高中英语-阅读理解(科技类)

CCNUJULIE第4页共12页阅读理解（科技类）PassageOneThecomputerisausefulmachine.Itisthemostimportantinventioninmanyyears.Theoldestkindofcomputeristheabacus(算盘),usedinChinacenturiesago,butthefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltin1946.Acomputerthencoulddomathsproblemsquitefast.Todaycomputersareusedinmanywaysandcandomanykindsofwork.Inafewyearsthecomputermaytouchthelifeofeveryone,evenpeopleinfarawayvillages.Inthelastfewyears,therehavebeengreatchangesincomputers.Theyaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster,Manyscientistsagreethatcomputerscannowdomanythings,buttheycannotdoeverything.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrowwillbelike?Willcomputersbringgoodthingsorbadthingstopeople?Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowtousethecomputersoftomorrow.1.Thecomputerisa_______machine.A.helpful B.strange C.large D.dangerous2.Thefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltabout_______yearsago.A.afew B.forty C.sixty D.eighty3.Thecomputersoftodayare_______thanbefore.A.bigger B.fewer C.smaller D.taller4.Computerscando_______.A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.lotsofthings5.Thescientistsoftoday_______howtousethecomputersoftomorrow.A.maydecide B.mustdecide C.canmake D.needn’tmakePassageTwoWarmwaterfreezesmorequicklythancoldwater.SirFrancisBaconsaidthatalmostfourhundredyearsago.Butfewpeoplebelievedhimuntil1970.InthatyearaCanadianscientistGeorgeKillprovedtheEnglishprofessorwasright.DrKillfilledanopenoilpail(桶)withcoldwater.Hefilledanotherwithwarmwater.Heputbothinthesamelowtemperature.Thewarmwaterfrozefirst.Thelackofcoversonthepailsisthesecret.Someofthewarmwaterchangedintovapor.Thismeantthatlessofthewarmwaterwaslefttobefrozen.Andsothewarmwaterfrozefasterthanthecoldwatereventhoughithadagreatertemperaturedroptomake.1.Hundredsofyearsago,SirFrancisBaconfound_______.A.thetemperatureofwarmwaterdropsfasterthanthatofcoldwaterB.warmwaterisheavierthancoldwaterC.warmwaterhasthesametemperatureascoldwaterD.warmwaterisnotasusefulascoldwater2.WhatSirFrancisBaconsaidwasright,butpeopledidn'tbelievehimuntil_______.A.lateinthe20thcentury B.earlyinthe20thcenturyC.threeyearsago D.lateinthe19thcentury3.Leaveapailwithwarmwaterandanotherpailwithcoldwaterinthesamelowtemperature,you’llfindthat_______.A.coldwaterfreezesfirstB.warmwaterturnsintoicebeforecoldwaterC.warmwaterandcoldwaterfreezeatthesametimeD.muchofcoldwaterischangedintoair.4.Whydoeswarmwaterfreezefirstinthesamefreezingweather?A.Becausesomeofthewarmwaterturnstovapor,theamount(数量)becomeslessthanthatofcoldwater.B.Becausewarmwaterislighterthancoldwater.C.Becausethetemperatureofwarmwaterislowerthanthatofcoldwater.D.Becausecoldwaterfreezeswithmoredifficultythanwarmwater.PassageThreeIfyoudonotuseyourarmoryourlegsforsometime,theybecomeweak;whenyoustartusingthemagain,theyslowlybecomestrongagain.Everybodyknowsthat.Yetmanypeopledonotseemtoknowthatmemoryworksinthesameway.Whensomeonesaysthathehasagoodmemory,hereallymeansthathekeepshismemoryinpracticebyusingit.Whensomeoneelsesaysthathismemoryispoor,hereallymeansthathedoesnotgiveitenoughchancetobecomestrong.Ifafriendsaysthathisarmsandlegsareweak,weknowthatitishisownfault(过错).Butifhetellsusthathehasapoormemory,manyofusthinkthathisparentsaretoblame(受责备),andfewofusknowthatitisjusthisownfault.Haveyoueverfoundthatsomepeoplecan’treadorwritebutusuallytheyhavebettermemories?Thisisbecausetheycannotreadorwriteandtheyhavetorememberthings;theycannotwritedowninalittlenotebook.Theyhavetorememberdays,names,songsandstories;sotheirmemoryisthewholetimebeingexercised.Soifyouwanttohaveagoodmemory,learnfromthepeople:Practiceremembering.1.Themainreasonforoneispoormemoryisthat_______.A.hisfatherormothermayhaveapoormemoryB.HedoesnotusehisnameorlegsforsometimeC.hismemoryisnotoftenusedD.hecan’treadorwrite2.Ifyoudonotuseyourarmsorlegsforsometime_______.A.youcan’tusethemanymoreB.theywillbecomestrongerC.theybecomeweakandwon’tbecomestronguntilyouusethemagain.D.theywillbecomeneitherstrongernorweaker3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Yourmemoryworksinthesamewayasyourarmsorlegs.B.Yourmemory,likeyourarmsorlegs,becomesweakifyoudon’tgiveitenoughchanceforpractice.C.Don’tlearnhowtoreadandwriteifyouwanttohaveabettermemory.D.Agoodmemorycomesfrommorepractice.4.Somepeoplecan’treadorwrite,buttheyusuallyhavebettermemories,because_______.A.theyhavesavemuchtroubleB.theyhavesavedmuchtimetorememberthingsC.theyhavetousetheirmemoriesallthetimeD.theycan’twriteeverythinginalittlenotebook5.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Don’tStopUsingYourArmsOrLegsB.HowToHaveaGoodMemoryC.StrongArmsAndGoodMemoriesD.LearnFromthePeople5.Whatdoesthewritertrytotelluswiththelasttwosentences?A.EnglishisimportantinusingtheInternet.B.theInternetismoreandmorepopular.C.MostoftheinformationisinEnglish.D.EverycomputermusthavetheInternet.PassageSevenInmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters(恶魔).ThemachineshavenameslikeSpaceWarrior,DarkInvaderandsoon.Itusedtobebelievedthatdamagewasdoneonlytothosestrangevisitorsfromouterspace,butnowitseemsthattheyarestrikingback.Manyteenagerslikeelectronicgamessomuchthattheycan’tstopplaying.Theyspendhourstightlyholdingthejoystickcontrolsandconstantlypressingbuttonsmarked“fire”.Theydeveloppainsontheirfingersbecauseoftheconstantpressure.Theyplayandplaythatthepainshavenochancetocureproperly.Therapidwristmovementrequiredtoguidethespaceshipacrossthescreencausesanotherproblem:Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamedandswollen(充血红肿)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.Otherstrangeachesandpainsalsoarelikelytoaffecttheelbowsandshoulders.Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Shehadbeenplayingvariouskindsofelectronicgamesformorethantwohoursaday.Herfatherrepairedgamesandmachinesandshecouldusethecassettesandsystemsinhisworkshopasoftenassheliked.Oneday,afterplayingagamecalledDarkInvader,shelostconsciousness(晕倒)andfelltothefloor.Doctorswhoexaminedherfoundshewassufferingfromanunusualillnesscausedbylightsflashingataparticularfrequency.1.Electronicgamesarefoundverypopularwith_______.A.peoplelivingintownsB.studentsstudyinginhighschoolsC.girlsworkingintheirfather’sworkshopsD.youngpeople2.“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”iscausedby_______.A.constantlypressingthebuttonsB.rapidlymovingacrossthescreenC.tightlyholdingthejoystickcontrolsD.inflamedandswollenmusclesofthewrist3.Thecaseofa17-year-oldgirlgivenbythewritershowsthatthewriter_______.A.supportsplayingelectronicgamesB.feelsverysorryforthegirlC.disagreedwithyoungpeople’splayingelectronicgamesD.feelsworriedaboutyoungpeople’spoorhealth4.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatplayingelectronicgamesis_______.A.enjoyableandhelpfultothestudyB.excitingbutharmfultothehealthandstudyC.interestingbutharmlesstotheeyesD.amusingandsatisfyingPassageEightExperimentsaboardthespaceshipColumbiahavedisprovedatheoryonthehumannervoussystemwhichwonanAustrianprofessoraNobelprize79yearsago.WestGermanastronautUlfMerbolddisprovedthetheoryduringtestsaboardthespaceshipyesterday.Hisdiscoveryisconnectedwiththeworkingsoftheinnerear,thebody’sbalancemechanism(机制).Inl914ProfessorRobertBaranywontheNobelprizeforPhysiology(生理学)andMedicinewhenheannouncedthattemperaturedifferencesaffectedtheinnerearandcausedtheeyestoblink(眨眼).Histheorywasacceptedbyscientists.ButMerboldcarriedoutteststofindifthetheorywascorrectandshockedhimselfandspaceofficialswhenheproveditwrong.AccordingtoBarany’stheorytheeyeswouldblinkwhencoldairwasblownintooneearandhotairblownintotheother.Butifthistheorywascorrectsuchamovementwouldbeimpossibleinzerogravity.BothMerbold’seyescontinuallyblinkedwhenthetestwascarriedout.1.Testswerecarriedoutinouterspaceinorderto_______.A.findwhatcausestheeyestoblinkB.shocktheworldC.provethetheoryD.disprovethetheory2.Barany’stheorydeclaredtoprove_______.A.howourhearingmechanismworksB.whyweconstantlymoveoureyesC.thateyemovementisaffectedbytemperatureD.howhearingreacts(反应)3.Barany’stheorywasprovedincorrectinspacebytheeffectsof_______.A.havingnoweight B.havingnoairC.thepullofgravity D.hotandcoldairstreamsPassageNineScientistsaredevelopinganewkindofmachinetotaketheplaceofhumans.Thesemachinescandojobsinplacesthataretoodangerousforhumans.Forexample,theyarebeingdevelopedtoworkinnuclearpowercenter,deepundertheoceansandinouterspace.JohnMarrit,apsychologist(心理学家)inWilliamsburgMassachusetts,helpeddevelopthenewmachine.Thisishowtheywork.Amachineisplacedinanareafarawayfromthepersonwhooperatesit.Thepersonwearsspecialhardhatwithtelevisionscreensandsoundequipment.Thescreensandsoundequipmentletthepersonseeandhearexactlywhatthemachineisseeingandhearing.Mr.Marritsaysthisgivesthepersonthefeelingofbeinginthesameplaceasthemachine.Theidea,hesays,isbeingtherewithoutgoingthere.Thepersonusesanelectroniccontroltomakethemachinemove.Themachinecopiestheperson’smovementsexactly.Ifthepersonraiseshisrightarm,themachineraisestherightarm,too.Thismeansanexpertcandoadangerousjobwhilestayinginthesafeplace.Forexample,apersoncandirectthemachinetodestroyabombwithoutgoingnearthebombhimself.1.Thenewkindofmachinebeingintroducedinthepassageis_______.A.inexistence

B.onlyanideaC.beingtriedout

D.beingresearchedanddeveloped2.Themachine_______.A.followstheperson’sorder

B.iscontrolledbyacomputerC.doesexactlywhatthepersondoes

D.iscontrolledbyatelevisionontheperson’shead3.Thedifferencebetweensuchanewmachineandarobotisthat_______.A.thenewmachineismoredifficulttomakethanarobot

B.thenewmachineismoredifficulttobecontrolled

C.arobotiscontrolledbymanindirectlyD.arobotcan’tbeusedinplacestoodangerousorfarawayPassageTen.HoneybeesHoneybeescandothreekindsofjobs.Thehoneybeeisoneofthemostunusualinsectsintheworld.Beesarespecialbecausetheydivideuptheirwork.Eachbeehasacertainjobtodo.Thebusiestbeeistheworker.Workersbuildthenest,calledahive.Insidethehive,workersmakeahoneycombfromwax(蜂蜡).Theystorehoneythereforfood.Workersarealwayscleaningandfixingthehive.Theyevenstandattheopeningandfantheirwingstocoolthehive.Workerbeeswillattackanything—evenpeople—tokeeptheirhivesafe.Anotherkindofbeeisthedrone(雄蜂).Dronesaremalebees,andtheirjobistoflywiththequeenbeeandmatewithher.Afterthequeenmates,theworkerbeesdrivethedronesaway.Thedronesthenstarvetodeath.Thethirdkindofbeeisthequeen.Eachhiveneedsonlyonequeen,andherjobislayingeggs.Shecanlayasmanyas2,000eggsaday.1.Thebee’snestiscalleda_______.A.drone B.honeycomb C.hive D.wax2.Waxisusedtomakethe_______.A.nest B.honeycomb C.fan D.hive3.Whichjobsdoworkersdo?A.Theylay2,000eggseachdayandbuildanest.B.Theymatewiththequeenbeeandthenstarve.C.Theycleanthehiveandkeepitcool.D.Theyattackthequeenbee.4.Accordingtothestory,bees_______.A.areverydangerousinsectsB.willattackanythingoranyonetoprotectthehive,ifnecessaryC.arelikeanyotherinsectthatfliesD.eateachotherasfood5.Thedroneisdrivenawaywhenitsjobisfinished,because_______.A.itattackedtheworkersB.itisnolongerneededinthehiveC.thequeenbeehasdiedD.itatethequeenbeePassageElevenAmericandoctorssaythatmotherswhosmokecigarettesbeforetheirbabiesarebornmayslowthegrowthoftheirbabies’lungs.Theysayreducedlunggrowthcouldcausethebabiestosufferbreathingproblemsandlungdiseaselaterinlife.DoctorsinBoston,Massachusettsstudied1100children.Themothersofsomeofthechildrensmoked,theothermothersdidnot.Doctorsfoundthatthelungsofthechildrenwhosemotherssmokedwere8%lessdevelopedthanthelungsofthechildrenwhosemothersdidnotsmoke,andthatthechildrenwhosemotherssmokeddeveloped20%morecoldandbreathingdiseasesthanotherchildrenlaterinlife.Anotherrecentstudyfoundthatchildrenhadagreaterchanceofdevelopinglungcanceriftheirmotherssmoked.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthedangeroflungcancerincreasedonlyforsonsandnotfordaughters,andthatthefather’ssmokingdidnotaffectachild’schanceofdevelopinglungcancer.1.Motherwhosmokesbeforeherchildisbornmay_______.A.slowthegrowthofherbaby’slungB.causeherbabytosufferbreathingproblemsandlungdiseaselaterinlifeC.makeherchilddeveloplungcancerD.Allofaboveareright2.DoctorsinBostonstudied1100childrento_______.A.examinewhetherthesechildrenwerehealthyB.findoutwhethertheirmothershadsmokedC.findwhythesechildrensufferedbreathingproblemsandlungdiseaseD.lookintotheeffectthatmother’ssmokinghadontheirchildren3.SupposeJohn’sfatherwasaheavysmoker,sowasMary’smother.Accordingthispassage,_______.A.JohnismorelikelytodeveloplungcancerB.MaryismorelikelytodeveloplungcancerC.JohnandMaryhavethesamechancetodevelopcancerD.neitherJohnnorMaryhasthechancetodevelopcancer4.Thispassageisto_______.A.warnusofthedangerofsmokingbeforechildrenB.warnpeoplewithbreathingproblemsnottosmokeC.warnusthatmotherswhosmokemayaffecttheirchildren’shealthD.warnusthatfatherswhosmokemayaffecttheirchildrenasmothersPassageTwelveYoucannotseeanyobjectunlesslightfromthatobjectgetsintoyoureyes.Someofthethingsyouseegiveofflightoftheirown.Thesun,thestars,alightedlampareexamplesthatcanbeseenbytheirownlight.Suchthingsareluminous.Mostofthethingsyouseearenotgivingofflightoftheirown.Theyaresimplyreflectinglightthatfallsonthemfromthesunorsomeotherluminousbodies.Themoon,forexample,doesnotgiveoffanylightofitsown.Itisnon-luminous.Youseeitbecausesunlightfallsonitandsomeofitreflectsinourdirection.Somoonlightisonlysecondhandsunlight.Whenyoulookatabook,itsendstoyoureyessomeofthelightwhichfallsonit,andyouseethebook.Iflightcouldbekeptoutfromwhereyouaresothattherewouldbenolightforthebooktoreflect,thenyoucouldnotseethebookevenwithyoureyeswideopen.Lighttravelssofastthatthetimeinwhichittravelsfromthebookyouarereadingtoyoureyesissoshortasiftherewerenotimeatall.Lightreachesusfromthemoon,whichisabout380000kilometersaway,inonlyalittlemorethanasecond.1.Youcanseethebookbecause_______.A.youreyesareclosetoit B.itreflectssomeofthesunlightC.ithaslightofitsown D.youreyesightcangettoit2.Theunderlinedword“luminous”means_______.A.visible B.allcolors C.givingofflight D.sunlight3.________havelightoftheirown.A.Thesunandthemoon B.ThestarsandtheearthC.Thesunandthestars D.Themoonandtheearth4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Allthethingsyoucanseegiveofflight.B.Lightfromthebookismuchshorterthanthatfromthemoon.C.Themomentyouopenyoureyesthelightfromthebooktravelstoyoureyes.D.Lighttravelssofastthatthereisnotimeforyoutoread.PassageThirteenAspeoplecontinuetogrowandage,ourbodysystems(系统)continuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlifeyourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.Yourstrengthmaybecomeweaker.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthischangethatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.Manyfactors(因素)decideyourhealth.Agooddietplaysanimportantrole.theamountandtypeofexerciseyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingconditionisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingagingproblemwanttoknow:Whydopeoplegrowold?Theyhopethatbystudyingtheagingmedicalsciencetheymaybeabletomakethelengthoflifelonger.Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldagecomes.Manyconsiderthelaterpartoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaybecomeless,butoftenyougetbetterunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknows,withsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquickly,lifelengthmayonedaybemeasuredincenturies,ratherthatinyears!1.Whenpeoplebecomeaging,theywilllosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury,“bounceback”heremeans_______.A.toescapefromdiseaseandinjuryB.toimproveone’shealthafterone’sdiseaseandinjuryC.tojumpbackwardD.torunfast2.Manyconsiderthelaterpartoflifetobethebesttimeoflivingbecause______.A.theyconsidertheirlifehasbeenasuccessfuloneB.theyhavecomethroughthebattleoflifesafelyC.theyhavelessmisunderstandingofthemselvesandtheoutsideworldD.theyhavenothingtodoalldaylongonlytowatchtheirgrandchildrengrowinguparoundthem高一英语阅读理解试题（科技类）答案：A【答案与解析】本文讲计算机的发展历史。1.A。细节题。根据据第1句话Thecomputerisausefulmachine可知答案为A。2.C。推断题。第一台计算机是1946年生产的，距今大约60年，所以应选C。3.C。细节题。根据第3段第2句Theyaregettingsmallerandsmaller可知答案为C。4.D。推断题。根据第2段第1句Todaycomputersareusedinmanywaysandcandomanykindsofwork以及…buttheycannotdoeverything可知答案为D。5.B。细节题。根据最后一句话Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowtousethecomputersoftomorrow可知答案为B。B【答案与解析】本文介绍热水比冷水结冰快的现象。1.A。细节题。据第1句和第2句可知答案为A。2.A。细节题。根据Butfewpeoplebelievehimuntil1970可知答案为A。3.B。细节题。根据文章第1句可得得答案为B。4.A。推断题。根据Someofthewarmwaterchangedintovapor.Thismeantthatlessofthewarmwaterwaslefttobefrozen可知答案为A。C【答案与解析】本文讲述有关记忆力的一些知识。1.C。推断题。根据Whensomeonesaysthathehasagoodmemory,hereallymeansthathekeepshismemoryinpracticebyusingit可推出答案为C。2.C。根据Whenyoustartusingthemagaintheyslowlybecomestrongagain可知答案为C。3.C。根据文章内容，A、B、D项均正确，只有C项错误，所以选择C。4.C。根据Thisisbecausetheycannotreadorwriteandtheyhavetorememberthings和…sotheirmemoryisthewholetimebeingexercised可知答案为C。5.B。本文主要讲记忆力不是天生的，而是靠后天培养的，所以应该选择B。D【答案解析】本文讲述了科技产品开发者寻求生产商投资生产的问题。1.D。细节题。根据第2段…Itisbetterthanourfishoils和第6段…Wemightaddsomechemicalstoourownfishoils可知它的目的是D。2.B。细节题。根据第6段的…thisoilwillbemuchcheaperthanyourbestfishoils和第2段的…Itisbetterthanourfishoils可推知答案为B。3.A。细节题。根据倒数第2段ButIamsosorryforyou,because,yousee,thatisnotpossiblethistime可知D为正确选项。4.D。推断题。根据最后一段及全文的分析可知Johnson的目的是想要该经理生产…thenewoils，故选D。E【答案解析】本文讲述了电脑的巨大作用和学会电脑的益处及相关的注意事项。1.C。细节题。根据第1段…Learningtheseskillschangedyourlifeforeverandopenedupnewhorizons.Learningaboutcomputerscanbelikelearninghowtoridabikeordriveacar可知C为正确答案。2.A。细节题。根据第3段…Invasionofprivacy,fraud,andcomputer-relatedmistakesarejustafewshockingexamples可知电脑是不能避免错误的，故A为正确答案。3.A。细节题。根据最后一段…Thechoiceisyours,andthroughaknowledgeofcomputersystemswillyoubeabletoavoidthedangers…可知A才是所需要的条件。4.C。推断题。从作者所列出的电脑的种种好处和一些注意事项来看，本文是写给电脑初学者的，故答案为C。F【答案与解析】这是一篇关于Internet的说明文，它介绍了什么是Internet，Internet的用途，它的贡献等等。1.A。主旨题。文章的每一段都谈到了Internet，所以我们可以推断文章的主要内容是Internet。2.B。细节题。在第2段中谈到YoucansendE-mailtoyourfriends,andtheycangettheminafewseconds，相比其他选项，E-mail当然是最快的。3.C。细节题。最后一段的第2句讲到It’spossibleforyoutoworkathomewithacomputerinfront，所以明天我们极有可能athome工作了。4.D。判断题。根据全文我们得知，我们可以在school,libraries,home等地方使用Internet，所有的拥有者是大家，并不是某一个人或某一行业的从业者。5.A。推断题。最后两句告诉我们：98%oftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish，也就是说英语在Internet的应用是非常广泛，非常重要的，除A选项外，没有一个选项能全部概括这句话的意思。G(1—4DACB)【答案解析】本文介绍了电游对青少年学生的吸引及由此带来身体等方面的危害。1.D。细节题。根据In