Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 高中英语课件1

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsTHESOLARSYSTEM

Canyounameeachplanetcorrectlyusingthelettersgiveninthetablebelow?地球______木星______火星______水星________海王星_______F.冥王星_______G.土星________H.天王星_______I.金星________EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptunePlutoSaturnUranusVenusSunVenusMercuryMarsJupiterSaturnEarthPlutoNeptuneUranusSunEarthMoonSatellites卫星基础知识自测一、单词拼写根据读音、性和词义写出下列单词。1.___________n.天文学家2.___________n.大气层3.___________adj.猛烈的4.___________vt.&vi.使爆发5.___________n.系统6.___________adj.有害的7.____________[n.发展8.__________adj.全球性的9.___________vi.依靠10.__________vi.存在existastronomeratmosphereviolentexplodesystemharmfuldevelopmentglobaldepend11._____________n.出席12._____________adj.失望的13._____________adv.逐渐地14._____________n.重力15._____________vt.减少16._____________n.质量17._____________vt.&vi.使高兴18._____________n.方法19._____________adv.一般地20._____________vt.耗尽presencedisappointedgraduallygravitylessenmasscheermethodgenerallyexhaust二、单词运用根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个适当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Asayoungmanhedidn’tknowhewas________

worldfamelateron.(win)2.Mostparentsdon’tallowtheirchildren__________

becauseitdoesharmtohealth.(smoke)3.

hesentmeagiftmademehappy.4.

hesentmemademehappy.5.Itisasurprise

Plutoisnolongerconsideredaplanetinoursolarsystem.towintosmokeThatWhat

that6.Agreatdustcloudformedinthesky

outthesunlight.(block)7.Theuniversebegan

a“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.8.Asforme,

youcanpasstheexam

_____________onwhetheryouwillworkharderthanbefore.9.ZhangMingaswellasI

themembersofthefootteam.bothofusareofplayingfootball.10.Therainpreventusfrom

outforpicnicthisafternoon.blockingwithwilldependwhetherisplaying三、词语派生用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.She

himwithherbeliefandhercompetence.(energy)2.Withthe

ofthesociety.Weliveabetterlifethanbefore.(develop)3.Smokingisnodoubt

toyourhealth.(harm)4.wearegoingtoholdapartyonSaturdayevening.weshallbeverygladtohaveyour

.(present)5.Thoughheisanorphan,

heleadsahappy

.(exist)energizeddevelopmentharmfulpresentationexistence6.Womenandkidsareoftenhurtinfamily

.(violent)7.Althoughtheyaretwins,theyarevery____________

(like).8.Thenews______________us.Whenweheardthe____________news,wefelt______________.(disappoint)9.

Thoughhefailedintheexam,theteacher’swordswereagreat________________tohim.(encourage)10.Doyouknowthe__________whoistalkingtoLiMei,whostudiedinourschool.(physics)violenceunlikedisappointeddisappointeddisappointingencouragementphysicist四、词组互译将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1.既然_________________2.冷却_________________3.依靠_________________4.欢呼_________________5.灭绝_________________6.爆发_________________7.轮流_________________8.及时_________________intimenowthatcooldowndependoncheerupdieoutbreakoutinone’sturn9.asaresultof_________________10.getthehangof_________________11.prevent…from…_________________12.blockout_________________13.inalldirections_________________14.givebirthto_________________15.soonerorlater_________________16.fallover_________________摔倒结果掌握；熟悉阻止；制止挡住各方向产生；分娩迟早五、词组运用词组填空根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。1.Hegottoschool____________thoughitrainedheavily.2.Hewasunabletogotowork________aresult________hisfallfromthehorse.3._______________youareastudent,youshouldstudyhardastheparentsandteacherswish.Nowthatintime.asof翻译填空根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个适当的词组完成句子。4.她想存点钱买房，因此不想那么早生小孩。

Shewantstosavesomemoneyforapartment.Soshehasnoplanto

toachildsosoon.5.你能解释他们为什么吵起来了？你知道他们俩原是好朋友呀。Canyouexplainthereasonwhythequarrel________

betweenthem.Youshouldknowtheywereclosefriends.6.如果人类不注意保护环境，很多物种就会灭绝。IfMandon'tpayattentiontoprotecttheenvironment.Mostspecieswill___________givebirthbrokeoutdieout句子翻译从上述短语中选择适当的短语翻译下列句子。7.那男孩摔到了，摔破了头。_________________________________________8.掌握学习方法对每个学生都重要。__________________________________________________________________________________________9.我是否去旅游要视天气而定。______________________________________________10.从各方而来的人们欢歌起舞。______________________________________________Peopleinalldirectionsgottogether,singanddancing.Theboyfellover,strikinghishead.Gettingahangofthewaytostudyisimportanttoeverystudent.WhetherIwillgototravelwilldependontheweather.LanguagepointsforReadingILanguagepointsforReadingIILanguageDataBankItexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintime

toproducethewatervapour,….intime(forsth/todosth):

notlate及时；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。intime:soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最后I’llseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合节拍(sth.)beto(do):(something)willdefinitelyhappen,oritmusthappen不可避免要发生或必须发生。

e.g.Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.Sheistobehonouredforthisgreatwork.Mr.Clarksaidtohisdaughter,“Youaretobehomeby10o’clockatthelatest.”

Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。(sb/sth)bedifferentfrom:notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways与……不同。Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthesun.City

life

is

quite

different

form

country

life.都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。注意:（1）强调different时用very,much,quite,entirely,totally等词。（2）有时，美语口语中用than,英语口语中用to来代替from。goingroundthesun为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一般的动作。例如：Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.Menwhobreakthelawwillbepunished.现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?Canyouseethegirlwhoisdancingwithherboyfriend?你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？3.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示：行为,例如：argument,betterment,development,treatment。结果,例如：arrangement,settlement,statement.工具，例如：instrument,pavement.4.Itallowedtheearthdodissolveharmfulgases,whichhadbecomepartoftheearth’satmosphere,intotheoceansandseas.allow

vt.允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doingallowsb.todobeallowedtodoMyfatherdoesn’tallowsmokingathome.Infacthedoesn’tallowustosmokeanywhereatanytime.父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。Areweallowedtousethecomputer?我们可以用电脑么？5.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.encourage鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：Highpricesforcornandwheatwillencouragefarming.玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。Mysuccessencouragedmetocontinue.我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。Heencouragedmetolearndancing.他鼓励我去学跳舞。7.spread的用法（1）vi.（消息等）传开，流传。如：Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolveryquickly.Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothehousenearby.Hespreadouthisarmstowelcomeus.（2）vt.“使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out连用。如：Ispreadanewclothonthetable.我在餐桌上铺上一条新桌布。他张开手臂欢迎我们。6.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.formillionsofyearstocome中不定式tocome作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.她是最不像会做这种事的人。(sth)dependon(sthelse):somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit取决于。Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。cheerup:欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴，使高兴。当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。_____________________whentheysawtheteamarrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。Hetookher_____________to____________.Thecrowdcheereduptotheconcertcheerherupwatch…do/doing:观看，注视我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。We_____________________behindthetrees.每一天当他们看到植物生长，他们的心里都充满了希望。Everydayasthey__________________,theirheartsfilledwithhope.watchedthesunsettingwatchedtheplantgrow

nowthat:既然，由于既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。_________________________,wecanbeginthemeeting.由于你是一个大男孩,你就必须行为表现得更好._______________________,youmustbehavebetter.NowthateverybodyishereNowthatyouareabigboyWewatched

amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.amazed是过去分词，此处做状语用

他进来的时候没有人注意到.Hecamein

_________.breakout(战争,争吵,疾病等)爆发在深夜,突然有人吵架._________________suddenlyatmidnight.AquarrelbrokeoutunnoticedGrammar主语从句主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。

1.连接词：1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。

Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever

Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。

Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Whyhediditremainsamystery.2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。1）It+be+表语+主语从句表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）2）It+不及物动词+主语从句Itseemed(happened,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.Ithappensthattheywereabsent.Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews…)that…3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在