高中英语表语从句讲解及专项练习

表语从句讲解及专项练习概念：表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。可以接表语从句的系动词有：

1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)

2:

feel

,

seem

,

look,

appear

,sound,

taste

,

smell

3:

stand

,

lie

,

remain

,keep,

stay

4:

become

,get

,

grow

,

turn

,go

,come,

run,

fall

5:

prove,

turn

outThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。引导表语从句的词：从属连词that、whether、asthough、asif（That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。）关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。例如：Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。例如：Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去。Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作。That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事。That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的。由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。例如：Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的。由连词because，asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了。That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事。Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案。注意A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel. Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B.不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外）。引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether位于句首时要用whether。引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether。False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.C.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。基本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)What

I

told

him

was

that

I

would

find

him

a

good

play.

我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，

that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，

不能省略)

That

is

what

I

want

to

tell

you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)

That

is

why

she

failed

to

pass

the

exam.

那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why

在表语从句中充当原因状语)

注意

“That

is

why...”是常用句型，

意为“这就是„„的原因/因此„„”，

其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，

该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，

又如：

That

is

why

you

see

this

old

woman

before

you

know,

Jeanne.

珍妮，

这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，

说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。That

is

why

I

came.

这就是我来的原因。

下面是两个与“That

is

why...”形式相似的结构，

它们与“That

is

why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：

(1)“That

is

why...”与“That

is

the

reason

why...”同义，

只不过从语法结构上讲，

“That

is

the

reason

why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，

将其中的the

reason去掉则与“That

is

why...”结构一样，

例如：

That

is

(the

reason)

why

I

cannot

agree.

这就是我不能同意的理由。

(2)“That

is

because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，

这也是个常用句型，

意为“这就是为什么„„/因为„„”。“That

is

because...”与“That

is

why...”之间的不同在于“That

is

because...”指原因或理由，

“That

is

why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，

例如：

He

did

not

see

the

film

last

night.

That

is

because

he

had

to

help

his

little

sister

with

her

homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，

那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，

第二句话说明原因)

He

had

seen

the

film

before.

That

is

why

he

did

not

see

it

last

night.他以前曾看过那部电影，

因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，

第二句话说明结果)表语从句与宾语从句的关系

宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。

宾语从句

(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点

①语序:

从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,

即“主语

+

谓语”这种形式。

②时态:

当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,

从句可以是任何时态,

而当主句是一般过去时的时候,

从句,

从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,

即(一般过去时,

过去进行时,

过去完成时,

过去将来时)。

③连接词:

当从句意思完整,

主句意思肯定时,

连接词用that,

且可以省去,

当从句意思完整,

主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,

常用if或whether(是否),

当从句意思不完整时,

连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。

如：

What

the

police

want

to

know

is

when

you

entered

red

the

room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。

The

days

are

getting

longer

and

longer.

白天变得越来越长了。

2．fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：

asleep,

lame,

silent,

ill,

sick,

flat.

The

old

men,

unable

to

express

himself,

fell

silent.

那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。

My

father

fell

ill

and

died.

我的父亲生病死了。

3．grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得”

It’s

growing

warm.

天气渐渐暖和起来了。

4．turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。Maple

trees

turn

red

in

autumn.

枫叶在秋天变红了。

It

was

cloudy

this

morning,

but

fortunately

it

has

turned

fine.

今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。

5．go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”

The

telephone

has

gone

dead.

电话不通了。

The

material

has

gone

a

funny

colour.

这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。

go之后常接的adj.

还有：bad,

blind,

wild,

wrong,

sour,

hard,

hungry,

mad,

red,

with,

anger,

white,

pale,

blue,

grey.

6．become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”

I

became

interested

in

drawing.

我开始对素描感兴趣了。

He

became

angry

with

me.

他对我生气了。

They

became

good

friends.

他们成了好朋友。

7．come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。

His

wish

to

become

a

pilot

has

come

true.

他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。

If

you

look

into

the

matter,

everything

will

come

clear.

如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。

后面常接的形容词还有：apart,

dear（昂贵），natural,

open,

short,

right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）。

8．run,“变成”，后接adj.

The

price

ran

high.

价格上升了。

9．make，“达到某种状态[后接形容词]，如sure,

certain,

merry,

bold,

free

We

must

make

certain

of

facts.我们一定要弄清事实。

D．双谓语系动词

此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。

例如：The

run

rose

red.太阳升起红艳艳。

She

stopped

and

stood

quite

still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。

The

snow

lay

thick

on

the

ground.

雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He

married

young.

他结婚很早。

Lei

Feng

died

young.雷锋早逝。

He

continued

silent.他继续沉默不语。

系动词单项选择题

①The

story

sounds_________________(MET

89)

A.

to

be

true

B.

as

true

C.

being

true

D.

true

②Those

oranges

taste__________(MET

91)

A.

good

B.

well

C.

to

be

good

D.

to

be

well

③---Are

you

feeling________?

---Yes,

I’m

fine

now/(NMET92)

A.

any

well

B.

any

better

C.

quite

good

D.

quite

better

④----Can

I

join

the

club,

Dad.

----You

can

when

you

_________a

bit

older.(NMET

94)

A.

get

B.

will

get

C.

get

D.

will

have

got

⑤---Do

you

like

the

material?

----Yes,

it

_______very

soft.(NMET

94)

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

⑥I

love

to

go

to

the

seaside

on

Summer.

It_____

good

to

lie

in

the

sun

or

swim

in

the

cool

sea.(NMET

96)

A.

does

B.

feels

C.

gets

D.

makes

⑦Cleaning

women

in

big

cities

usually

get

_______by

the

hour.(NMET

98)

A.

pay

B.

paying

C.

paid

D.

to

pay

⑧Why

don’t

you

put

the

meat

in

the

fridge?

It

will

_____

for

several

days.(NMET2003）

A.

be

stayed

B.

stay

C.

be

staying

D.

have

stayed

系动词巩固练习

①What

you

have

said_______.

A．is

sounded

interesting

B

sounds

interesting

C．sound

interested

D．listens

interested

②The

class

begins.

Please

keep________.

A．silent

B．silence

C．the

silence

D．silently

③Look!

Several

people

in

the

crowd

seemed_____.

A．to

be

fighting

B．to

have

fought

C．being

fought

D．having

fought

④How

_____the

song

she

sings

sounds!

I

have

never

______a

better

voice.

A．beautifully,

sounded

B．beautiful,

sounded

C．sweet,

listened

to

D．sweet,

heard

⑤Her

feeling

about

the

marriage

______rather

strange.

A．is

looked

B．is

seemed

C．seems

D．is

appeared

⑥The

new

shirt______

right.

A．doesn’t

feel

B．isn’t

felt

C．isn’t

feeling

D．doesn’t

touch

⑦How

happy

it_______

for

me

to

be

home

again

after

twenty

years

abroad!

A．gives

B．feels

C．is

felt

D．is

given

⑧John

_____driver

since

two

months

ago.

A．became

a

B．has

become

a

C．has

turned

D．h