虚拟语气总结附练习及答案

虚拟语气简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+助动词的过去式(were,did,had)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+动词过去式If+主语+wereto+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.if省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.—WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.—Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.—Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。③用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？Wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn'tgotyourhelp)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,„=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,„=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,„没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。④含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式,从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。(特别提醒：不是用would,而是用shouldo)常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise建议,beg恳求,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求，request请求，insist坚持，require要求，order下令，propose打算，recommend推荐，intend打算,prefer宁愿,permit允许,persuade劝说，expect期望，decide决定‘instruct命令，object拒绝,determine决定,urge力劝,appoint约定等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上就做。在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff

2.在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要参加会议。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必须按时到达那儿。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.虚拟语气（3—虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时（haddone）或“would/could+现在完成时”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我当时在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相冋，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.（对将来的虚拟）但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.（对现在的虚拟）我的个子要是能咼一点就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!（对过去的虚拟）要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在asif/asthough引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时Ireallydon'tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去过美国。

在wouldrather结构中wouldratherdosth.表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆着。wouldratherhavedonesth.表示过去的事件，主语丁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。wouldrathersb.Did表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”Don'tcometomorrow.I'dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。wouldrathersb.haddone表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在Itis(about,high)time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱们应该开始干活了。各类用法条件状语从句分类条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。例如：Ifhedoesn'thurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。（真实）Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）IfIwereyou,lwouldgoatonce.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气）Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气）1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：lf+主语+过去时（Be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）IfIknewhistelephonenumber」wouldtellyou.

如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水）IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）ShelookedatmeasifIhadbeenastranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）IfIwereyou,I'dwearashirtandtie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。（事实：我并不是你）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+havedoneeg：IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：①f+主语+weretodof+主语+should+dof+主语+did（动词过去式）/were主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.

如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小）IfsheweretobeherenextMonday」wouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。eg：IfIhadworkedhardatschool」wouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,

这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，butfor…等eg：Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction」wouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略丛句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你本能通过这次考试的。省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。8■注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。eg：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。目的状语从句1、 在forfearthat,incase,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should+do。并且should能省略Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathief(should)comein.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。Hestartedoutearlierlesthe(should)belate.他早早的就出发了以防迟到。2、 在sothat,inorderthat所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/could/may/might/will/would/should+do。Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。

Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。宾语从句[1一、Iwish后的宾语从句动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could+have+过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would(could)+动词原形。如：IwishIcouldbeofsomeuse.我希望我能有什么用处。Wewishhedidn'tsmoke.我们希望他不吸烟。Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.我希望物价能降下来。Iwishthetrainwouldcome.我希望火车会来。二、 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。HeinsistedthatI(should)gowiththem.他坚持要我同他们一起去。Roseinsistedthathebepresent.罗斯坚持要他出席。Thedetectiveinsistedthatheshouldhavealook.警探坚持要查看。注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他坚持要我看他的信。三、 表示“命令”后的宾语从句主要是指order,command的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Heorderedthatit(should)besentback.他命令把它送回去。Thejudgeorderedthattheprisonershouldberemanded.法官命令被告还押。TheKingorderedthatthemanbereleased.国王命令释放那人。Hecommandedthatwe(should)attackatonce.他命令我们立即发起进攻。

四、表示“建议”后的宾语从句主要是指advise,suggest,propose,recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.他建议我们早点动身。Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.医生劝他换工作。Theyrecommendthatthistaxbeabolished.他们建议取消这种税。Isuggestthatwe(should)havelunchrightnow.我建议我们现在就吃午饭。Thecommitteeproposed(that)Mr.Daybeelected.委员会建议推选戴先生。Thedoctoradvised[suggested]thathe(should)notsmoke.医生建议他不要抽烟。Iproposethatthematterbeputtothevoteatonce.我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。HeproposedthatMr.O'Learybethechairman.他提议奥列利先生担任主席。ShesuggestedthatI(should)beresponsibleforthearrangements.她建议我来负责进行安排。注意：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会:Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。Isuggestedthatyouhadasecretunderstandingwithhim.我觉得你与他心照不宣。五、表示“要求”后的宾语从句主要是指ask,demand,require,request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Iaskthatheleave.我要求他走开。HerequiresthatI(should)appear.他要求我出场。TheyrequirethatIgoatonce.他们要求我立刻走。IdemandthatJohn(should)gothereatonce.我要求约翰立即到那里去。Irequestedthatheshouldusehisinfluenceonmybehalf.我请求他为我施用他的影响。HeaskedthatthemessagebegiventoMadameimmediately.他要求把信息立即带给夫人。Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiventoeveryadultman.他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。

六、 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句主要是指move,vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Imovethatweaccepttheproposal.我提议通过这项提案。Mr.Chairman,Ibegtomovethatthemeetingbeadjourned.主席先生，我提议休会。Congresshasvotedthatthepresentlawbemaintained.国会投票决定维持现在这条法律。ClaudelmovedthatNorwoodshouldbemadeamemberofthecommittee.克洛戴尔提出动议，让诺伍德当一名委员。七、 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Heurgesthattherestrictionsbelifted.他敦促取消这些限制。HeurgedthattheygotoEurope.他敦促他们到欧洲去。Heurgedthattheratesshouldbereduced.他敦请减轻捐税。Heurgedthatthemattershouldgotoarbitration.他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。Theyurgedthatreliefworkshouldbegivenpriority.他们敦促将救济工作放在优先位置。八、 表示“安排”后的宾语从句主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：HearrangedthatIshouldgoabroad.他安排我去国外。IarrangedthatTomshouldmeetthem.我安排好叫汤姆去接他们。Theyarrangedthattheministershouldbemetattheairport.他们安排在机场迎接这位部长。Itwasarrangedthattheyshouldleavethefollowingspring.已安排好他们第二年春天离开。They'vearrangedthatIshouldabsentmyselfforpartofthemeeting.他们安排好让我一部分时间不在开会现场。九、 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句主要是指动词desire,intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Shedesiresthathedoit.她希望他做此事。

Theyintendedthatthenews(should)besuppressed.他们打算封锁这条消息。Idesirethepatientshouldhaveabatheveryday.我希望病人每天洗澡。十、表示“指示”后的宾语从句主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：Thegeneraldirectedthattheprisonersshouldbesetfree.将军指示释放那些俘虏。其他用法1、 一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)一坚持(insist)二命令(order,command)三建议(advise,suggest,propose/recommend)四要求(demand,require,request,ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用:"should+do"。should可以省略。eg：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Heinsistedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Hedemandthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Heorderedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.insist意为"坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为"坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg：Heinsistsheisastudent.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为暗示呗I」不用虚拟语气。eg：Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。2、 表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary>important>impossible>natural、strange、surprising>funny、right、wrong、better、apity,theshame,nowonder等。句型：Itis that+主语从句从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型eg:Doyouthinkitisnecessarythathe(should)notbesenttoLingbao.

Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriend.奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。注：这一点还没有准确的说法，希望善心人能把这点补充完全。3、 在evenif,eventhough所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时,表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/eventhough/whatever/however/solongas;主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。eg：Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）4、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever,however,nomatterwh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may+do。eg：Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhatmayhappen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。Wewillfindhimwhereverhemaybe.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemaycome.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。指过去：may+havedone。eg：Youmustn'tbeproudwhatevergreatprogressyoumayhavemade.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhatmistakeshemayhavemade.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。5、一般wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故

使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:过去had+done现在过去时（be用were）将来过去时（be用were）（wouldrather将来情况用一般过去时）eg：I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。rdratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿注：注意wouldrather，hadrather，wouldsooner的细微差别，可以百度一下查查。6、 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：Itis（high/about）timethat+主语+动词的过去式/should+do（优先使用动词过去式）即从句用虚拟过去式。ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早该上班了。7、 简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would/could/might/should+do。eg：Wouldyoumindmeshuttingthedoor?你介意我把门关起来吗？Youshouldalwayslearnthislessonbyheart.你要把这个教训牢记于心。Ishouldagreewithyou.

我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)表示"祝愿"时，常用may+主语+do。eg：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路顺风。Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永驻。表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用do。eg：Godblessus.上帝保佑。习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。提出请求或邀请。eg：Wouldyouliketohaveatalkwithusthisevening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？CouldIuseyourbikenow?我可以用一下你的单车吗？陈述自己的观点或看法。eg：Ishouldbegladtomeetyou.见到你我会很高兴。Iwouldtrymybesttohelpyou.我会尽力帮助你。提出劝告或建议。eg：You'dbetteraskyourfatherfirst.你最好先问一问你的父亲。Youshouldmakeafullinvestigationofitfirst.你应该先全面调查一番。提出问题。eg：Doyouthinkhecouldgethereontime

你认为他能按时来吗?Doyouexpecthewouldtellusthetruth?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词+havedone。eg：Youshouldhavegothereearlier.你早该到这里了。Youshouldhavereturnedittohim.你早该把它还给他了。&虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之方式状语从句词条。误区1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化；2•省略if时，句子调整不正确3•不会去找意思中的“应该”含义；4•陷在虚拟中出不来，把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句【典型例题】IfIhadseenthemovie,I youallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold解析：错选D。此题考查混合条件句。从句表对过去的虚拟，主句表对现在的虚拟，所以正确答案为A。Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit .A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined解析：答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时 todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI解析:答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略主语提前，变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo..Mysuggestionisthatshe moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took

解析：错选A。本题要表达“我的建议是她(应该)多锻炼，这对她会有很大好处。”符合虚拟的条件，所以正确答案为C。空前面省略了should.省略省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had等提到句首：WereITom,lwouldrefuse.如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。Shoulditbenecessary」wouldgo.假若有必要，我会去的。Haditnotbeenforthebadweatherwewouldhavearrivedontime.若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。【注】若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:HadItime,Iwouldcome.假若我有时间，我会来的。(=lfIhadtime...)省略主语和动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：Ifrepairedearlier,thetractorwouldnothavebrokendown.要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=lfithadbeenrepairedearlier.)省略“it+be”Ifnecessary,Iwouldsendmorefarmhandstohelpyou.如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=Ifitwasnecessary,...)省略条件从句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：Imightseeherpersonally.Itwouldbebetter.我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=IfIsawherpersonally,itwouldbebetter.)条件句中条件暗含在短语中如：Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。(暗含条件是otherwise)Withoutyourhelp,wewouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.

没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。（暗含条件是介词短语withoutyourhelp）Butforyourhelp,lwouldnothavesucceededintheexperiment.如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是butforyourhelp）Itwouldcausegreattroublenottolubricatethebearingimmediately.不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是nottolubricatethebearingimmediately）条件暗含在上下文中如：Iwouldnothavedoneitthatway.我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含ifIwereyou）Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecometohelpyou.我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含ifIhadn'tbeensobusy.Youmightcometojoinusinthediscussion.你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）IwouldhaveboughttheDVDplayer.我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含ifIhadthemoney）Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含ifithadnotbeenforthestorm）。虚拟语气练习题用所给动词的适当形式填空：PartA.Ifpeople (drive)moreslowly,therewouldn'tbesomanyaccidents.Ifyouhadworkedcarefully,you (notmake)somanymistakes.Theboatwouldn'thavedriftedaway,ifwe (tie)itup.IfIhadknownyoualready (have)atypewriter,I (not,buy)oneforyourbirthday.Ifhe (be)herethisafternoonIwouldgowithhim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thematch (postpone).Butforyourhelp,we (notbe)abletofinishtheworkintime.Ifit (not,be)fortheleadershipoftheParty,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuch.IwishI (study)hardwhileIwasyoung.Itisabouttimethatfence (mend).Myrequestisthatwe (hold)anothersessiontodiscusstheproblem.Itisstrangethatthecar (break)downatexactlythesameplacewhereit (break)downyesterday.Thebabysmiledasifhe (understand)whathismother (say).Hetalkedasifhe (do)alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandI (do)mostofit.Ifonlywe (have)aphone!I'mtiredofqueuingoutsidethepublicphonebox. “Canwecomeinlatetomorrow?” “I'dratheryou (come)inontime.”Helooksasifhe (be)illforalongtime.Healwaystalksasthoughhe (address)apublicmeeting.Ifametal (heat),itwillexpand.I (stay)homeifitrainsthisevening.PartB.Shewouldcallyouimmediatelyifshe (need)help.IfIhadseenthemovie,I (tell)youallaboutitnow.Ifhe (decide)earlier,hecouldhaveleftontheafternoonflight. I (take)myumbrellawithmewhenI (come)outthismorning,I (notbe)sowetnow.Ifyouhadlistenedtome,you (notbe)insuchtroublenow.Iwishthey (stop)makingsomuchnoisesothatIcouldconcentrateonmywork.Itisinconceivablethathe (notsee)methatdayforI (wave)toher.Whatapitythathegaveordersthatallthoselovelytrees (cut)down.Mr.Joneswouldrather (stay)homelastnight.Henrywouldratherthathisbrother (work)inthesamedepartmentashedoes.Electriccurrentflowsthroughaconductorasthoughit (be)afluid.We (invite)hertothepartybutwedidn'tknowthatshe (already,come)backfromabroad.Today'sindustrialproduction (be)impossiblewithoutthecontributionmadebythescienceofphysics.Ihatedriving.I'dmuchratheryou (drive).Theguests (arrive)lastnight,butthereisstillnonewsaboutthem.Mother (feel)anxiousifIcamehomelate.EvenifI (be)withyouthen,I (can,not,do)muchforyou.Alessconscientiousman (not,try)sohardtogetthisjobdone.Doyouwishthatyou (have)asisterlikeher?Isn'titsurprisingthathe (have)twocaraccidentsduringthepastweek?选择题：IfI you,I'djointhearmy.am B.was C.wereD.wouldbe“Ifthesun tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?”willnotrise B.wouldnotriseC.didnotriseD.doesnotriseIfyou toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?areB.willbegoingC.must D.wereIwouldhavesaid“Hello”tohimifI yourbrother.couldseeB.hadseenC.willseeD.willhaveseenIfyouhadwantedtobuyarecord,what ?A.wouldyoubuyB.hadyouboughtC.wouldyouhavebought D.wouldyoubebuyingIfthetabletshaddissolved,John .A.wouldprobablydie B.hadprobablydiedC.probablywouldbedied D.wouldprobablyhavedied ifyouhadlostyourwatch?A.Hadn'tyoubeenupset B.Wouldn'tyoubeupsetC.Weren'tyouupset D.Wouldn'tyouhaveupset “IwassosorrytohearaboutJack.” “Ifhehadmademorefriendshere,hemight .”A.havestayedB.havestayC.stayedD.stayIfIhadabike,I ittoyouyesterday.A.wouldhavelentB.wouldlendC.wouldhavelend D.couldlend ,Johnwouldnothavefailed.A.Ifhehaslistenedtome B.HadhelistenedtomeC.Ifhelistenedtome D.AshelistenedtomeHadAlicebeenmorehardworking,she .A.hadnotfailedB.wouldnothavefailedC.wouldnotfail D.couldnotbefailed“Stevemadeareservationalready.” “ hechangehismind,hecancancelit.”A.Should B.Would C.If D.SoIwishedit butitdid.6.27.28.I ProfessorJoneshadtaughtmethisequation.A.believeB.deeplythinkC.wishD.supposeThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun aroundtheearth.A.circlesB.iscirclingC.becirclingD.werecirclingThecomputer“teacher”wastalkingwithhisstudentsasthoughit ahumanteacher.A.was B.were C.hadbeenD.beJaneappearsasthoughshe thesecret.A.knowsB.knewC.hasknown D.hadknownIfonlyshe ofAuntRuth!A.wasnotterriblysofrightenedwerenotterriblysofrightenedbenotsoterriblyfrightenedwerenotsoterriblyfrightened “IthinkthattheSmithswereembarrassedbyJane'sgenerosity.” “Sheinsisted itasagift.”A.nothemtoacceptB.theiracceptingC.thattheyaccept D.thattheyacceptedThechairmanrequestedthat .A.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullytheproblemweremorecarefullystudiedtheproblemcouldbestudiedwithmorecarethemembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully “DidKathyhaveanyideasforJim?” “Shesuggestedthathe acardwithallofournamesonit.”A.send B.sends C.tosend D.sendingTheideaisthatwe anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.A.willsendB.hadsentC.sendD.besentItisnecessarythatthismachine-tool everyday.A.beoiledB.oil C.istobeoiled D.oiled “That'sabeautifulcoatinthewindow.” “Itcertainlyis.IfIhadthemoney buyit.”A.I'dB.I'll C.Imay D.Ishall--“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”--“Iwouldhave Ididn'thavethemoney.A.if B.and C.but D.otherwiseJillwouldratherwe now,butwemustgotowork.A.notleaveB.hadnotleftC.didn'tleave D.nottobeleftI'djustassoon thoseimportantpaperswithyou.A.thatyouwon'ttake B.yournottakingC.pleasedon'tyoutake D.youdidn'ttakeThehousemasterwasverystrict.Heaskedthatwe televisiononweeknights.A.notwatch B.notbewatching29.Ihadn'texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped___B.thathewouldcallme30.A.himcallingmeC.himtocallme atthepricelist,he'A.HadMr.RobinsonlookedD.thathecallmedhaveknownwhattoexpect.B.IfMr.RobinsonlookedC.IfMr.RobinsonwouldhavelookedD.HadMr.Robinsonbeenlooking31. “ShallIopenthewindow?” “I'drather .”A.youhadbetternot B.youdon'29.Ihadn'texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped___B.thathewouldcallme30.A.himcallingmeC.himtocallme atthepricelist,he'A.HadMr.RobinsonlookedD.thathecallmedhaveknownwhattoexpect.B.IfMr.RobinsonlookedC.IfMr.RobinsonwouldhavelookedD.HadMr.Robinsonbeenlooking31. “ShallIopenthewindow?” “I'drather .”A.youhadbetternot B.youdon'tC.youshouldn't D.youdidn't32.“Didyouhavetogotocourt?” “No,Ididn't,butIwould ifmylawyerhadn'tbeensogood.”A.hadB.haveC.beD.do33.IfPeterhadenoughmoney,heA.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldgo34.IfyouhadbeeninShanghailastmonth,you___A.hadseenB.haveseen___onthetriptoLosAngeles.B.wentthegame.C.hadbeenseen D.wouldhaveseen35.Ifyouhadn'ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we'dA.beB.getC.havegotat D.havebeen_Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.B.didnotoccurB.get36.IftheWatergateIncident

A.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurring37.Alan thepartyifhe'A.wouldhavemissedD.wouldnotoccurdgonetoLondon.B.hadmissedD.missed38.C.couldmiss--“Yourpicturesarebeautiful!”--“We moreifwehadn'trunoutoffilm.”A.wouldtakehadtakenwillhavetakenC.wouldhavetaken39.Peterwishesthathe40.therebynow.lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege.A.hadstudiedB.studiedC.couldstudyD.wouldstudy--“Icouldn'ttalktoMrs.Khandaryverywell,becausemyArabicisn'tverygoodyet.”--“ there,hewouldhavebeenabletointerpretforyou.”A.IfJohnwereB.JohnhadbeenC.HadJohnbeenD.WereJohn ,Geraldwouldhavebeenarichman.A.Washetoenterbusiness B.WereheenteredbusinessD.IfhewastoenterbusinessC.HadheenteredbusinessD.Ifhewastoenterbusiness42. ,weshallgoonapicnic.A.ShouldtheweatherbefineIftheweatherwerefineHadtheweatherbeenfineD.Weretheweathertobefine-“IwishID.Weretheweathertobefine-“IwishI theorientationprogramyesterday.”-“It'stoo