2023-2024学年湖南省永州一中高三上学期第一次月考英语试题 （解析版）

永州一中2024届高三第一次月考试题英语科第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howwillthewomangototheman’shouse?A.Bytaxi.B.Bytrain.C.Bybus.2.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Havelunchfirst.B.BuyanotherT-shirt.C.Wearwarmerclothes.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Helikesdarkness.B.Heisgoingblind.C.Hecan’tstandthestronglight.4.Wheremaytheconversationtakeplace?A.Inagym.B.Onamountain.C.Athome.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.SelectingaTVprogram.B.Improvingpeople’shealth.C.Livinginthecountryside.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.WhydoesSusanwanttoliveinasmalltown?A.Foraneasyjob.B.Foritsquietenvironment.C.Foritslowhousingprice.7.WhatisChristopherdoingnow?A.Topurchaseahouse.B.Tolandajob.C.Toemployaperson.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whydoesthewomanthinkyoungpeoplepreferpublictransportation?A.Decreaseinincome.B.Difficultyofparking.C.Convenienceoforderingtaxis.9.Whydoesthewomanlikecars?A.Theyrunfast.B.Theyarefreesometimes.C.Theycangoanywhere.10.Whendidthemangetridofhisvehicle?A.Onemonthago.B.Halfayearago.C.Ayearago.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.Whatdoesthemanshowthewoman?A.Hisvisa.B.Hispassport.C.HisIDcard.12.Wheredoesthemanprefertosit?A.Awayfromthewindow.B.Ontheleftsideoftheplane.C.Bytheemergencyexit.13.Whatwillthemandowithhisluggage?A.Takeitwithhim.B.Makeitlighter.C.Checkitin.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。14.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Toreportherachievements.B.Toaskforahigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.15.Howisthebusinessofthecompany?A.Betterthanbefore.B.Asgoodasbefore.C.Worsethanbefore.16.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Hercontributionstothecompany.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Herfinancialpressure.17.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Justso-so.B.Disappointing.C.Content.听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewpublicswimmingpool?ATherewillbelifeguardstoensuresafety.B.Itwillbebuiltnearthecitypark.C.Theindoorandoutdoorpoolsareseparated.19.WhatisElizabethGreenfield?A.Anofficial.B.Ahostess.C.Areporter.20.Whenwilltheconstructionbefinished?A.InJanuary.B.InApril.C.InMay.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExploreScenicTrainJourneysThefourmostscenictrainjourneysprovidenotonlybeautifulsceneriesatdestinationcities,butalsocharmingviewsoutsidethetrains’windowsontheway.Route1:XiningtoLhasaLength:around1,900kmDuration:22hoursThistrainrouteisthelongesthighaltitudetraintripintheworld—namedasthewaytothesky.Mostofthisrouteisover4,000metersanditgoesabove5,000metersseveraltimes.AfterthetrainhasleftXiningRailwayStationforaboutanhour,youcanseetheboundlesslake—QinghaiLake.Route2:LhasatoRikazeLength:around250kmDuration:2.5hoursThisrailwayhasanaveragehighaltitudeofabove3,600meters.ItmakesTibettravelmoreconvenientfortravelers,especiallythosewhowanttoseeMountQomolangma.Alongtherailwayline,youcanseelocalfarmersandyaks(牦牛).Andmostofthetime,youcanappreciateaplateau(高原)landscapeofmountainsandmeadows.Route3:ChengdutoKunmingLength:around1,100kmDuration:6hours(high-speedtrain)FromChengdu’splainsarea,withanaltitudeofabout400meters,thetraingoesuptoaltitudesofabout2,000meters,travelingthroughtunnelsandacrossmountains.ThecomplexgeographyalongtherailwaylinegivesthisroutethenameofGeologicalMuseum.Route4:BeijingtoShanghaiLength:around1,300kmDuration:5.5hoursBeijingandShanghaiaretwoofthemostpopularcitiesforforeigntravelerswhocometoChinaforthefirsttime.ItisatripthatcombinessomeofChina’smainurbanlandscapeswithcultivatedcountrysidesceneryandmountainsinbetween.Thenewandmodernfacilitiesonthetrainensureyouhaveacomfortablejourney.1.Whichroutetakestheleasttime?A.LhasatoRikaze. B.ChengdutoKunming.C.XiningtoLhasa. D.BeijingtoShanghai.2WhatmakesRoute3special?A.Itsconveniencefortravelers. B.Itswidepopularityamongforeigners.C.Itscomplicatedgeographyalongtheroute. D.Itsnewandmodernfacilitiesonthetrain.3.Whatdothefourrouteshaveincommon?A.Travelerscanexperiencehighaltitudetraintrips.B.Travelerscanwitnessaplateauviewandsomeyaks.C.TravelerscanappreciatethesceneryofQinghaiLake.D.Travelerscanadmirebeautifulviewsfromthetrainwindows.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了四条风景最优美的火车之旅。【1题详解】细节理解题。从每段旅程的“Duration”中可知，Route1:XiningtoLhasa需22小时，Route2:LhasatoRikaze需2.5小时，Route3:ChengdutoKunming需6小时，Route4:BeijingtoShanghai需5.5小时。所以Route2:LhasatoRikaze所需的时间是最少的。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Route3:ChengdutoKunming下的段落中“FromChengdu’splainsarea,withanaltitudeofabout400meters,thetraingoesuptoaltitudesofabout2,000meters,travelingthroughtunnelsandacrossmountains.ThecomplexgeographyalongtherailwaylinegivesthisroutethenameofGeologicalMuseum.(从海拔约400米的成都平原地区出发，列车将上升到海拔约2000米的地方，穿过隧道和山脉。铁路沿线复杂的地理环境使这条线路被称为地质博物馆)”可知，这条铁路线沿线地形复杂，被称为“地质博物馆”。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thefourmostscenictrainjourneysprovidenotonlybeautifulsceneriesatdestinationcities,butalsocharmingviewsoutsidethetrains’windowsontheway.(这四条风景最优美的火车之旅不仅提供了目的地城市的美景，还提供了沿途车窗外迷人的景色)”可知，旅客们在这四条铁路线上都可以欣赏到窗外美丽的风景。故选D项。BAcrossthegardensofBritain,peoplearebuildingsheds(工棚).Peoplehavegonecrazyaboutsheds.TheTimberTradeFederationreportsthatinOctober,thelastmonthforwhichstatisticswereavailable,importsofsoftwoodwere34%higherthanayearearlier.Withstocks(库存)runninglow,whatwoodisavailableisquicklysoldout.Agardenshedusedtobemostlyaplacetostoretools,oraplacetodiscusshowtogrowflowersandenjoyteaandsnackswhiletherainfallsoutside,accordingtoMichaelRand,anexpertgardener.Butthecreativebrain-workerhaslongputittomoreproductiveuse.RoaldDahlandDylanThomaswroteinsheds.GeorgeBernardShawhadoneinhisHertfordshiregardenthatfacedthesun.Besidesgrowingflowers,theshedsnowbeingbuiltarealsooftenintendedforwork.However,theyaregranderthantheonesthosepioneershed-writersused.GreenRetreats,whichmostlybuildsgardenoffices,saysthatoverallsalesonbuildingshedsgrewby113%between2019and2020.Largerandfancierstructuresareespeciallypopular.Thishasanimportantimpactoncities.UrbanscholarslikeRichardFloridaandEdwardGlaeserarebusytryingtoworkoutwhethertheriseinhome-workingthathasoccurredduringtheCOVID-19pandemicwillcontinuewhenthevirusdeclines.Ifitdoes,manyservicejobsincities,fromwaiterstotaxidrivers,willdisappear.Publictransportsystemswillstruggle.Thevalueofcity-centrehousingwilldrop.Theshedboommakesthatoutcomemorelikely.Awhite-collarworkerwhohastriedtoworkfromthekitchentableforthepastninemonthsmightbekeentoreturntotheoffice.AworkerwhohasabeautifulgardenshedwithWi-Fiwillnothopeso.JoelBird,whobuildspersonalizedsheds,iscertainthathiscustomersexpectalong-termchangeintheirworkinghabits.“Theydon’tconsiderhome-workingtobetemporary,”hesays.“They’respendingtoomuchmoneyonsheds.”4.WhydidBritainbuymoresoftwoodfromothercountries?A.Softwoodwascheaperthisyear.B.Demandsforshedswereontherise.C.Softwoodsupplierswerefewerthanbefore.D.BritonsstoredsoftwoodlikecrazyduetoCOVID-19.5.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Previousshed-writers. B.Variousfunctionsofsheds.C.Improvementsonshed-building. D.Thedevelopmentofshed-offices.6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Theshedboommightthreateneconomyincities.B.Workersareeagertoreturntoworkintheiroffices.C.Morepeopleprefergardeningintheirbeautifulsheds.D.People’sworkinghabitsremainthesameafterCOVID-19.7.WhatisJoelBird’sattitudetoreturningtoworkinofficeafterCOVID-19?A.Unclear. B.Optimistic. C.Indifferent. D.Pessimistic.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了如今英国流行的在自家的花园棚屋办公的现象。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“AcrossthegardensofBritain,peoplearebuildingsheds(工棚).Peoplehavegonecrazyaboutsheds.TheTimberTradeFederationreportsthatinOctober,thelastmonthforwhichstatisticswereavailable,importsofsoftwoodwere34%higherthanayearearlier.(在英国的花园中，人们正在建造棚屋。人们为棚屋而疯狂。木材贸易联合会(TheTimberTradeFederation)报告称，10月份，也就是可获得统计数据的最后一个月，软木进口量比去年同期增长了34%)”可知，英国人“疯狂地”在花园里搭建棚屋，所以对softwood的需求在增加。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Besidesgrowingflowers,theshedsnowbeingbuiltarealsooftenintendedforwork.However,theyaregranderthantheonesthosepioneershed-writersused.GreenRetreats,whichmostlybuildsgardenoffices,saysthatoverallsalesonbuildingshedsgrewby113%between2019and2020.Largerandfancierstructuresareespeciallypopular.(除了种植花卉，现在正在建造的棚屋也经常用于工作。然而，它们比那些先驱棚户作家使用的更宏伟。主要建造花园办公室的GreenRetreats表示，在2019年至2020年期间，建造棚屋的总销售额增长了113%。更大、更华丽的建筑尤其受欢迎)”可知，作者主要介绍的是现在的棚屋在建设上的提升。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ifitdoes,manyservicejobsincities,fromwaiterstotaxidrivers,willdisappear.Publictransportsystemswillstruggle.Thevalueofcity-centrehousingwilldrop.Theshedboommakesthatoutcomemorelikely.(如果是这样的话，城市里从服务员到出租车司机等许多服务性工作将会消失。公共交通系统将举步维艰。市中心房屋的价值将会下降。棚户区的繁荣使这种结果更有可能出现)”可知，棚屋的兴起可能会对城市的经济带来一定的威胁。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“JoelBird,whobuildspersonalizedsheds,iscertainthathiscustomersexpectalong-termchangeintheirworkinghabits.“Theydon’tconsiderhome-workingtobetemporary,”hesays.“They’respendingtoomuchmoneyonsheds.”(建造个性化棚屋的乔尔·伯德(JoelBird)确信，他的客户希望长期改变他们的工作习惯。“他们不认为在家工作是暂时的，”他说。“他们在棚屋上花了太多钱。”)”可推知，他对疫情后回归办公室工作是不看好的。故选D。CWhenyouthinkaboutit,foodisanimportantpartofourlives.Familygatheringscenteraroundfoodandthecelebrationofmajorlifeeventsandmilestonesinvolvesfoodinonewayoranother.ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.Foodisimportantandendsupusuallybeingatopicofdiscussionforalmosteverycrew.ThefoodthatwehavehereonISShastomeetmanydifferentrequirements.Whataboutvariety?Howdoyoumeetallofthepeculiaritiesofthepeoplethatyoucomeacross,especiallywhentheyarefromdifferentcultures?Whataboutthelogistics(物流)ofgettingtherightfoodhereattherighttime?Sothereareacoupleofdifferentquestionsyouhavetoconsiderwhenyoutalkaboutfoodandlong-durationspaceflight.OntheU.S.sidewehavegonetoastandardmenu,meaningthatevery16daysyoustartoverwiththesamemenu.Tocompensatethecrews,weareallowedtopickone“preference”containerwhichconsistsofourpickofanythingontheU.S.menulist.Thisallowsussomevarietyinourmenu,withthechoicesuptous.Oneofthedesirableoptionsforanycrewistomakesurethatenoughtortillas(墨西哥玉米粉薄饼)getonboard.Youcandosomuchwithatortilla;itbecomesthevehiclewithwhichtoeatalmostanything.Ourfoodalsocomespackagedinmanyways.Butnomatterwhattheformofthefoodthough,youstillhavethesameproblemeatingit--youdonotwantitflyingawayfromyouandmakingamesswhenyouopenitup.Inthiscasealittlebitofextrawaterisextremelyhelpful.Itkeepsthefoodkindofstickingtogetherandtothepackageandtoyourspoon.Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhardtominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.Thatisenoughfornow!NexttimeIwillwriteabouthowtocookinspace.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Afoodmagazine. B.Anastronaut’sjournal.C.Asci-fihandbook. D.Aspacehistorywebsite.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“peculiarities”meaninparagraph2?A.Ambitioustargets. B.Similarrequests.C.Unusualhabits. D.Harshconditions.10.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtortillas?A.Toillustratethepreferencecontainer. B.Togiveanexampleofstandardmenu.C.Toadvocatetortillastothereaders. D.Toshowthevarietyoffoodoptions.11.Whatcanbeinferredabouteatinginspace?A.Foodpackagingisoptional. B.Sufficientwaterhelpstransportfood.C.Flyingfoodproblemisunavoidable. D.Eatinginspaceiseasierthanmostimagine.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空饮食中食物种类、食物包装等的相关内容。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.(对于在空间站的我们而言也是如此。)”,以及最后一段中的“NexttimeIwillwriteabouthowtocookinspace.(下次我会写一写在太空烹饪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇宇航员的太空日志。故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。第二段第一句提到“ThefoodthatwehavehereonISShastomeetmanydifferentrequirements.Whataboutvariety?”（我们在国际空间站上的食物必须满足许多不同的要求。多样性怎么样?）以及后文中“thepeoplethatyoucomeacross,especiallywhentheyarefromdifferentcultures”（当你遇到不同文化背景的人时）由此判断，在太空中可能会遇见文化习俗不一样的宇航员，每一个人的习惯都有可能不一样的，对于“你”可能是很正常的，但是对于别人而言有可能不寻常，因此可以得知,peculiarities的意思应是“不寻常的习惯”。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。第三段第二、三句提到“Tocompensatethecrews,weareallowedtopickone“preference”containerwhichconsistsofourpickofanythingontheU.S.menulist.Thisallowsussomevarietyinourmenu,withthechoicesuptous.”（为了补偿机组人员，我们可以选择一个“偏好”集装箱，其中包括我们在美国菜单上选择的任何东西。这让我们在菜单上有了一些多样性，选择由我们自己决定。）可以得知，美国宇航员在太空中更喜欢吃玉米粉薄饼，因此作者提到tortillas的用意是举例解释宇航员们的“preferencecontainer(偏好食盒)”。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhardtominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.(细小食物的确时不时逃逸出来,但我们尽力把食物乱飞的情况降至最低。)”可以得知，食物乱飞的情况是不可避免的。故选C。DIt’snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedonresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeiscrowdedwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms.Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores,areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne(空气传播的).Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.Scientistssaytheorganismsattachtosmokeparticles,allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon’tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit’scertainlypossiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.“Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticlesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,”saysChen.“ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking:Coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses?”Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis“certainlyalarming”,saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromparagraph2?A.Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.B.Theycouldreproduceinlargenumbersafterfires.C.Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D.Theycaneasilyattachthemselvestosmokeparticles.13.HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A.Theymightworsenlungdiseases. B.Theywillcauselunginfections.C.Theywilldestroylivingenvironments. D.Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.14.Whyarelow-incomepeoplesufferingmorethanothers?A.Theyliveinpoorareas.B.Theydrivetoandfromwork.C.Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease.D.Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Resultsofthenewresearch.B.Suggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.C.DisagreementsbetweentheauthorandChen.D.Benefitsofpreventingsmokefrompollutingtheair.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.(你可能会认为火的高温会杀死这些生物，但文章中提到的一项研究发现，一些细菌甚至会在火后繁殖)”可知，从第二段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能繁殖。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon’tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit’scertainlypossiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.(陈说，许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，但对于已经存在肺部疾病的人来说，大量的细菌和真菌肯定会加重症状)”可知，陈彼得博士认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.(杰克说，对于低收入人群来说尤其如此，因为收入较少的人往往更容易受到环境的影响。如果烟雾影响了某个地区的空气质量，那么在外面工作的人，或者必须步行或骑自行车去办公室的人，会比开车的人吸入更多的烟雾)”可知，烟雾会传播疾病这件事对低收入的人群有更大的影响，是因为他们更多地直接接触被污染的空气。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.(但在更多的研究完成之前，陈说，人们能做的最好的事情就是在空气质量差的时候遵循现有的建议，包括呆在室内，关闭门窗，使用高效微粒空气过滤器和开空调)”可知，最后一段主要陈述了应对被污染空气的建议。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast.___16___Isitreallythatimportant?Inasense,itreallymatters.EnergyrestorationTheword“breakfast”comesfrom“breakingthefast”—theideaofendingtheperiodinwhichwedidn’teatduringthenight.Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.___17___So,inthatway,ahealthybreakfastmakessense.WeightmanagementTherearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtolinkastateofobesitywithskippingbreakfast.___18___InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoversevenyears,andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohavealowerBMI,whichseemstosuggestthatbreakfastmayindeedhelppeoplemaintainahealthyweight.Betterbrainfunction___19___Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguage.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,thoughtheeffectsonotherbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,oneoftheresearcherssaysthereisreasonableevidencethatbreakfastdoesimproveconcentration.What’smostimportantiswhatweeatforbreakfast.High-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingfoodcravingsandconsumptionlaterintheday.However,studiesfoundthatthereisnoagreementonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier.___20___A.Breakfasthelpsusrefilltheexhaustedstores.B.Thisfeastisnecessarilygivesusanewstart.C.Weight-lossislikelytocausethemhealthproblems.D.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.E.Thus,itissuggestedthatahealthybreakfastcanregulateandloseweight.F.Manypeoplearerecommendedtomanagetheirweightbyskippingmeals.G.Breakfasttypesdon’tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.D20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了早餐的作用。【16题详解】上文“Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast.(你是否听过有人说，“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”，或者给你建议为什么以健康的早餐开始新的一天是至关重要的。)”提出有人说早餐的重要性，B项“Thisfeastisnecessarilygivesusanewstart.(这场“盛宴”必然给了我们一个新的开始。)”承接上文，继续强调早餐的作用，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【17题详解】上文“Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.(在我们睡觉时进行的再生过程会消耗一些我们的天然食物储备来治愈我们的身体。)”提出晚上睡觉会消耗身体中的食物储备，A项“Breakfasthelpsusrefilltheexhaustedstores.(早餐帮助我们补充耗尽的储备。)”承接上文，说明早餐可以补充消耗的储备，照应主题“Energyrestoration”。故选A项。【18题详解】上文“Therearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtolinkastateofobesitywithskippingbreakfast.(还有许多经常被引用的研究似乎将肥胖状态与不吃早餐联系起来。)”提出关于肥胖与早餐的研究，E项“Thus,itissuggestedthatahealthybreakfastcanregulateandloseweight.(因此，表明健康的早餐可以调节体重和减肥。)”给出研究的结论：健康的早餐可以调节体重和减肥。上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【19题详解】第三段中介绍了健康的早餐可以调节体重和减肥，设空句下文“Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguage.(早餐还能改善大脑功能，包括注意力和语言能力。)”提出新的功能：改善大脑功能。D项“Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.(研究发现，早餐影响的不仅仅是体重。)”承上启下，句中“morethanjustweight”照应第三段内容。故选D项。【20题详解】上文“However,studiesfoundthatthereisnoagreementonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier.(然而，研究发现，对于哪种类型的早餐更健康，人们并没有一致的看法。)”提出对于早餐类型没有确定的说法，G项“Breakfasttypesdon’tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.(早餐的种类并不重要，重要的是吃点东西。)”承接上文，说明早餐类型并不重要，但是一定要吃早餐，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(单簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone____21____.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.Oneday,whenmyteachertoldustoplayinfrontoftheotherstudents.Iwasfilledwithfear.IknewIwould____22____.WhenIbegantoplay,myrhythms(节奏)weregood,butmytonewasanother____23____.“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”theteacherbarkedatme.Ifeltsoashamedandmyworldcame____24____downinaninstant.Fromthenon,IhatedplayingtheclarinetandIkeptgetting____25____.Withthedayofthenewperformanceapproaching,Igrewincreasinglyupset.Inamomentof____26____,Iaskedforsickleave.Itwassorelievingandsucha(n)easywayout.Theavoidanceofmylessonscontinueduntilmymumaskedmeaboutit.“Iwanttoquit.”Mytearsstarted____27____.“Ifyoureallywanttoquit,whyareyoucrying?”askedMum.She____28____andIrealizedIwantedtostayinbandand,bynotfacingmyfears,Ihadcreatedablackholethatwouldbedifficultto____29____outof.Imadearesolutionnottohidefrommyfearsandtostanduptoeventheworstofthem,soa_____30_____couldbeachieved.ThenextdayImetwithmybandteacherandtoldherIwashavingaproblemandcouldn’t_____31_____why.Sheaskedmegentlytoplayforher.Itried,butonlyanunpleasantsoundcameout.Shedidn’tshoutatmeandhandedmeanewreed(簧片).Iputitinplaceandtriedagain.Tomygreat_____32_____Icouldplaywell.Myproblemwassolvedandmyfearwas_____33_____alotthatyear.Lookingback,I’mgladthatIovercamemyfear.Fearcan_____34_____everythinginaperson’slife.Hidingfromthoseveryfearsonlycreatesahole,whichmakesapersonstay_____35_____inside.Afterfacinguptoafear,onemayfindlifeeasierandmuchmoreenjoyable.21.A.badly B.endlessly C.randomly D.smoothly22.A.messup B.moveon C.setout D.takeoff23.A.impression B.essay C.story D.factor24.A.crashing B.moving C.selling D.bending25.A.stricter B.worse C.happier D.smarter26.A.joy B.panic C.doubt D.sympathy27.A.drying B.disappearing C.flowing D.separating28.A.hadapoint B.madeachange C.reachedalevel D.tookabreak29.A.send B.bring C.pick D.climb30.A.balance B.degree C.position D.solution31.A.figureout B.giveaway C.thinkover D.makeup32.A.anger B.sorrow C.disappointment D.surprise33.A.felt B.shown C.removed D.voiced34.A.consume B.examine C.reflect D.rescue35.A.unknown B.unpunished C.interested D.trapped【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.A25.B26.B27.C28.A29.D30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过克服了演奏单簧管的恐惧领悟到了恐惧会消耗人的生活，逃避它，只会创造一个无法爬出来的洞，面对它，人生会变得更加轻松和愉快。【21题详解】考查副词短语辨析。句意：年初过得很顺利。A.badly糟糕地；B.endlessly无止境地；C.randomly随机地；D.smoothly顺利地。根据下句“Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.(但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了)”可知，But前后表示转折，But后说慢慢地自己落后了，所以这里应是说这一年刚开始的时候很顺利。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A.messup搞砸，弄糟；B.moveon继续前进；C.setout出发；D.takeoff起飞。根据前句“Iwasfilledwithfear.(我充满了恐惧。)”可知，作者内心恐惧，感觉自己会演奏不好，把事情搞砸。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A.impression印象；B.essay文章；C.story故事，描述；D.factor。but前后表示转折，前面“myrhythms(节奏)weregood”讲作者的节奏好，所以这里是说自己的音调不好。anotherstory意为“另一回事，不同情况(通常指不好的一面)”。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A.crashing崩溃，坍塌；B.moving移动；C.selling出售；D.bending弯曲。根据句中的“Ifeltsoashamed”可知，受到老师的指责后，作者很羞愧，世界崩溃了。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且我越来越糟。A.stricter更严厉的；B.worse更糟的；C.happier更开心的；D.smarter更聪明的。根据句中的“hatedpla