岩石力学专业词汇

土木工程专业课程双语教学岩石力学英语专业词汇必备(主要选自CHARLESJAEGER著,ROCKMECHANICSANDENGINEERING之SUBJECTINDEX)戴俊西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院二零零三年八月Forbi-linguisticteachingofacourseincivilengineeringspecialtyESSENCIALENGLISHglossarYFORROCKMECHANICS(mainlyFROMTHESUBJECTINDEXOFROCKMECHANICSANDENGINEERINGBYCHARLESJAEGER)J.DAIArchitechureandCivilEngineeringCollegeofXi’anUniversityofScienceandTechnologyAugust,3002Aabscissa横坐标agar岩石，石头，琼脂ageofrocks岩石〔地质〕年代，岩石时效voidindex，indexofvoid空隙系数agingofrockmasses岩体的时效air，Permeabilityofrockto岩石的透气性altazimuth高度方位角，地平经纬仪alluvium冲积土，冲积层，泥沙alterationofrock岩石遍化，岩层变化AmericanSocietyofEngineeringGeologists美国工程地质协会AmericanTaskCommittee美国特别工作委员会amphibolite闪岩amortization阻尼anchorageofcables索锚固，钢索锚固anchoredcables锚索compressiontestswithcables利用锚索进行的压缩试验forcesincables锚索中的力rockreinforcement岩石加固，sheartestswithcables锚索剪切试验anchoreddams锚固坝，锚杆支护坝体anchors，steel〔rockbolts〕钢锚杆andesite安山石anisotropy各向异性，有向性，非均质性analysisof~各向异性分析~ofrockmasses岩体的各向异性~ofrockmaterial岩石材料的的各向异性anticline背斜archofrock，selfsustaining自稳岩石〔平衡〕拱archdams拱坝abutmentsof~拱坝的根底，坝基，拱坝支撑结构drainagefor~拱坝排水foundationsof~拱坝根底reserveofstrengthof~拱坝的强度储藏rotationofbaseof~拱坝根底的旋转archgravitydams重力拱坝，拱形重力坝arching，degreeof成拱度，成拱性argilolith(一种岩石)Austrianmethod奥地利施工法~forestimatingrockjointing奥地利岩石节理评估法~forinsitutunneltests奥地利隧道现场试验法~fortunnellining奥地利隧道支护法AustrianSocietyforGeophysicsandEngineeringGeology奥地利地球物理与工程地质协会AustrianSocietyofRockMechanies奥地利岩石力学协会autostabilizationofrockslides岩石滑坡自稳化avalanches，comparisonofrockslidesto岩石滑坡与雪崩的比照azimuth方位角，方位Bbasalt玄武岩beddingjoints层理orientationof~层理方向bendingtest，fortensilestrength弯曲拉伸试验bentonite优质粘土bibliography文献，评述，参考书目biotite黑云母biotitegneiss黑云母片麻岩biotiteschists黑云母片岩birefringencemethodofmeasuringresidualrockstress原岩应力双折射测试法blasting，stressescausedby爆破引起的应力，爆破应力blow－outofrockmassesunderdam坝基下的鼓出岩石Bolts(同rockbolts)锚杆boreholes钻孔~ingroutingofdamfoundations坝基浇筑混凝土中的钻孔measuringdeformationsof~钻孔变形测量Boussinesq鲍赛恩斯Boussinesq-Cerruttiequation鲍赛恩斯-斯兰提方程Boussinesqhalf-space鲍赛恩斯半空间Braziliantensiletest巴西拉伸试验brittlefractureofrock岩石脆性破坏，岩石脆性断裂~atsurface地表岩石脆性破坏~underdams坝基岩石脆性破坏~atVajont威捷岩石脆性破坏bucklingstrength弯曲强度buttress撑墙，支柱buttressdams支撑坝buttresses，failureof支撑体破坏Ccables，anchored锚索consolidationbymeansof~锚索加固~forin-situtestsofdeformation用于现场变形试验的锚索calcite方解石Cambrianrocks寒武纪岩石Carboniferousrocks石炭纪岩石catchment集水，汇水cavingandsubsidence垮落与沉陷，塌陷与下沉cavities，strainsandstressesabout峒室周围的应变与应力~Hayashi’ssolution哈亚斯的峒室周围的应变与应力解cave岩洞cavern岩洞，大洞cement，groutingwith水泥注浆，水泥灌浆cementedrock胶结性岩石chalk白垩characteristics特性，特点，特征~ofrockmasses岩石的特征~ofrockmaterial岩石矿物的特性chemicaleffectsofwateronrock水对岩石的化学影响，水对岩石的化学作用chert角石，黑硅石chlorite绿泥岩，亚氯酸岩circularloadedplate，strainsunder应变条件下的圆形加载盘circumfrentialstresses，roundcavities峒室周围的环向〔或切向〕应力classificationofrocks岩石分类~bycrusningstrengthofrocks依据破碎强度的岩石分类~byradialpermeabilitytests依据径向渗透试验的岩石分类cleft劈裂conventionalclassification传统分类法engineeringclassificationofintactrocks完整岩石的工程分类geologicalclassificationofrocks岩石的地质分类classificationofrocksbyage依据地质年代的岩石分类classificationofrocksaccordngto：hardness，density，siliconcontent，rockmaterial，rockqualitydesignation(Q.R.D)依据硬度，密度，硅含量，岩石矿物，岩石质量指标的岩石分类rockslides岩石滑动，岩石滑移sandstones砂岩Strain-stresscurves应力-应变曲线elasticrockmasses，theoryofstressesin弹性岩体中的应力理论clastic碎屑的clay-shales粘土质页岩clayeyschists粘土质片岩，含粘土片岩clays粘土，泥土shearstrengthof~粘土的剪切强度slopesof~粘土边坡cleftwaterpressure裂隙水压力~onslopes边坡裂隙水压力~ontunnels隧道裂隙水压力~underdams坝底裂隙水压力coagutant凝结剂coal煤cobble大卵石cohesionofrock岩石的粘性lossof~岩石粘性损失lowvaluesof~岩石粘性低值collapseoftunnelrooforwall隧道冒顶或片帮compactedrock压实岩石，压密岩石compactnessofrockmass岩体的压实度compression〔crushing〕strength压缩〔破碎〕强度conglomerate碎屑岩，砾石correlationsof~withelasticity压缩强度与弹性的关系~withrateofloading压缩强度与加载率的关系~withrebound压缩强度与回弹的关系compression〔crushing〕strengthofdryandwetrock枯燥和含水岩石的抗压〔破碎〕强度compressionstrengthtests抗压强度试验dispersionofresultof~压应力试验结果的离差compressionstress压应力distributionof~压应力分布~inrockmasses岩体中的压应力~onrocksamples岩石试件中的压应力分布scaleeffectincompressionstrengthtests压应力试验的尺寸效应compressionchamber压力室in-situcompressionstresstests现场压应力试验Computer,useof计算机的应用concrete混凝土boundarybetweenrockand~岩石与混凝土的边界comparisonsofrockand~岩石与混凝土的比拟compressiontestson~混凝土压缩〔力〕试验creepof~混凝土蠕变elasticityof~混凝土弹性sheartestson~混凝土剪切试验stabilizationofpotentialrockslidesby~利用混凝土稳定潜在的岩石滑坡tunnelslinedwith~混凝土支护的隧道upliftpressurein~混凝土中的冻胀压力，混凝土中的向上水压力concreting：earlyconcretingtechnique混凝土浇筑：早期的混凝土浇筑技术，早期的混凝土应用技术conglomerates骨料，集料consolidationofrockmassesbycades,bygrouting锚索岩体加固，岩体注浆加固consolidationofrockmassesunderload载荷作用下的岩体加固continuumrockmechancs连续岩石力学contourdiagrams等高线图，轮廓线图convergenceintunnels隧道中的收敛correlationsofrockcharacteristics岩石特性的相关性counterfort护墙，挡墙crushingstrength，tensilestrength，shearstrengthversusvoidindex破碎强度，抗拉强度，抗剪强度与空隙度〔性〕dispersionofcrushingstrengthversusradalpercolationtests抗压强度与径向渗透试验的离散性dispersionofEd(dynamic)versusEs(static),Ed/Esversuswavelenthλ,E(plateloadtests)versustransversalvelocity动态Ed与静态Es，Ed/Es与波长λ，E〔板加载试验〕与横波波速的离散性Coulomb〔Coulomb-Mohr〕lawofshear库仑〔库仑-莫尔〕剪应力定律或准那么counterforts拱柱cracksinGriffiththeoryofrockrupture格里菲斯岩石断裂理论中的裂纹creep蠕变~ofconcrete混凝土蠕变continuous~intheslide,ofrockmasses,ofrockmaterial滑坡中的连续蠕变，岩体蠕变，岩石矿物蠕变velocityof~蠕变速度cretaceousrocks白垩纪岩石crossjoints交叉节理，穿透节理~insedimentaryrocks沉积岩中的交叉节理crushingofrockmasses岩石破碎~roundtunnels隧道周围的岩体破碎crushingstrength破碎强度crystallinerock晶状岩石crystallography结晶学Ddamabutmentblocks大坝侧向支撑体，大坝端部支撑体damabutments大坝侧向支撑，大坝端部支撑displacementsof~大坝侧向支撑的位移elasticityof~大坝侧向支撑的弹性failureof~大坝侧向支撑的破坏modelsof大坝侧向支撑模型reinforcementof~大坝侧向支撑的加固stabilityof~大坝侧向支撑的稳定性stressesin~大坝侧向支撑中的应力damfoundations坝根底anchorageofdams坝体锚固blowoutofrockmassesunderadam坝下方得岩体爆裂classicalapproach经典方法consolidationof~坝基加固designandconstructionof~坝基的设计与施工displacementsof~坝基位移drainageof~坝基排水groutingfor~坝基注浆failuresof~坝基的破坏geomechanicalmodeltestsof~坝基的地质力学〔岩土力学〕模型试验groutingof~坝基注浆percolatingwaterin~坝基渗水reinforcementof~坝基加固rockssuitablefor~坝基岩石稳定性rotationof~坝基旋转stabilityof~坝基稳定性stratifiedfoundations层状根底stressesin~坝基中的应力zoneoftensilestresses拉应力区dams坝，大坝，水坝choiceofsitesfor~大坝位置选择groutcurtainunder~坝下注浆帷幕modeltestsof~大坝模型试验profileof~大坝剖面，大坝轮廓，大坝侧面settlementoflarge~大坝沉降deflectometers挠度计，挠度仪deformabilityofrock岩石变形能力，岩石变形性deformation变形irreversible~不可逆变形，塑性变形measurementof~变形测量modulusof~变形模量reversible~可逆变形，弹性变形~insettlementoflargedams坝基沉降中的变形densityofrock岩石密度deviation〔standard〕偏差，〔标准〕偏差diabase辉绿岩diorite闪长岩dipofstrata地层倾向，岩层倾斜detritus岩屑，碎屑discontinuitiesinrock岩石中的断层，岩石中的间断面displacementcurves，insheartests剪切试验中的位移曲线displacementvectors位移矢量displacements位移~indamabutments坝支撑位移~indamfoundations坝基位移~underloadingplates加载板作用下的位移~underpointloads点载荷下的位移Doggerlimestone朵格尔石灰岩dolomite白云岩，白云石‘doorstopper’methodofmeasuringstraininrock岩石中应变测量的‘门塞’法drainage排水，排水装置~oftunnels隧道排水dynamictests动态试验dynamicsofslides滑坡动力学Eearthdams土坝，泥土坝earthquake地震effectivecohesion有效内聚力，有效粘结力，有效凝聚力effectivemoduusandPoissonratio有效模量与泊松比effectivestress有效应力~inrockmasses岩体中的有效应力~inrockmaterial岩石中的有效应力effectiveshearstress有效剪应力effluent渗漏，流出elasticdeformationofrock岩石的弹性变形elasticitymodulusEofconcrete混凝土的弹性模量E~comparedwiththatofrock与岩石相比下的混凝土的弹性模量elasticitymodulusE〔static〕ofrock岩石的〔静态〕弹性模量E~atdepth深部岩石的弹性模量correlationofdiffererentdeterminationsof~不同方法确定的弹性模量关系elasticity弹性，弹力determinationsof~indamsdesigningfoundation坝基设计中的弹性确定determinationsof~byseismicwave弹性的地震波法确定determinationsof~ininvestigationofdamsites坝表达场研究中的弹性确定determinationsof~byultrasonicwave弹性的超声波法确定~instrain-stresscalcutalions应变-应力计算中的弹性确定elasticitymodulusEd〔dynamid〕ofrock岩石的〔动态〕弹性模量Edratioofstaticmodulusto~岩石的静态模量与动态模量比elasticitymodulusEt〔ratioofvaluesat50％and100％ultimatestrength〕弹性模量Et〔50%极限强度与100%极限强度时的模量值比〕elasticitymodulusEtotal(ratioofstresstodeformation：bulkmodulus)弹性模量Etotal〔应力与变形比：体积寞量〕electricalresistivitymethodoftestingrockmasses岩体试验的电阻法epoxyresin环氧树脂coatingorrocksamplewith~环氧树脂涂层或涂有环氧树脂的岩石试件strengthof~环氧树脂的强度equipotential等位，等电位excavations峒室，开挖rockmovementscausedby~开挖引起的岩石位移〔移动〕extensometers伸长计，变形测定仪~forboreholes钻孔伸长计，钻孔变形测定仪sonor~带声响的变形测定仪extrados拱背线，外拱线Ffailureofrock岩石破坏，岩石断裂brittlefailure,shearfailure,tensilefailure,visco-plasticfailure脆性破坏，剪切破坏，拉伸破坏，粘-塑形破坏progressivefailureofrockmass岩体的渐进破坏failureofdamfoundations坝基破坏failureofrockslopes岩石边坡破坏failureoftunnelsandcaverns隧道与峒室破坏failurecriterion破坏准那么，断裂准那么failures破坏fallofrock岩石冒落，冒顶faultsinrock岩石中的断层bolingof~岩石断层锚固~andengineeringworks岩石断层与工程施工fillingmaterialin~岩石断层中的冲填材料slidesalong~沿岩石断层的滑动felspar长石fillingmaterial填充物，填充材料effectofpercolatingwaterin~填充物中渗水的影响testson~填充物试验finiteelementmethod〔f.e.m.〕ofnumericalstressanalysis岩石应力分析的有限元方法fissurationporosity破坏的多孔性fissureinrock岩石中的裂纹，岩石中的裂缝~alongdamheel沿坝跟〔踵〕岩石裂缝classificationof~岩石裂缝分类~andcompressionstrength岩石裂缝与抗压强度deformationof~岩石裂缝变形~andeffectiveelasticity岩石裂缝与有效弹性estimatesofextentof~岩石破裂的程度估计groutingof~岩石裂缝注浆~overpressuretumels压力隧洞上方的岩石裂缝rockslidealong~沿岩石裂缝的岩石滑动~andstability岩石裂缝与稳定性~andstressdistribution岩石裂缝与应力分布tensilestrengthandaveragelengthof~抗拉强度与岩石裂缝平均长度waterflowin~岩石裂缝中的水流Waterpressurein~岩石裂缝中的水压力flood,damfailurecausedby涌水引起的大坝破坏flowofrockmasses岩体流，泥石流continuousflow,discontinuousflow连续流与间断流flowofwaterinrockmasses岩石中的水流convergentordivergentflow聚集流与发散流foliation,planeof生叶面，叶理面，分层面foundation根底fracturesofrock岩石断裂，岩石裂缝correlationbetweenRQDandfrequencyof~岩石质量指标与岩石破裂频率的关系flowofwaterin~岩石裂缝中的水流planeof~岩石破裂面friction摩擦angleof~摩擦角angleof~fordifferentrocks不同岩石的摩擦角testsforangleof~摩擦角试验coefficientof~摩擦系数coefficientof~forfillingmaterial填充材料的摩擦系数internal~,internal~angle内摩擦，内摩擦角frictionfactor摩擦系数~amongfaults断层间的摩擦系数~forrockonrock岩石对岩石的摩擦系数~andshearstrength摩擦系数与抗剪强度frictionforce摩擦力Ggabbro辉长岩galleries水平隧道，水平坑道，巷道discharge~卸压隧道pressurized~压力隧道，受压隧道gap裂口，间隙，缝隙gas,undergroundstorageof地下储油库gauge量规，量表，传感器strain~应变传感器rosetteof~玫瑰花瓣的应变片丛geodetic测地的，大地测量学的，测地学的geologicalmapping地质图geo1ogy地质学，地质概况~ofdamsites坝址的地质概况~androckgrouting地质概况与岩石注浆~androckmechanics地质学与岩石力学~ofundersroundpowerstation地下电站地质学，地下发电厂房的地质概况geomorphological地形的geophone小型地震仪，地音探测仪geophysicaltahniques地球物理学方法GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology乔治亚工业学院，乔治亚理工学院geothermalgradient地热梯度，地温梯度glacier冰河，冰川gneiss片麻岩~fordamfoundations用于坝基的片麻岩effectofwateron~水对片麻岩的影响kaolinized~高岭土化的片麻岩permeabilityof~片麻岩的渗透性，片麻岩的渗水性gouge沟，凿孔，断层泥granite花岗岩compressionstrengthof~花岗岩的抗压强度creepcurveof~花岗岩的蠕变曲线reboundnumberof~花岗岩的回弹数strain-stresscurvefor~花岗岩的应变-应力曲线weathered~风化花岗岩gravitydams重力坝Griffith－Hoektheoryofruptureofrocks岩石的格里非斯-虎克断裂理论groutcurtainsunderdams坝下的注浆帷幕waterseepagethrough~透过坝下注浆帷幕的渗水性grouting注浆，灌浆~withcement水泥注浆consolidationofrockby~岩石注浆加固~pressure注浆压力~ofrockroundtunnels隧道周围的岩石注浆~withsilicates硅酸盐注浆，注入硅酸盐浆液techniquesof~注浆技术~oftunnels隧道注浆gunite压力喷浆，喷射水泥砂浆，砂浆gypsum石膏Hhalf-spacehomogeneouselastic半空间均质弹性的elastichalf-space弹性半空间fissuredandcontinuous~裂隙及连续弹性半空间loadedhalfspace受灾半空间hardnessofrocks岩石的硬度heatflow,equationfor热流动方程，热传递方程Heim’shypothesis赫米假设Heim’sparadox赫米自相矛盾论，赫米似是而非论hexagonal六边形的，六角形的homogeneouszones均质区horizontalstress水平应力~indamfoundation坝根底中的水平应力~zonefromhydrostaticpressure静水压引起的水平应力区hydraulicgradient水力梯度hydraulicpotentiallines水力势线hydrodynamicforceonrockmass作用于岩体上的动水压力hydrogeology水文地质学hydropowertunnels水力隧洞hydrostaticpressure静水压力~ondamfoundation作用于坝根底上的静水压力distributionof~静水压力分布~andresidualstressinrock岩石中的静水压力与原岩应力~onrockmass作用于岩体上的静水压力~inrocksalt岩质盐矿中的应力stressesroundpressuretunnelscausedby~静水压力的压力隧洞周边应力Iice冰discontinuousflowof~不连续冰流~inrockfissures岩石裂隙中的冰idealstress理想应力igneousrocks火成岩immersedandpartlyimmersedrockmasses侵入及局部侵入岩体immersion浸水，浸入impregnated渗入的，饱和的impregnation注入，浸渗insitutestsandmeasurements现场试验与测量insituboreholetests现场钻孔试验insitucompressiontests现场压力试验insitupermeabilitytests现场渗透试验，现场渗水试验insituplatebearingtests现场承载板试验induration固结IntitutionofCivilEngineering，London伦敦土木工程研究所，伦敦土木工程学院InternationalCommitteeonLargeDams〔ICOLD〕国际大坝委员会InternationalSocietyofrockmechanics国际岩石力学协会，国际岩石力学学会interstitialwater间隙水intrinsiccurve固有曲线，本质曲线definitionof~固有曲线的定义intrinsiczone固有区intrados拱内圈，拱底面ion离子isotropicrockmass各向同性岩石IstitutoSperimentaleModellieStructure〔ISMES〕Jjack千斤顶cylindrical~液压千斤顶fieldtestswith~用千斤顶完成的现场试验~intoeofdam位于坝趾的千斤顶jackingtest冲击试验，千斤顶加载试验joint节理~meter节理测量仪~inrock岩石中的节理classificationof~节理分类~andcohesion节理与粘结力~andcriticalangleofslopes节理与边坡临界角~anddifferencesbetweenlaboratoryandin-situtestsofdeformation,ofelasticity节理与变形、弹性的实验室与现场试验结果之间的偏差orientationof~节理方向shearingat~节理面剪切spacingof~节理间距strengthof~节理强度~andstrengthofrock节理与岩石强度Jurassicrock侏罗纪岩石Kkaolinization高岭土化作用，高岭石化作用Kelvin－Voightmodelforrockdeformations开尔文-维埃特岩石变形模型kineticenergyofrockmasses岩体的动能LLaboratoricNacionaldeEngenhariaCivil，Lisbon里斯本……Laboratorytests试验室试验~onrockmaterialorfillingmaterial岩块或充填材料的实验室试验~oncrushingstrength试验室破碎强度试验~onshearstrength试验室剪切强度试验~onwaterpercolation试验是渗水试验~onwavevelocity波速试验室试验landslide山崩，崩塌的泥石Laplaceequation拉普拉斯方程LasalleResearchLaboratory，Montreal蒙特利尔拉斯尔研究实验室lava熔岩，火山岩leakage漏，渗漏lias青石灰岩limestone石灰岩compressionstrengthof~石灰岩的抗压强度~fordamfoundations用于坝基建造的石灰岩elasticityof~石灰岩的弹性permeabilityof~石灰岩的渗透性strain-stresscurvesof~石灰岩的应变-应力曲线swellingof~石灰岩膨胀，石灰岩剪胀line-loadtests线载荷试验~forantisotropy各向异性线载荷试验~fortensilestrength抗拉强度线载荷试验lining支护，衬砌stressesin~支护体中应力~oftunnel隧道支护lip边，缘lithology岩石学，岩性学loadcells压力盒，载荷传感器load－straindiagram载荷-应变图loading加载，载荷consolidationunder~施载加固rateof~intest试验中的加载率~onaslope边坡上的载荷lossofwater渗水，漏水~underdam坝体渗水~fromtunnels隧道渗水Lugeon罗吉恩~groutingtechniques罗吉恩注浆技术~unit罗吉恩系统Mmacrofractures宏观裂纹~andpermeability宏观裂纹与渗透性malm石灰质砂，泥灰砂Malmlimestone马尔蒙石灰岩manifestation现象，表达，表现形式manometer〔流体〕压力表marble大理石marl-claysandstone灰泥质砂岩marls泥灰，泥灰土permeabilityof~泥灰土的渗透性powerstationin~修建于泥灰土中的发电站mechanicalpropertiesofrockmaterial岩石矿物材料的力学性质Mercaliscale麦氏级metamorphicrock变质岩micaschist云母片岩micaceousquartzite云母石英岩microfissures微裂隙~inducedbycompression受压引起的微裂隙~andpermeability微裂隙与渗透性microfractures微观破坏，、微观断裂miningengineering采矿工程mineralogy矿物学modeltesting模型试验~ofdamabutments坝体支撑的模型试验~ofdam坝体模型试验~ofpercolationofwater渗水性模型试验~ofreservoirbasin水库体模型试验~ofrockmass岩体模型试验~ofslidingsurface滑动面模型试验~ofundergroundpowerstation地下电站模型试验modulus系数，模数，模量dynamicmodulus动态模量effectivemodulus有效模量~insitutestingofrockmass岩石模量现场试验~laboratorytests模量试验室试验static~静态模量~instratifiedrockmass层状岩体的模量moduusofdeformationorbulkmodulus边形模量或体积模量modulusofelasticity〔Youngmodulus〕弹性模量〔杨氏模量〕modulusofrigidity刚度模量Mohrcircle莫尔圆examplesofuseof~莫尔圆应用实例mole-fortunnelexcavationwithoutblasting全断面隧道掘进机-用于隧道的非爆破掘进moment，displacementscausedby力矩引起的位移momentumequation力矩方程moraine冰碛，冰碛层mortar，groutingwith注入砂浆，砂浆注浆mudstone泥岩mylonite糜棱岩NNationalCoalBoard，Britain英国国家煤炭局〔部〕needletest,foranisotropy各向异性针击试验Newtonslawformovementofrockmass岩体运动的牛顿定律Oodometer里程表，测距仪oozing浸出，徐徐流出openings峒室，巷道~inrockmasses岩体中巷道circular~圆形巷道，圆形峒室parallelcircular~平行圆形峒室rectangular~方形峒室，矩形巷道square~四边形巷道stressandstrainabout~,duetoresidualstress;duetohydrostaticpressureinthetunnel巷道周围的应力应变，原岩应力引起的应力应变，巷道中静水压引起的应力应变ophite绿辉岩的一种orthogonal正交的，直角的oval-shped椭圆形的overburden上覆岩层，抵抗线groutpreesureand~注浆压力与上覆岩层minimum~forpressuretunnel压力隧道的最小上覆层厚度overcoringmethodformeasuringresidualstressesinrock岩石中原岩应力测量的向下垂直钻孔取芯法overstrainedrock，roundtunnels隧道周围的过渡应变岩石Pparallelepipeds平行六面体pegmatite结晶花岗岩penstock闸门percolation渗透percolationofwaterthroughrock水渗透岩石Darcy’slawfor~达西岩石渗水定律Longitudinal~岩石纵向渗水primaryandsecondary~主要和次要岩石渗水radial~径向岩石渗水testfor~underdamfoundations坝根底下岩石渗水试验permeabilityofrocktoair岩石向大气的渗透性permeabilityofrocktowater岩石向水的渗透性compressionstressand~抗压强度与岩石的渗水性correlationof~withmechanicproperties;withwavevelocity岩石渗水性与力学性质、波速的关系groutingand~注浆与岩石渗透性Lugeonnutfor~罗吉恩的岩石渗水难题tensilestressand~抗拉强度与岩石渗透性testsfor~岩石渗透性试验permeabilityfactorK渗透性系数Permianrocks二叠纪岩石perviousness渗透性，渗水性perviousnessofrock岩石透水性petroghaphicproperitesofrocks岩石的岩相性质petrography岩相学，岩石记述学photoelasticmethods光弹性方法phyllite千枚岩，硬绿泥岩phyllitequartzite硬绿岩质石英石physicalpropertiesofrock岩石的物理性质piezometers压力计，压强计piezometricline压力线，自由水面线pilottunnels导峒，超前导峒pipes，theoryofthickelastic厚壁弹性管理论，厚壁弹性筒理论plasticblocks，transmissionofstressthrough应力波穿过塑性区的传播plasticdeformationofrock岩石的塑性变形plasticityofrock岩石的塑性plate－bearingtestsfordeformations承载板变形试验theoryof~承载板变形试验理论point－loadtestforanisotropy点载荷各向异性试验Poiseuille’sformula泊赛尤尼公式Poisson’sratio泊松比compressionstressand~压应力与泊松比effectivevalueof~inrockmasses岩体中泊松比的有效值porepressure孔隙压力testfor~孔隙压力试验porosity多孔性，孔隙性~ofgroutcurtain注浆帷幕的孔隙性~ofrock,elasticity,erosion岩石的孔隙性，弹性，腐蚀porosityindex孔隙指数porousmedia,flowofwaterin多孔介质中水的流动porphyry斑岩PortueueseNationalResearchLaboratory葡萄牙国家研究实验室powerstations地下电站differenttypeofundergroundpowerstation不同类型的地下电站rockmechanicsforundergroundpowerstation地下电站岩石力学precastconcrete预制混凝土pressure，relationofpercolationto渗透性与压力的关系pressurecell压力盒，压力传感器pressurechambertest压力室试验pressuregradient压力梯度pressurepipe压力管，压力隧洞defectiveairvalvein~压力隧洞的平安气阀pressureshaft压力井pressuretunnel压力隧道，压力隧洞failuresof~压力隧洞的破坏groutinground~压力隧洞周围注浆minimumoveruurdenabove~压力隧洞的最小厚度上覆层~adjacenttorockslopes与岩石边坡临近的压力隧洞最小厚度上覆层~fordifferenttypesofrocksandgalleries;inrockliabletoplasticdeformation;underalluvium;underhorizontalrocksurface不同类型岩石和巷道的最小厚度上覆层；易于塑性变形岩石中的压力隧洞的最小厚度上覆层；冲积层下压力隧洞的最小厚度上覆层；水平岩层外表下压力隧洞的最小厚度上覆层seepagefrom~压力隧洞的渗漏stressesin~压力隧洞岩石中的应力stressesin~fromhydrostaticpressure静水压力引起的压力隧洞岩石中的应力theoryof~压力隧洞理论precipitation沉淀，沉淀物prestressedconcrete预应力混凝土propane丙烷pseudo－shear准剪切pulvino(pressuredistributionslab)压力分布板punchingsheartest冲剪试验Qqualityindex质量指标，质量指数rockqualitydesignation岩石质量指标radialpercolationindex径向渗透系数quartz石英permeabilityof~石英的渗透性quartz－diorite石英-闪长岩quartz-micagneiss石英-云母片麻岩quartz-micaschist石英-云母片岩quartz-monzonite石英-二长岩quartzite石英岩，硅岩creepof~石英岩的蠕变~fordamfoundations用作坝基的石英岩fissured~裂隙石英岩micaceous~云母状石英岩powdery~粉状石英岩strain-stresscurvesfor~石英岩的应变-应力曲线quartzosephyllite含石英的千牧岩quartzoseshale含石英的页岩Rradialpercolationtest径向渗透试验ramp斜面rateofloadng加载率rayolitereboundnumber回弹数rectangle矩形，长方形strainsrounda~矩形洞室岩石中的应变strainsunderaloaded~受载矩形洞室的应变reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土relaxationofrockmasses岩体的松弛RepeatableAcousticSeismicSource可重复的声学地震源reservoir水库，蓄水池displacementofembankmentsof~水库坝堤的位移variationofwaterlevelin~水库水面〔位〕的变化residualstressesinrock岩石中的剩余应力，岩石原岩应力~andelasticity岩石原岩应力与弹性measurementsof~岩石原岩应力测量relaxationfrom~原岩应力释放，原岩应力松弛staticequilibriummethod静力平衡法resins,impregnationofrockwithcoloured岩石中注入彩色树脂resistancequotient阻力商，阻力系数~ofjointedrock节理岩石的阻力系数resistivity阻力，抵抗力resonancewaves共振波reversibledeformations可逆变形，弹性变形rheology流变学，流变能力rigidity，modulusof刚度模量rockarch岩石拱rockboltextensometer岩石锚杆伸长仪，岩石锚杆变形测量仪rockbolting岩石锚杆，岩石锚杆支护rockbolts，differenttypesof不同类型的岩石锚杆rockburst岩爆rockfilldam岩石土坝，岩石充填坝rockload岩石载荷~onlining作用于支护体上的岩石载荷~onsteelsupports作用于刚支架上的岩石载荷rockmass岩体classificationof~岩体分类structureandanisotropyof~岩体结构与各向异性rockmaterial岩石，岩石矿物材料rockqualitydesignation〔RQD〕岩石质量指标rockslide岩石滑坡rosette应变片ruptureofrocks岩石破坏Griffith－Hoektheoryof~岩石破坏的格里菲斯-虎克理论pointof~岩石破坏点Torre’stheoryof~托里岩石破坏理论Ssafetyfactor平安系数~againstsliding滑坡平安系数~fordam大坝平安系数~fortunnel隧道平安系数saltmine盐矿creepin~盐矿蠕变sandstone砂岩compressibilityof~砂岩的可压缩性permeabilityof~砂岩的渗透性stressesin~砂岩种的应力swellingof~砂岩的膨胀，砂岩的剪胀saturationswellingstress饱和膨胀压力scaleeffect尺寸效应~incompressiontests压缩试验中的尺寸效应~indeformationanddisplacementtests变形和位移试验中的尺寸效应~inelasticitytests弹性试验中的尺寸效应schist片岩schistosity片理，片岩性planeof~片理面scour清理，净化sedimentaryrock沉积岩slopesin~沉积岩边坡seepage渗流，渗出~frompressuretunnel从隧道中渗出~inrockmass岩体中的渗流~underdam坝下渗流seismicwavetestsonrock;ondamsite岩石的，坝址的地震波试验seismicwavetestsfordetectingincpientslides;weakeningrock检测初始滑动，软弱岩石的地震波试验seismicwavetestsinsidegallery峒室内的地震波试验sesmicwavevelocity地震波速度correlationof~withagingofrock;withelasticity;withpermeability;withreboundnumber地震波速度与岩石年代、弹性、渗透性、回弹数的关系lengthofwave波长longitudinalandtransversalwave纵和横波ratioofsesmicwavevelocitytolaboratorysonicwavevelocity地震波速度与实验室声波速度的比sesmicwavevelocityundercompression受压下的地震波速度sericite绢云母shale页岩reboundnumberof~页岩的回弹数swellingof~页岩的膨胀，页岩的剪胀shearfracture剪切破坏failureofdamby~剪切引起的大坝破坏~inplatetest板试验中的剪切破坏shearstrength剪切强度classificationofrocksby~利用剪切强度的岩石分类~rockjointsweakenedbywater受水弱化的岩石节理剪切强度testsfor~onrocksamples岩石试件的剪切试验in-situtestsfor~现场剪切试验sheardeformation剪切变形shearstress剪应力Coulomb’slawof~库仑剪应力定律displacementcausedby~剪应力引起的位移~ondamfoundations坝基上的剪应力sheetingofrockmasses岩体板shist片〔麻〕岩shotcrete喷射混凝土silica硅石，硅土~dissolvedfromgranite花岗岩溶解而成的硅土silicate硅酸盐groutingwith~用硅酸盐注浆siliceousrock硅酸岩，硅土岩silt淤泥，泥沙siltstone粉砂岩skinresistance外表阻力slidesofrock岩石滑动~alonefaults沿断层的岩石滑动autostabilizationof~岩石滑动的自稳化classificationof~岩石滑动分类continuousanddiscontlnuousflowof~岩石滑动的连续和间断流dynamicsof~岩石滑坡动力学staticsof~岩石滑坡静力学supervisionandstabilizationofpotentional~潜在岩石滑坡的管理与稳定性slidingfrictiontests滑动摩擦试验slidingsurface滑动外表modelof~滑动外表模型shapeof~滑动外表形状slip,angleof滑动角slope斜坡，边坡angleofa~边坡角criticalangleofa~临界边坡角externalforceorloadonthe~作用于边坡上的外力或载荷stabilityof~边坡稳定性interstitialwaterand~间隙水与边坡tunneladjacentto~临近边坡的隧道slump塌落度snowandrockfalls雪与岩石冒落Sonarsystem(sesmicrelectionmethod)声纳系统，声纳装置sonicwaves声波ratioofvelocityofseismicwavesand~地震波速度与声波速度的比“Sparker〞soundsource“闪光〞式声源soffit下端，拱内面specificgravityofrock岩石容重，岩石比重springs开裂面springs,intunnel隧道中的弹性stability稳定性conditionsof~稳定性条件~forrockmasses岩体稳定性staticequilibriummethodfordeterminingresidualstress确定原岩应力的静力平衡法steel钢，钢材archesof~钢拱形支架~reinforcementsofcavities冒落的钢支护加固shaftandtunnelliningsof~立井与巷道的钢支护groutingbehind~钢支架后的注浆straininrock岩石中的应变~anddeformationmodulus岩石中的应变与变形模量permeabilityundervarying~不同应变下的渗透性~roundcavities空洞周围岩石中的应变~andthermoluminescence岩石中的应变与热发光strainmeter应变仪strain-stress,curveof应变-应力曲线analysisofstrain-stress应变-应力分析mathematicalapproachtodistributionofstrain-stressintherock岩石中应变-应力分布的数学方法measurementsofstrain-stress应变-应力测量Talobrediagramofstrain-stress托拉泊应变-应力图strength强度~ofjointedrock节理岩石的强度stresstensorgauge应力张量计stress应力~causedbyhydrostaticpressure静水压力引起的应力effective~inrockmass岩体中的有效应力hydrostaticdistributionof~应力的静水压分布reliefof~应力释放，应力解除strut支柱，压杆subsidenceandcaving下沉与冒落survey测量geological~地质测量geophysical~地球物理测量~ofrockslides岩石滑坡测量swellingofrock岩石膨胀，岩石剪胀swellingstrain膨胀应变SwissFederal