2022届优质校一模英语试卷汇编-阅读理解之议论文 答案版

2017年高考“最后三十天”专题透析2017年高考“最后三十天”专题透析好教育云平台--教育因你我而变好教育云平台--教育因你我而变专题专题11××阅读理解之议论文常考题型常考题型题型考查年份考查话题议论文2021年全国甲卷世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式2021新高考1卷D篇论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，提出对情商研究的未来展望2021.3天津卷论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家2020·天津卷论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足…………方法点拨方法点拨1.议论文特点分析议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。2.解题方法把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。2021新高考1卷D篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.2.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：“Manypeoplenowmisunderstand…asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeup…”分析可知，大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子suchascharacter,motivation,confidence…则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。2.推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph2，定位到第二段“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceas…”；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明“好目的”和“坏目的”。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据题干信息“popularizationofemotionalintelligence”定位到第三段：“Althoughpopularbeliefsregarding…theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究）是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。4.主旨大意题。根据题干信息lastparagraph定位到最后一段“Itisourhopethat…advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence…mayservetopointusintherightdirection.”分析可知，我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供一个新的视角。而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向。B项中的Expectationsforfuturestudies.符合题意。故选B。2020·新课标II卷D篇Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.5.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.7.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】5.C6.B7.C8.D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。5.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)”可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。6.词句猜测题。根据上文“AsIgrewolderandbecameamother”可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文“Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)”可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)”可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。8.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。试题汇编试题汇编辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模ThearticleWhatChinaGetsRightaboutRelationshipsbySamMassieremindsmeoftheQuoraquestionabouttheopiniononChinesepeople.Obviously,answersfromdifferentpeoplewon’tbethesame.Tome,thosedifferentpeoplefallintotwogroups:thosewithavaguepictureofChina,andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell.It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice:“Whenwaschild,wastaughttobewatchfularoundChinesepeople-theywerethetypethatsmiledwhenoffendedbecausethey’llstabyouinthebackinrevenge(报复).Theyvaluedmoneyoverhumanlife,andthatwasmotive(动机)foralltheiractivities.”-QuoraUser.Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople.ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(yes,especiallyhighschoolstudents).Allthesearerathertoosimpleandgeneral.Bycontrast,tothosewecallaChina-hand,itisquiteobviousthattheword“Chinese”bearsmuchmore.Intoday’severglobalizedworld,moreandmoreforeignfriendsareincreasinglyattractedtoChineseculture.TheylearnChinese,makeChinesefriends,watchChinesemovies,andpayvisitsorevenmovetoChina.Understandingthedifferencesbetweentheeastandthewest,theycouldseethroughtheappearance.Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimple.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontoarethein-group/out-groupeffects.SamMassieiswiseinsayingthat“rudenesstostrangersistheflipside(相反面)ofdeepbondswithlovedones.Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.What’syouropinion?1.Accordingtothewriter,thefirstgroup________.A.judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedlyB.seewellintoChinesecultureC.turnouttobeill-educatedatschoolD.drawreasonableconclusionsaboutChina2.AChina-handwillmostprobablyagreethat________.A.ChinesepeoplecandoanythingtofightbackagainstthosewhooffendthemB.ChinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeopleC.ChinahasalonghistoryandthemosthardworkingstudentsintheworldD.Chinaisprofit-drivenandasaresult,peoplearecoldtostrangers3.Theunderlinedwordstereotypeinthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A.changingandreasonableidea B.afixedandoftenrightideaC.afixedandoftenfalseidea D.achangingandunfairidea4.Thewriter’sattitudetoSamMassie’sbookis________.A.approving B.objective C.critical D.indifferent【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了萨姆·马西书中关于一些西方人对中国人存在刻板印象，作者赞成萨姆·马西的观点，认为中国人是慷慨的、真诚的。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice(第一类人很容易得出带有偏见的结论)”可知，第一类人看待中国人有偏见，因此，根据本文，第一类人是A项“judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedly(片面地评价中国人)”符合题意。故选A项。2.推理判断题。根据第一中的“andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell(另一类是非常了解中国文化的人)”以及最后一段“Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople(我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质)”可知，萨姆·马西非常了解中古文化，并且喜欢中国人的慷慨和真诚。因此，一个“中国通”最可能赞成的是B.项“Chinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeople(中国文化很有吸引力，中国人也很慷慨和真诚)”符合题意。故选B项。3.词义猜测题。根据第四段“ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(遗憾的是，许多人对中国有着不清楚的认识——历史悠久，人口众多，长城，熊猫快餐，节日，茶，功夫片，廉价和劣质的衣服，制造业的力量，非常大的内部市场，以及勤奋)”可知，很多人对中国的认识是不清楚的，凭想当然的一种刻板印象。因此，划线词所在句子的意思为“如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象”，划线词stereotype的意思为C项“afixedandoftenfalseidea(一种固定的、通常是错误的看法)”符合题意。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据第三段“Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople(如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象)”以及最后一段“Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimple…Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.(在许多情况下，一些西方人对中国的第一印象不过是粗鲁无礼，但实际上并不是那么简单……我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质。对我来说，不管西方人的意见是什么，真正重要的是我们的行为举止和对待他人的方式。)”可知，作者认为，很多人对中国人的了解是片面的，他们对中国人存在刻板印象，是实际上并不能这么简单的看，作者和萨姆·马西的都认为中国人是慷慨、真诚的。因此，作者对萨姆·马西的书的态度是A项“approving(赞成)”符合题意。故选A项。2021届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.Beforethis,wordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewords.Todayinmanylanguages—includingEnglish-thereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstops,commasandothertextmarks.However,somebelievethisischanging.DrRobertFrost,whostudieslanguage,sayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuationsymbolsbecausetheyfeeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthem.So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?Yes—punctuationisimportantPunctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclear.Ifaparentmessagedtosay,“It'stimetoeat,children,”thisisdifferentfrom“It'stimetoeatchildren”.Thesecondsentencewouldprobablymakeyouwanttorunintheoppositedirectionbecauseitsoundsasthoughchildrenwereonthemenu.TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence.“Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,”Pierceclaims.“Otherwise,thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact.”Besides,learningthedifferentwayspunctuationmarkscanbeusedisfun.Itcanaddalottothestyleofwritingandmakeitclearer.No—wedon'tneeditPunctuation.Even,ifasentenceisbadlypunctuated,likethisone:Itcanstillbe,understood.Thisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,“Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning,notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence,peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.Forinstance,whenpeoplespeak,theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother.”Also,punctuationcanbeconfusing—therearelotsofcomplexrulestoobserve,andifitisusedincorrectlyitcancausemoreproblemsthaniftherewerenone,punctuationsimplyisn'tneeded.5.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscussalternativeviewpoints. B.Tosupportoneargumentoveranother.C.Toevaluatethestrengthofcompetingideas. D.Tooutlinehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage.6.Whobelievespunctuationisnecessary?A.RobertFrostandKellyJones. B.AristophanesandRobertFrost.C.JonathanPierceandKellyJones. D.AristophanesandJonathanPierce.7.Inparagraph3,theunderlinedpartisusedas________A.adefinition. B.afact. C.anexample. D.anerror.8.WhichofthefollowingcanbeastrongargumentagainstKellyJones'sopinion?A.Punctuationaddstotheeffectandrichnessofalanguage.B.Withoutpunctuation,peoplewouldbebreathlesswhenspeaking.C.Pausesandtonesinspeechservesimilarfunctionstopunctuation.D.Thechoiceandorderofwordsareimportanttoconveyingmeaning.【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了标点符号的发明历史以及从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法。5.推理判断题。根据第一段中“So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?(那么，标点符号是有用的还是麻烦的呢？)”结合文章从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法，可推知，这篇文章的目的是讨论不同的观点。故选A。6.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.(大约在公元前200年，古希腊图书管理员Aristophanes发明了一种标记系统，将文本分解，使其更易于阅读)”以及第二段中“TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence.“Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,”Pierceclaims.“Otherwise,thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact.”(作者JonathanPierce认为，标点可以用来增加戏剧效果，打破词语的顺序，改变句子的节奏。Pierce称：“这能让作者把句子写得更有趣，这样读者就不会感到无聊。“否则，这些词互相碰撞就会失去它们的影响力。”)”可知，Aristophanes和JonathanPierce认为标点是必要的。故选D。7.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Punctuation.Evenifasentenceisbadlypunctuated,likethisone:Itcanstillbe,understood.Thisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.(标点符号。即使一个句子标点符号用得不好，就像下面这句话：它仍然可以，被理解。这段简短的文字表明，单词才是句子的重要组成部分，而不是它们之间的符号)”可推知，在第三段中，下划线部分是一个例子。故选C。8.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,“Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning,notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence,peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.Forinstance,whenpeoplespeak,theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother.”(牛津大学的语言学家KellyJones说：“单词出现的顺序，而不是标点符号，就能传达意思。如果对这句话的意思有任何疑问，人们能聪明得理解这个人真正想说什么。例如，当人们说话时，他们不使用标点符号，但我们仍然可以理解对方。”)”可推知，KellyJones认为标点符号没有必要，因为人们说话不使用标点符合也可以传达意思，结合选项可知C选项“说话中的停顿和声调与标点的作用相似”的观点可以有力地反驳KellyJones的观点。故选C。2021届广东省江门市高三一模英语测试题Iamaputterer—apersonspendingalotoftimedoingthingspeopleusuallyconsiderunimportantinarelaxedway.However,Idon’tthinkputteringiswastingmytime.Itisasatisfyingwayofdealingwithone’sdomesticenvironmentinawayonecannotdowiththeworldatlarge.Asafather,I’vehadadifficulttimecommunicatingthistomycollege-ageson.Tomrecentlyboughtausedcar.Iwasproudofhimfornegotiatingagooddeal.WhenIlookeditover,Inoticedatinyspotofrust(锈).Likeasuperheroouttosavetheday,Irushedtowardtheimperfectionwithapieceofsandpaperandasmallbottleofclearnailpolishfrommyputteringresources.TomwatchedasIsandedthespotandthencoateditwiththenailpolish.Herolledhiseyes.“You’llunderstandsomeday,”Itoldhim.Asarule,Idonotusuallyconductsuchpublicperformances.Putteringis,inbrief,asolitary(独自进行的)act,andputterersaremodestpeople.Theyobservesmallthingsthatmostfolkssimplytolerateapicturehungnotinastraightposition,adoornotshuttingwell,ashakytablelegItdoesn'ttakemucheffortortimetorightsuchdeficiencies.Butonceagain,thereissomethinginthesensibilityoftheputtererthatmakescorrectingthemdeeplyrewarding.Allofthisrisksgivinganimpressionofendless’andperhapsmindlessactivity.Butnothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thebeautyofputteringisthatitisasymbolofhavingcontroloverone’stime,respondingtotheneedsofone’shomeasoneseesfit:IfIdon’tfixtheshakykitchentabletoday,Icandoittomorrow,orthenextday,ornotatall.Puttering,youmightsay,hassetmefree.9.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTom’sattitudetowardhisfather’sputtering?A.Disapproval. B.Admiration.C.Gratitude. D.Embarrassment.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heisextremelystrictwithhisson. B.Heshowsinterestincollectingoldthings.C.Hehasanobservingeyeforsmallthings. D.Heoftenoverlooksothers’imperfections.11.Whichofthefollowingwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“deficiencies”inparagraph3?A.Consequences. B.Obstacles.C.Inconveniences. D.Drawbacks.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBenefitsofPuttering B.MyEnjoymentofPutteringC.Puttering，WastingTime D.Puttering,MyDailyLife【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。短文主要叙述了作者是一个悠闲地做琐碎事的人，作者很享受自己的状态。9.推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾内容“TomwatchedasIsandedthespotandthencoateditwiththenailpolish.Herolledhiseyes.”可知汤姆看着父亲用砂纸打磨那块地方，然后在上面涂上指甲油，他翻了个白眼。因此可以推知，Tom对于作者磨蹭行为的不屑，不赞成的，选项A.Disapproval.(反对)说明了Tom的态度。故选A项。10.推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Theyobservesmallthingsthatmostfolkssimplytolerateapicturehungnotinastraightposition,adoornotshuttingwell,ashakytableleg”可知作者需要观察那些大多数人都能容忍的小事——一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖，因此判断出，他是一个善于观察小事的人，有敏锐的观察力。故选C项。11.词义猜测题。根据划线单词之前的such可知，“suchdeficiencies”应是指代前文提及的“apicturehungnotinastraightposition,adoornotshuttingwell,ashakytableleg(一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖)”，因此，可以推知deficiencies应是“缺陷；缺点”含义，与选项D.Drawbacks(缺点)含义相同。故选D项。12.主旨大意题。文章结构为总分总结构，末段再次呼应文章主旨：Thebeautyofputteringisthatitisasymbolofhavingcontroloverone’stime,respondingtotheneedsofone’shomeasoneseesfit:IfIdon’tfixtheshakykitchentabletoday,Icandoittomorrow,orthenextday,ornotatall.Puttering,youmightsay,hassetmefree.(“磨蹭”的美妙之处在于，它象征着你可以控制自己的时间，以自己认为合适的方式回应家里的需要：如果我今天不修理摇摇晃晃的厨房桌子，我明天就可以做，或者第二天，或者根本就不做。你可能会说，磨蹭让我获得了自由。)可知，本文的主要内容讲述了作者对于自己的悠闲地做琐碎事的人的理解和感悟。选项B.“享受悠闲地做琐碎事”贴合主题，为最佳标题。故选B项。2020届山东省临沂市高三一模Wespendathirdofouradultlivesworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically,workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300,000-yearhumanevolution(进化),workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsomewhereelse,likespirituality,art,religion,orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,ifnotpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeaworkerwhoreturnedfromatypicalworkdayatafactorycomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidn’tearnmuchortheywerewornoutandraretoseethattheycomplaintheydidn’texperienceasenseofpurpose.Similarly,theideathatweoughttobringour“wholeself”toworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinventedtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkrole.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentity,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemother,husband,American,Christian,captainofthelocalsoccerteam,etc.Others,however,haveverylowpsychologicaldistancewiththeirworkrole,seeingitasessentiallyintertwined(交融的)withwhotheyare.Theydon’tjustcometowork,theyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritualtypeofconnectionwiththeirjobs.Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics(工作狂)mostcompanieslongfor.13.Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlivesworking?A.Toprepareforfuturecareers. B.Tofindthewatersources.C.Tohelpusevolve. D.Tomakeussurvive.14.Whydidthewritermentiontheworkeracentury,ago?A.Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork. B.Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C.Toshowusthebadolddays. D.Tocomplainabouttheexperience.15.WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A.Employeeshavedifferentunderstandingsabouttheirworkrole.B.Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C.Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D.Workers’coreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.16Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavour?A.Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B.Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkrole.C.Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D.Thosewhopossessexperience.【答案】13.D14.B15.A16.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。成年后，我们有三分之一的时间在工作，还有很大一部分时间在为职业生涯做准备。工作是为了生存，而把“完整的自己”带到工作中去，这也是一种相当新颖的职业建议。文章还说明了不同的人对工作的看法。13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.”可知我们工作是为了吃饭，避免被吃掉。由此可知，我们成年后大部分时间都在工作，是为了生存。故选D。14.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,ifnotpostmodern,invention.”可知我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作，这种想法即使不是后现代的，也是相当现代的发明。接着后文作者提到了这个一个世纪前的工人，由此可推知，作者提到这个一个世纪前的工人，是为了证明这个想法是现代的。故选B。15.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkrole.”可知他的观点是，员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同。由此可知，A选项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于WilliamKahn的观点。故选A。16.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholicsmostcompanieslongfor.”可知他们似乎几乎被工作迷住了，是大多数公司渴望的工作狂类型。由此可知，大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选C。湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考Janus,theRomangod,hastwofaceslookinginoppositedirections.Sodoesartificialintelligence(AI).Ononesidearethepositivechanges,enablingpeopletoachievemore,farmorequickly,byusingtechnologytoimprovetheirexistingskills.Looktheotherway,though,andthereareplentyofpotentialpitfalls.LikeJanus,technologicalchangemayalsocausedisruption(混乱),butAIislikelytohaveabiggerimpactthananythingsincetheappearanceofcomputers,anditsconsequencescouldbefarmoredisruptive.Intheyearsahead,AIwillraisethreebigquestionsforbossesandgovernments.Oneistheeffectonjobs.AlthoughCEOspubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbring,theirmaininterestliesincuttingcosts.OneEuropeanbankaskedInfosystofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfrom50,000to500.TheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteestimatesthatby2030upto375mpeople,or14%oftheglobalworkforce,couldhavetheirjobsreplacedbyAI.AsecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreads.Theinternethasalreadymadeitpossibletotrackpeople’sdigitalbehaviorinminutedetail.AIwillofferevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumersandemployees,bothonlineandinthephysicalworld.Consumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalisedserviceorpromotions.ButAIisboundtobringinvasionofprivacythatisseenasunacceptable.Forexample,law-enforcementofficialsaroundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsomonitorordinarycitizens.ThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusines