2022-2023学年天津市河西区高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高中英语精品试卷PAGEPAGE1天津市河西区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷选择题(满分60分)第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.—Ithinkourheadmastershouldbeinvitedtotheparty.—________.Hewillbetreatedasourhonoredguest.A.It’suptoyou B.Iagreeabsolutely C.Youmustbejoking D.Itdoesn’tmatter[答案]B[详析]考查情景交际。句意：—我认为应该邀请我们的校长来参加聚会。—我完全同意。他将被视为我们的贵宾。A.It’suptoyou由你做主；B.Iagreeabsolutely我完全同意；C.Youmustbejoking你一定是在开玩笑吧;D.Itdoesn’tmatter没关系。根据答句句意可知，回答者对于前者的提议表示“同意”，故选B。2.Toproperlysortgarbage,weusedifferent______fordifferentgarbage.A.agenciesB.capsulesC.criteriaD.containers[答案]D[详析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了正确地分类垃圾，我们使用不同的垃圾箱来处理不同的垃圾。A.agencies机构；B.capsules胶囊；C.criteria标准；D.containers容器。分析句子，此处表示“垃圾箱，容器”用container。故选D。3.Chaplinwasnotjustagenius;hewasamongthemost_______figuresinfilmhistory.A.influentialB.rewardingC.convincingD.lifelong[答案]A[详析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卓别林不仅是个天才；他是电影史上最有影响力的人物之一。A.influential有影响力的；B.rewarding有回报的；C.convincing令人信服的；D.lifelong终生的。根据句意可知，此处表示“有影响力的”。故选A。4.InthepastfourdecadesChinahas_______improvedthelivingstandardsoftheordinarypeople.A.mutuallyB.urgentlyC.dramaticallyD.objectively[答案]C[详析]考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的四十年里，中国显著地提高了普通人民的生活水平。A.mutually互相地；B.urgently紧急地；C.dramatically显著地；D.objectively客观地。根据句意可知，此处表示“显著地”用dramatically。故选C。5.Itwasreportedthatanagreement_______betweenthetwocompaniesandthattheywouldcarryoutaprojecttogether.A.hadreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.wasreachedD.hasbeenreached[答案]B[详析]考查动词。句意：据报道，这两家公司已经达成协议，他们将共同实施一个项目。分析句子，此处表示“达成协议”用reachanagreement，句中agreement与reach之间是被动关系，且在wasreported之前，故使用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。6.Henrywillnotbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecause_______.A.hemustteachaclassB.hewillbeteachingaclassC.heteachesaclassD.hewillhavebeenteaching[答案]B[详析]考查动词。句意：亨利今晚不能参加会议了，因为他将会一直上课。分析句子，句子表示将来的某个时刻正在发生某个动作，故使用将来进行时。故选B。7.Theseproblems_______bythemthewholemorningyesterday.A.werebeingdiscussedB.werediscussedC.havebeendiscussedD.havebeendiscussing[答案]A[详析]考查时态语态。句意：昨天他们整个上午都在讨论这些问题。主语Theseproblems与谓语动词discuss构成被动关系，结合后文thewholemorningyesterday可知为过去进行时的被动语态。故选A。8.Wetook_______forgrantedthattheywouldacceptouradvice.A.thatB.thisC.itD.them[答案]C[详析]考查固定句型。句意：我们想当然地认为他们会接受我们的建议。固定句型takeitforgrantedthat表示“理所当然地认为”。故选C。9.Thoughnotgoingasplanned,theparty_______tobeverysuccessful.A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.turnedinD.turnedon[答案]B[详析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：聚会虽然没有按计划进行，但结果非常成功。A.turnedup出现；B.turnedout结果是；C.turnedin上交；D.turnedon打开。分析句子，此处表示“结果是”用turnout。故选B。10.Eversincehighschoolhehas_______journalismandnowhehasalreadybecomeaverygoodjournalist.A.developedanappetiteforB.takenadvantageofC.madethebestuseofD.paidmoreattentionto[答案]A[详析]考查动词。句意：从高中开始他就这样了他对新闻产生了兴趣，现在已经成为一名非常优秀的记者。A.developedanappetitefor养成了对……的兴趣；B.takenadvantageof利用；C.madethebestuseof充分利用；D.paidmoreattentionto注意。根据后文“现在已经成为一名非常优秀的记者”可知，之前他对新闻产生了兴趣。故选A。11.It’sonlyrightthathumanbeingsshouldlearntolive_______naturebecausetheycoexistwitheachother.A.inhonourof B.inharmonywith C.inreturnfor D.incontrolof[答案]B[详析]考查介词短语辨析。句意：这是唯一正确的，人类应该学会与自然和谐共处，因为他们彼此共存。A.inhonourof为纪念；B.inharmonywith与……和谐；C.inreturnfor作为……的报答；D.incontrolof控制。根据后文“naturebecausetheycoexistwitheachother”指和自然和谐共处，故选B。12._______allmyclassmates,Iwishtosaythankstotheteachersforgivingussomuchsupport.A.InspiteofB.InsteadofC.OnbehalfofD.Regardlessof[答案]C[详析]考查介词短语辨析。句意：我谨代表全体同学向老师们表示感谢，感谢他们给我们这么多的支持。A.Inspiteof尽管；B.Insteadof取而代之；C.Onbehalfof代表；D.Regardlessof不管。此处表示“代表”，用onbehalfof。故选C。13.Itisunfairforthechildren_______theInternetifyouonlyprovideonlinecourses.A.withoutaccesstoB.incontrolofC.intheactofD.alongthelinesof[答案]A[详析]考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你只提供网络课程，对没有网络的孩子来说是不公平的。A.withoutaccessto不能接触；B.incontrolof控制；C.intheactof正在做；D.alongthelinesof在某方面。根据“Itisunfair”可知，此处表示“不能接触互联网的孩子们”用withoutaccessto。故选A。14.ThefastdevelopmentoftheInternethas_______manychangestoourdailylife.A.broughtup B.tookout C.tookin D.broughtforth[答案]D[详析]考查动词短语辨析。句意：互联网的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了许多变化。A.broughtup抚养；B.tookout拿出；C.tookin理解；D.broughtforth产生。根据后文“manychangestoourdailylife”指产生许多变化，故选D。15.Thepolicehavesearchedforthelostchildforafortnight,but_______.A.invainB.inturnC.intimeD.inorder[答案]A[详析]考查介词短语。句意：警察找了那个走失的孩子两个星期，但一无所获。A.invain徒劳地；B.inturn依次地；C.intime及时；D.inorder有顺序地。分析句子，此处but表示转折关系，即虽然警察找了两个星期，但是结果是徒劳地。故选A。第二节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜30各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Myfatherwasraisedinafatherlesshomeatatimewhenthefamilyoffivestruggledtosurvive,whichcausedmyfathertobeextremelytightfisted(吝啬)withmoney.Whenwechildrenbecame___16___thatotherchildrengotpocketmoneyfromtheirparents,wemadea(an)___17___toaskourfatherforsome.Immediatelyhisfaceturnedstonecold,andhesaid,“Ifyou’reoldenoughtoask,you’reoldenoughtoearn.”Andwehadtoseekoddjobsabouttheneighbourhood.Hedidn’t___18___hisattitudeaswegrewintoadulthood.Therewasatimewhen___19___ofushadacar,sowehadtorideabuswheneverwecamehome.Thoughthebusstoppedabouttwomilesfromhome,Dadnevermetus,___20___inbadweather.Ifsomeone___21___(andmybrothersdidalot),he’dsayinhis___22___father-voice.“That’swhatyourlegsarefor!”OnespringmorningIwasonthebushomefrom___23___.Testsandlonghoursinlabshad___24___meexhausted.Asotherstudentsweremetattheirstops,Ilookedsilentlyoutofthewindow.Finally,thebuscametoastopatmydestination,andI____25____.carryingmysuitcasetobeginthelongjourneyhome.Therowofprivethedge(树篱)cameinto____26____whichlinedthedrivewaythatclimbedthehilltoourhouse.Istoppedtoputabookinthesuitcase.WhenIstoodup,Isawsomethinggray____27____alongthetopofthehedgetowardthehouse.Itwasthetopofmyfather’shead.I____28____then,eachtimeIcamehome,hewouldstandbehindthehedge,watching.____29____heknewIhadarrivedsafely.Iheldbackmytears.Hedidcare.____30____.Uponreachinghome,Ifoundmyfatherinnocentlyinhischair.”So!It’syou!”hesaid,hisfacelengtheningintosurprise.16.A.aware B.certain C.surprised D.excited17.A.trouble B.suggestion C.attempt D.plan18.A.strengthen B.soften C.take D.show19.A.neither B.each C.all D.none20.A.especially B.only C.even D.once21.A.refused B.complained C.cried D.intended22.A.strangest B.lowest C.scariest D.softest23.A.work B.home C.town D.college24.A.led B.made C.found D.proved25.A.steppedoff B.wentoff C.jumpedon D.climbedon26.A.mind B.view C.flower D.leaf27.A.shining B.flying C.failing D.moving28.A.supposed B.thought C.imagined D.realized29.A.since B.after C.until D.though30.A.afterall B.aboveall C.inadvance D.intotal[答案]16.A17.C18.B19.D20.C21.B22.C23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.D29.C30.A[导语]本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲一直对子女很严厉。向他要零花钱，他不给，让自己挣。长大后，作者回家，他从不出来接。有一次，作者回家时，不经意地发现了父亲的秘密。这时，作者才明白，其实父亲很关心自己，只是他有他自己关心的方式。[16题详析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们孩子们知道其他孩子从父母那里得到零钱时，我们试图向父亲要一些钱。A.aware知道的；B.certain必然的；C.surprised吃惊的；D.excited兴奋的。根据下文otherchildrengotpocketmoneyfromtheirparents,wemadea(n)______toaskourfatherforsome.可知，我们知道其他孩子有父母给的零花钱。故选A。[17题详析]考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.trouble麻烦；B.suggestion建议；C.attempt试图；D.plan计划。根据下文“askourfatherforsome”可知，我们尝试向父亲要一些钱。makeanattempttodo意为“想做……，企图做……”，故选C。[18题详析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们长大成人后，他的态度也没有软化。A.strengthen加强；B.soften变软；C.take拿；D.show展示。根据下文“wehadtorideabuswheneverwecamehome”可知，我们长大成人以后，父亲的态度还是强硬的，没有“变软”。故选B。[19题详析]考查代词词义辨析。句意：有一段时间我们没有任有车，因此无论我们什么时候回家，我们必须乘坐公共汽车。A.neither两者都不；B.each每个；C.all所有，都；D.none没有。根据下文“sowehadtorideabus”可知，此处是指作者家当时都没车，所以选A、D项；再由6空后的“andmybrothersdidalot”可知，我们是三者以上，因此用none，不用neither。故选D。[20题详析]考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然公共汽车在离家大约两英里的地方停下来，但是甚至天气不好，父亲也从不来接我们。A.especially尤其；B.only只，只是；B.even甚至；D.once曾经。根据上文“Dadnevermetus”可知，父亲对作者和哥哥们非常严厉，因此推断甚至不好的天气，父亲也不来接作者和哥哥们。故选C。[21题详析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人抱怨（我哥哥们总是这么做），他总是用他让人害怕的父亲的声音说。A.refused拒绝；B.complained抱怨；C.cried哭；D.intended打算。根据上文“Dadnevermetus”可知，父亲从不接我们，作者和哥哥们难免抱怨。故选B。[22题详析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.strangest最奇怪的；B.lowest最低的；C.scariest引起恐惧的，怕人的；D.softest最柔弱的，最轻柔的。由文章可知，作者的父亲很严厉，所以他的声音应该是让人害怕的。故选C。[23题详析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个春天的上午，我坐公共汽车从大学回家。A.work工作；B.home家；C.town城镇；D.college大学。由该空后的“Testsandlonghoursinlabs”可知，作者上了大学，一直待在实验室里。应该选college大学。故填D。[24题详析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：测试和数小时待在实验室里让我筋疲力尽。A.led带领；B.made制作；C.found发现；D.proved证明。makemeexhausted让我精疲力竭。其他选项构不成该搭配。根据前文“Testsandlonghoursinlabs”也可推出，考试和数小时的实验室试验会让人疲惫不堪。故选B。[25题详析]考查动词词组辨析。句意：我下了车，提着我的手提箱开始回家的长途旅行。A.steppedoff下车；B.wentoff离开；C.jumpedon跳上D.climbedon爬上。根据前文“thebuscametoastopatmydestination”可知，车到了目的地，作者要下车。故选A。[26题详析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：一排女贞树篱映入眼帘，这排树篱排列在爬上山就能到我家的车道两边。A.mind思想；B.view观点；C.flower花；D.leaf树叶。comeintoview被看见；comeintomind记起，想起。根据前文“Therowofprivethedge”可知作者走在路上看到了路两边的树篱。故选B。[27题详析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我站起来时，我看到一个黑影沿着树篱回了家。A.shining闪烁；B.flying飞；C.failing失败；D.moving移动。根据下文“Itwasthetopofmyfather’shead.”可知，这个黑影是父亲，因此父亲沿着树篱向家走去。故选D。[28题详析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：我“意识到”每次我回家时，他就会站在树篱后一直看到我平安抵达。A.supposed认为；B.thought想；C.imagined想象；D.realized意识到。根据上文可知，作者在回家的路上看到了父亲，这让作者意识到父亲每次回家都会站在树篱后面看着作者。故选D。[29题详析]考查连词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.since自从；B.after在……后面，C.until直到；D.though虽然。根据前文“hewouldstandbehindthehedge,watching.”可知，父亲看着作者直到作者平安到家。故选C。[30题详析]考查固定短语辨析。句意：毕竟，父亲还是很在意我们的。A.afterall毕竟，别忘了；B.aboveall最重要的是；C.inadvance提前；D.intotal全部，一共。根据前文“hewouldstandbehindthehedge,watching.”可知，父亲每次都会躲在树篱后面看着作者直到作者平安到家，因此推断，毕竟父亲也是在乎作者和哥哥的。故选A。第二部分：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AYoucanchoosehappinessregardlessofyourcircumstances.Youcanchoosetobehappynomatterwhatchallengeslifebringsyou.Letthefollowingsimplestrategiesguideyoubacktoyournaturalhappystate.Makelemonadewhenlifegivesyoulemons.Besideshappiness,troublewillalsobepartoflife.It’showyouchoosetoreacttoyoursituationsthatmakethedifference.Ifyoulookatsomethinghardenough,you’llseethepositivesideofit.Dowhatyoulovedoing.Doyouhavealifelongdreamordesire?Ifso,startworkingtowardsit.Takingbabystepstowardsagoalwillhelpyoufeellikeyou’reaccomplishingsomething.You’llfinddriveanddeterminationtoreachthatgoalwhenit’ssomethingyoulovedoing.Useoneofyourtalents.Onereasonwhysomanypeopleareunhappyisthatthey’renotdoingwhatthey’recalledtodowiththeirGod-giventalents.Eachofushasapurposeinlife.Youhavenaturaltalentstohelpyouachieveyourpurpose,souseyourtalentseffectively.Callafriendwhoyouknowispositiveandcheerful.Talkaboutyourfeelingsandlistentotheiradvice.Usually,peopleallowthemselvestogodeeperanddeeperintoself-depression.Thetruthisthatyoudon’thavetobesad.Youcandecidetobehappy.Youjusthavetomakeupyourmindtodoso.Gratitudeisthequickestcureforsadness.Whenyoufocusonwhat’swrongwithyourlife,youforgettolookatwhat’srightandgood.Takeastepbackandreflectonyourlife.Doyouhavechildrenorfamilytobethankfulfor?Yes,theymaynotbethepersonwe’dlikethemtobe,butimaginelifewithoutthem.Now,bethankfulthatyouhavetheminyourlife.Letyourfeelingsoutonpaper.Oftenyou’llfindthatjustgettingyourfeelingsdownonpaperwillallowyoutoworkthroughthem,helpingyoufeelbetteraboutyourselfandyourbeautifullife!31.Thefirstparagraphisusedto_______.A.expectreaderstoignorethemselvesB.startadiscussionamongreadersC.introducethetopictoreadersD.carryoutachallengeamongreaders32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that_______.A.troubleispartoflifeB.lemonadeisverydeliciousC.lifeisfullofsweetnessandbitternessD.lemonscanonlybeusedtomakelemonade33.Theunderlinedword“God-given”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto“_______”.A.diverse B.naturalC.excellent D.learned34.WhichofthefollowingstrategiesisNOTmentionedinthispassage?A.Begrateful. B.Domanyactivities.C.Callacheerfulfriend. D.Useoneofyourtalents.35.Theauthorwritesthepassagefor_______people.A.excited B.depressedC.bad-tempered D.kind-hearted[答案]31.C32.C33.B34.B35.B[祥解]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了六种让你找回自然快乐状态的办法。[31题详析]推理判断题。根据本段最后一句Letthefollowingsimplestrategiesguideyoubacktoyournaturalhappystate.(让下面几个简单的策略指引你找到自然快乐状态)可知，本段是为了引出话题。故选C。[32题详析]推理判断题。根据第二段Besideshappiness,troublewillalsobepartoflife.(除了快乐之外，麻烦也是生活的一部分)可知，生活中既有快乐也有困难。因此C选项lifeisfullofsweetnessandbitterness(生活充满甜蜜和苦涩)正确。故选C。[33题详析]词义猜测题。根据本段中后句Youhavenaturaltalentstohelpyouachieveyourpurpose,souseyourtalentseffectively.(你有天生的才华帮助你实现你的目的，因此有效地利用你的才华吧)可知，这里的God-giventalents指的应该就是naturaltalents“天生的才华”。故选B。[34题详析]细节理解题。文章介绍了六种让你找回自然快乐状态的办法：Makelemonadewhenlifegivesyoulemons.(既来之,则安之)，Dowhatyoulovedoing.(做你喜欢做的)，Useoneofyourtalents.(使用你的才华)，Callafriendwhoyouknowispositiveandcheerful.(给你认识的积极乐观的朋友打电话)，Gratitudeisthequickestcureforsadness.(感恩是治疗悲伤最快的方法)，Letyourfeelingsoutonpaper.(把你的心情写在纸上)。由此可知，四个选项中只有B项没有提到。故选B。[35题详析]推理判断题。本文主要是介绍了六种让你找回自然快乐状态的办法。因此这篇文章是针对沮丧，心情低落的人(depressed)所写。A.excited兴奋的；C.bad-tempered坏脾气的；D.kind-hearted好心的，这三个选项均不符合。故选B。BManypeoplearoundmemakeadifferencetotheworldonadailybas—beingkindinunexpectedwaysandsharingthegenerosityoftheirliveswithothers.I,likemanyofthem,volunteersomeofmytimeinordertogivebackjustalittleofwhatIamsoblessedtohave.IvolunteeredtogotoGuatemalawithaneyeglassteamfromInternationalReliefTeams—anorganizationIhavesupportedinotherwaysformanyyears.OurteamwenttoasmalltowninGuatemala,SanAugustin.Wesetupourtablesandpackagesofpre-madeglassesinthedirtycourtyardofaclinic,putuptheSnellenchart(aneyechart)onawall,andbeganourwork.Youngandoldpeoplecamefrommanyofthesurroundingtowns.Mosthadneverreceivedaneyeexambefore.Theywaitedforhourspatientlyinthesun,nevercomplaining.Ifwecouldhelpthemout,theirthankfulnessforasimplepairofglasseswasoverwhelming.Someonlyleftwitheyedropsorsunglasses,andeventhesepeopleexpressedtheirgratitudesincerely.Allofthemwereverygenerouswithblessingsandsmiles.Weheardoverandoverfrompeoplewhoknewtheireyesneededhelpbuttheyhadnotgonetoadoctorbecauseitwastooexpensive,orhadnotgottheglassestheyneededforthesamereason.It’ssoeasytooverlookhowmuchdifferencethevolunteers’smallactionscanmaketothelivesofpeopleinGuatemala.Theglassesinmycountryaresoeasilyavailable,buttopeopleinGuatemala,theyarenot.Asthosewhocouldgivethemahand,wewatchedtheirliveschange.Whatagiftsightis—andwhatadifferencebeingabletoseeclearlymakes!Here,we’dlikeyoutojoinusandtakeactiontohelppeopleinneed.Andeveryday,thoseactionschangelives.Noactionistoosmall;noactioniseverwasted.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,theauthorisprobably________.A.amajorhostofgooddeedsB.asponsorofaneyeglassteamC.agenerousneighborinhiscommunityD.asupporterofInternationalReliefTeams37.Whatdoweknowaboutthevolunteersintheeyeglassteam?A.Theirworkingenvironmentissimple.B.Theyaremedicalexpertsnationwide.C.Theirinitialpreparationisinadequate.D.TheyhaveservedpeopleinGuatemalaforyears.38.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribemostpeopleinGuatemala?A.Kindandhelpful. B.Poorbutgrateful.C.Considerateandpatient. D.Knowledgeablebutunhealthy.39.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Don’tlookdownuponthoselessfortunate.D.Don’ttakewhatyouhavetodayforgranted.40.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tourgepeopletoprotecttheireyes.B.ToaskpeopletovolunteerinGuatemala.C.Tocallonpeopletodogooddeedsindailylife.D.ToshowthedifficultlifeofpeopleinGuatemala.[答案]36.D37.A38.B39.D40.C[祥解]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者志愿加入国际救援小组的眼镜队，团结队友去帮助别人，为世界贡献出自己的一份力量并号召人们在日常生活中也做好事。[36题详析]推理判断题。由第一段的IvolunteeredtogotoGuatemalawithaneyeglassteamfromInternationalReliefTeams—anorganizationIhavesupportedinotherwaysformanyyears.(我自愿和国际救援队的眼镜队一起去危地马拉，多年来我一直以其他方式支持这个组织)可知，作者是国际救援队的支持者。故选D项。[37题详析]推理判断题。由第二段的Wesetupourtablesandpackagesofpremadeglassesinthedirtycourtyardofaclinic,putuptheSnellenchart(aneyechart)onawall,andbeganourwork.(我们在一家诊所脏兮兮的院子里摆好桌子和一包事先准备好的眼镜，把斯内伦图（一个视力检查表）挂在墙上，开始工作)可推断出，眼镜队志愿者的工作环境很简陋。故选A项。[38题详析]推理判断题。由第三段的Someonlyleftwitheyedropsorsunglasses,andeventhesepeopleexpressedtheirgratitudesincerely.(有些人只留下了眼药水或太阳镜，甚至这些人也真诚地表达了他们的感激之情)和第三段的最后一句Weheardoverandoverfrompeoplewhoknewtheireyesneededhelpbuttheyhadnotgonetoadoctorbecauseitwastooexpensive,orhadnotgottheglassestheyneededforthesamereason.(我们一遍又一遍地从那些知道眼睛需要帮助的人那里听到消息，但他们没有去看医生，因为太贵了，或者因为同样的原因没有得到他们需要的眼镜)可推断出，Guatemala的人虽贫穷但很感恩。故选B项。[39题详析]推理判断题。由第四段的It’ssoeasytooverlookhowmuchdifferencethevolunteers’smallactionscanmaketothelivesofpeopleinGuatemala.Theglassesinmycountryaresoeasilyavailable,buttopeopleinGuatemala,theyarenot.(人们很容易忽视志愿者的小行动对危地马拉人民生活的影响。我国的眼镜很容易买到，但对危地马拉人来说，不是)可知，不是人人都能有眼镜，由此推断出“不要把你今天所拥有的视为理所当然”。故选D项。[40题详析]推理判断题。由最后一段的Here,we’dlikeyoutojoinusandtakeactiontohelppeopleinneed.(在这里，我们希望你加入我们，采取行动帮助有需要的人)可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召人们在日常生活中做好事。故选C项。CManyparentsworrythatshowingnegativeemotionsinfrontoftheirchildrenwillcausethemtosuffer.Forexample,childrenmayendupthinkingit’stheirfaultorsimply"catch"theemotion.Indeed,thisworryhasasoundbasis—thephenomenonof“emotionalcontagion"（情绪感染）isreal,andonerecentstudyfoundthatparentscantransfertheirfearofgoingtothedentist,forexample,totheirchildren.Ontheotherhand,thereisthenaturalideathatweshould“bereal"withourchildren,andthattheywillbenefitfromwatchingaparentwhostrugglesandeventuallydealswiththeirnegativeemotionslikeanyotherhumanbeing.Therearethreeconceptstoconsiderwhenitcomestoemotionaldisplayinfrontofchildren:suppression（压抑），"uncontained"expression,andtalkingaboutemotions.Suppressionofemotioniswhenyouhidetheoutwardsignsofanemotion.Unfortunately,itdoesn’tworkverywell—theactofsuppressingyouremotionactuallyincreasesyourbloodpressure.Observerscanpickuponyourdistressdespiteyoureffortstohideit,makingthemfeelstressed.Therecentresearchhasalsofoundthatwhenparentsfeelnegativeemotionsandkeepthemfromtheirchildren,theyexperiencelowerrelationshipqualityanddecreasedresponsivenesstotheirchild’sneeds.Ontheotherhand,“uncontained"expressionofangerandsadnessbytheparentisalsonotsalutaryforthechild.Uncontainedmeanshighintensityemotion,withnoattemptstoregulateortakeownershipofit.Shouting,smashing（摔）thingsandblamingsomeoneelsefor"makingyouangry"areallexampleofthis.So,whatisthemiddleground?Thatwouldbetalkingaboutemotiontakingownershipofthemandshowingyourchildthatyouaretryingtodealwiththem.Classicresearchfoundthatsix-year-oldkidshadbetteremotionalunderstandingandperspective-takingskillsiftheirmothershadtalkedtothemabouttheiremotionsattheageofthree.Infact,themorethemothershadtalked,thebettertheoutcomewouldbe.Sonexttimeyoufeelsad,angryorfrustratedandyourchildiswatchingyouexpressingemotion,doexplainwhat’sgoingonintermstheycanunderstand.41.Theauthorusestheexampleofgoingtothedentistmainlyto_______.A.explainparents’commonfearB.introducethetopicofnegativeemotionsC.showchildrenmaycatchparents’emotionsD.presenttheconsequencesoftransferringnegativeemotions42.Ifamothersuppresses（(压抑)）heremotions,.A.shewillnotmakeherkidsfeelstressedB.shecanhideheremotionsfromherkidsC.shewilloftenshoutatherkidsfornoreasonsD.shecan’trespondeffectivelytoherkids’needs43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"salutary"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Enough. B.Beneficial.C.Necessary. D.Reliable.44.Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthistext?A.Toencourageparentsto"bereal"withourchildren.B.Tocallonparentstodevelopapositiveattitudetolife.C.Toinformparentsoftheconsequencesofnegativeemotions.D.Torecommendparentstotalkaboutnegativeemotionswithchildren.45.What’sthestructureofthetext?A. B.C. D.[答案]41.C42.D43.B44.D45.B[祥解]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了许多父母担心在孩子面前表现出负面情绪会让孩子痛苦。研究表明这种担忧——“情绪传染”现象是真实存在的。但是父母应该真实地对待孩子，孩子可以处理这种负面情绪。[41题详析]推理判断题。根据第一段的Indeed,thisworryhasasoundbasis—thephenomenonof“emotionalcontagion"（情绪感染）isreal,andonerecentstudyfoundthatparentscantransfertheirfearofgoingtothedentist,forexample,totheirchildren.(事实上，这种担心有坚实的基础——“情绪传染”现象是真实的，最近的一项研究发现，例如，父母可以把他们去看牙医的恐惧转移给孩子。)可推断，作者使用看牙医的例子是为了说明孩子可以感染父母的情绪。故选C。[42题详析]推理判断题。根据第三段的Suppressionofemotioniswhenyouhidetheoutwardsignsofanemotion.Unfortunately,itdoesn’tworkverywell—theactofsuppressingyouremotionactuallyincreasesyourbloodpressure.(抑制情绪是你隐藏情绪的外在迹象的时候，不幸的是，它不能很好地起作用——抑制你的情绪实际上会增加你的血压。)可推断，如果一个母亲压抑她的情绪，她就不能有效地对孩子的需求做出反应。故选D。[43题详析]词句猜测题。根据下文Uncontainedmeanshighintensityemotion,withnoattemptstoregulateortakeownershipofit.Shouting,smashing（摔）thingsandblamingsomeoneelsefor"makingyouangry"areallexampleofthis.(不包含意味着强烈的情绪，没有试图调整或拥有它。喊，砸东西和指责别人“让你生气”都是这方面的例子。)可推断，划线句表示：父母“不受约束”地表达愤怒和悲伤对孩子无益的。故划线词词义是：受益的。故选B。[44题详析]推理判断题。根据最后一段Sonexttimeyoufeelsad,angryorfrustratedandyourchildiswatchingyouexpressingemotion,doexplainwhat’sgoingonintermstheycanunderstand.(因此，下次当你感到悲伤、愤怒或沮丧，而你的孩子正在看着你表达情感时，请用他们能理解的术语解释发生了什么。)可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐家长与孩子谈论负面情绪。故选D。[45题详析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，一、二段阐述最近的一项研究发现，父母可以把他们的情绪转移给孩子。三、四、五段阐述父母的情绪对孩子的影响，与孩子谈论情绪，找到中间地带；最后一段提出建议。故选B。第II卷非选择题(满分25分)第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读表达GrowingupinSaudiArabia,44-year-oldphotographerJodyMacDonaldhasalwayshadastronginterestinthedesert.“IhavealwayswantedtospendsometimeintheSahara,”MacDonaldsaid.“TherearestillsomanyunexploredareasintheSaharaDesert.Theserelativelyunexploredplacesaresorarethesedaysandholdtheveryfundamentalsofexploration,whichattractme.SofinallyImadethejourney.”MacDonaldstartedherjourneyinMauritania’scapitalcityNouakchott,andheadedinlandwheresheandherteamjumpedontheworld’slongestcargotrain(货运列车)fora435-milejourneyontheMauritaniaRailway.“Thetrainwasdirtyanduncomfortablebutitwassuchaninterestinganduniquewaytotravelthroughthevastdesertbytrain,”saidMacDonald.MacDonaldandhergrouphadtofacemanychallengesontheirjourney.Exceptforthedirtanddiscomfort,thetravelersalsohadtodealwiththeintenseheat,violentwindsandevendangeroussandstorms.“Iwasouttakingphotographsandwithinminutes,thewindincreasedtomorethan100milesanhour,”MacDonaldsaid.“Ithoughtmyskinwasgoingtobetornoffbecauseoftherainandblowingsand.Itfeltlikesandpaperonmyskin.Ihaveneverexperiencedwindsthatstrongbefore.TherewasonceatimewhenIwantedtogiveup.”Shedealtwiththeharsh(恶劣的)conditionsbytryingnottotravelinthemiddleofthedayandworeheadscarvestoprotectherselffromthesunandblowingsand.“Theweatherdefinitelydictateswhenandwhereyoutravel,”saidMacDonald.Evenwithallthechallenges,thephotographermanagedtorecordamazingimagesofthebeautifulbutharshlandscapesofMauritania,anditsfascinatingculturesandcommunities.46.WhydidMacDonaldtourtheSahara?(nomorethan10words)47.HowdidMacDonaldfeelonthecargotrain?(nomorethan5words)48.WhydidMacDonaldoncedecidetogiveupherjourney?(nomorethan10words)49.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphmean?(1word)50.HowdoesMacDonald’sstoryinspireyouinlife?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words)[答案]46.BecausemanyunexploredplacesintheSaharaDesertattractedher.47.Shefeltdirtyanduncomfortable.48.Becausetheweatherconditionsareharsh.49.Decides/Determines.50.MacDonald’spiritofbravelyovercomingdifficultiesinspiresme.Iwillfacethedifficultiesinlifeandmanagetoovercomethem.[导语]这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师MacDonald克服各种挑战，实现了自己探索撒哈拉沙漠的梦想。[46题详析]考查细节理解。根据第一段中“TherearestillsomanyunexploredareasintheSaharaDesert.Theserelativelyunexploredplacesaresorarethesedaysandholdtheveryfundamentalsofexploration,whichattractme.SofinallyImadethejourney.(撒哈拉沙漠还有很多未开发的地区。这些相对未被探索的地方如今是如此罕见，并且蕴含着探索的基本原理，这吸引了我。所以我终于踏上了旅程。)”可知，撒哈拉沙漠有很多未被探索的地方，这吸引着MacDonald，所以她要去撒哈拉沙漠旅行，故[答案]为BecausemanyunexploredareasintheSaharaDesertattractedher.[47题详析]考查细节理解。根据第一段中““Thetrainwasdirtyanduncomfortable(火车既脏又不舒服)”可知，MacDonald感觉火车很脏而且还很不舒服，故[答案]为Shefeltdirtyanduncomfortable.[48题详析]考查细节理解。根据第二段中““Ithoughtmyskinwasgoingtobetornoffbecauseoftherainandblowingsand.Itfeltlikesandpaperonmyskin.Ihaveneverexperiencedwindsthatstrongbefore.TherewasonceatimewhenIwantedtogiveup.”(“我以为我的皮肤会因为下雨和吹沙子而被扯掉，感觉就像砂纸在我的皮肤上摩擦一样。我从来没有经历过这么大的风。曾经有一段时间，我想要放弃。”)”可知，恶劣的天气使作者曾经想放弃她的旅程，故[答案]为Becausetheweatherconditionsareharsh.[49题详析]考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“Shedealtwiththeharsh(恶劣的)conditionsbytryingnottotravelinthemiddleofthedayandworeheadscarvestoprotectherselffromthesunandblowingsand.(为了应对恶劣的环境，她尽量不在中午出门，并戴上头巾以防太阳和风沙侵袭。)”可知，恶劣的天气环境决定了她们的出行时间，结合画线单词上下文““Theweatherdefinitelydictateswhenandwhereyoutravel,”saidMacDonald(MacDonald说:“天气肯定会你旅行的时间和地点。”)”可知，划线单词“dictates”意思为“决定”，故[答案]为Decide/Determine.[50题详析]开放题，[答案]不唯一，言之有理即可。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Evenwithallthechallenges,thephotographermanagedtorecordamazingimagesofthebeautifulbutharshlandscapesofMauritania,anditsfascinatingculturesandcommunities.(尽管面临种种挑战，摄影师还设法拍下了毛里塔尼亚美丽而严酷的风景，以及迷人的文化和社区。)”可知，文章主要讲述了摄影师MacDonald克服各种挑战，实现了自己探索撒哈拉沙漠的梦想，她这种不畏艰难，勇往直前的精神鼓舞着我们在学习和生活上也要勇敢面对困难，想办法去解决，最终实现自己的梦想。