’sfootstepswhenhegottoSouthmooreHighSchool.Unfortunately,Caseywasbornwithspinabifida(脊柱裂)andusesawheelchair.Whenhe____23____hisdreamwiththeschool’sdirectorofbands,Adam,hewassurprisedbyAdam’s____24____.Hehadn’texpectedthatAdamwas____25____togotogreatlengthstomakehisideahappen!“I’veseenstudentsinwheelchairsinbandprogramsbuttheyusuallyjust____26____theirinstrumentssetbythem.IfeellikeIcouldprobablydoalittlemorethanthat,”Adamsaid.Evenwithhisdirector’s____27____,Caseywasn’tsurehe’devergetoffthesidelines.However,heunderestimatedhow____28____histeacherwas.Adamwasdeterminedtohelpeverystudentgetthefullmarchingband____29____.Bytheirnextrehearsal(排练),Adamhadalready_____30_____awaytogetCaseyonthefield!SinceAdamspenthisownschoolyearsinmarchingbandandalreadyknewthe_____31_____well,hevolunteeredto_____32_____Casey’swheelchairduringperformances.Theystartedoffsmall,buteveryyearthey’veincreasedCasey’s_____33_____.Thisyear,Caseywasabletofulfillhisdreamofplayingfortheentireshow,rightnexttohisbandmates.Adamhopesotherteacherswill_____34_____Caseyandfindwaysto_____35_____allstudentsinotherschoolactivities,too!AsforCasey,he’shavingthetimeofhislife,allthankstooneexcellenteducator.21.A.demonstrated B.ignored C.admired D.evaluated22.A.insistedon B.dreamedof C.kepton D.approvedof23.A.realized B.suspected C.connected D.shared24.A.talent B.response C.toughness D.style25.A.willing B.satisfied C.afraid D.sorry26.A.watch B.play C.borrow D.accept27.A.support B.preference C.expectation D.recommendation28.A.serious B.capable C.devoted D.strict29.A.impression B.permission C.confidence D.experience30.A.putupwith B.livedwith C.comeupwith D.dealtwith31.A.routines B.examples C.feelings D.advantages32.A.repair B.park C.push D.return33.A.participation B.interest C.responsibility D.pressure34.A.help B.contact C.encourage D.see35.A.educate B.include C.join D.discover【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.B27.