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动词的时态和语态
准确确定动词时态的“四个依据”
依据一时间状语
动词的时态,顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式,因此时间状语是确定动词时
态的最直接的决定因素。
依据二参照动词
当题干中没有时间状语,或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时,动词的时态由
其参照动词来决定。
依据三句意或语境
当题干中无时间状语及参照动词,或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时,所填动词的
时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。
依据四固定句式
英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定,如果题干中出现这类句式,考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时
态。
1.Itisthefirst/second/...timethatsb.has/havedone...
2.Itwasthefirst/second/…timethatsb.haddone...
3.Sb.was/weredoingsth.when...did...
4.Hardly/Scarcelyhadsb.donesth.when...did...
5.Sb.beabouttodosth.when...did...
6.Ifs(high)timethatsb.didsth./shoulddosth.
准确确定动词时态和语态的“八项注意”
1.注意上下文中时态应一致:若上文是一般过去时,则下文一般用一般过去时;若上文是一般现在时,则
下文一般用一般现在时。
2.注意看主语和谓语之间是主动还是被动关系,确定语态。
①被动语态的构成形式:
a.一般时:bedone;
b.进行时:bebeingdone;
c.完成时:has/have/hadbeendone(.
②“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构中be动词不可遗漏。
③及物动词(短语)之后若无宾语应用被动语态;不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。
3.注意解题时要首先找出句子的主语,然后确定主语与动词之间的关系,如主语是动作的发出者,动词则
用主动语态;如主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物
动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
4.注意牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态
(1)①一般现在时:am/is/aredone;
②一般过去时:was/weredone;
③一般将来时:willbedone;
④过去将来时:wouldbedone;
⑤现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdone;
⑥过去进行时:was/werebeingdone;
⑦现在完成时:has/havebeendone;
⑧过去完成时:hadbeendone。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式:情态动词+bedoneo
(3)牢记常考的不及物动词,如:happen>occur>belongto等。
5.注意熟用技巧1慧眼识别标识词
在高考语法填空中,有时会给出时间标志,考生可根据所给标识词或时间状语轻松得出答案。
①一般现在时:sometimes>everyweek/day/year/morning等。
②一般过去时:yesterday>lastweek/night/year/month>theotherday>in+过去的年份、时间段+ago、时
间段+later等。
③现在进行时:look、listen>now^atpresentsatthismoment/time等。
④过去进行时:atthattime/moment等。
⑤一般将来时:tomorrow>nextweek/year>in+时间段、inthefuture等。
⑥将来进行时:atsix/thistimetomorrow等。
⑦现在完成时:since+时间点、recently、latelyalreadysofar^eversince>untilnow>upto/until/bynow、
now、during/over/inthelast/past+时间段、in/overrecent+时间段等。
⑧过去完成时:bythen>untilthen、by/before/tilltheendof+过去时间点等。
6.注意熟用技巧2参考语境和并列谓语
⑴语境理解少不了:
题干中没给出具体的时间状语时,应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态,弄清动作发生
的时间及顺序,确定所填谓语动词的时态。
⑵瞻前顾后找并列:
①可根据并列连词and、but、or>aswellas>ratherthan>both...and...、neither...nor...>either...or...A
notonly...butalso…等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态;②同一个主语连接两个或两个以上
的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
7.注意熟用技巧3主从句时态须呼应
①在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过
去时。
②在宾语从句中,如主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态;从句表客观事实或真理,用一般现在
时。
8.注意熟用技巧4固定句式要牢记,
①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时。
②This/It/Thatis+the+序数词+time+(that)从句,从句用现在完成时。
③This/It/Thatwas+ihe+序数词+time+(that)从句,从句用过去完成时。
@Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesb./sth.did...
@Itis(high)timesb./sth.did...
@was/weredoingsth.whensb./sth.did
©nosooner/hardlyhadsb.donesth.than/whensb./sth.did
⑧bythetime+sb./sth.did,主语+haddone
谓语动词要点一各种时态的用法
考点一一般时态
(一)一般现在时
1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,everytime,now
andthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等连用。
(陕西卷)OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20
miles.
2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,
begin,come,close等动词。
Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.
3.如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
(江苏卷)Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhestarted.
【名师点津】
动词第三人称的构成
work—worksget—>gets
一般情况直接加-S
say—saysread一reads
结尾为-sh,-ch或-o,在词discuss—discusses
尾加-eswash—washesfix一fixes
teach—>teachesgo—>goes
结尾为“辅音字母+y”,变y为carry—>carriesstudy—studies
i再加-estry—>triesfly-^-fliescry—cries
(二)一般过去时
1.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom等表示频度的副词连用。还可
以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,
thedaybeforeyesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
(2019•江苏卷)AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithfellinlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.
2.有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般
过去时。常见的此类动词有know,think,expect,want等。
(全国卷I)Edward,youplaysowell.ButIdidn'tknowyouplayedthepiano.
【名师点津】
动词过去式的构成
work一worked
一般情况在动词后加-edplay—>played
want—wanted
hope—hoped
以不发音的-e结尾的动词后加-d
like—liked
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变ystudy—>studied
为i再加-edtry—>tried
stop-stopped
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾
prefer—►preferred
只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅
admit—>admitted
音字母再加-ed
permit—permitted
(三)一般将来时
1.“shall/wiH+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,
nextyear,ind—段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称,will通常用于各种人称。“will+动词原形”还
可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(1匕京卷)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessin
theend.
(北京卷)一Whattimeisit?
—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheckitforyou.
2.“begoingto+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
(陕西卷)Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.Look,darkclouds
aregathering.ltisgoingtorainsoon,Ithink.
3.“beto+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.
Ameetingistobeheldat3o'clockthisafternoon.
4.“beaboutto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用,可以和并
列连词when(=andatthis/thattime)引导的从句连用。
(全国卷II)Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.
考点二进行时态
(一)现在进行时
I.表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(江苏卷)Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.
2.表示位置转移的动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,runout等,可用
现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
(重庆卷)Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snone
left.
(二)过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语atthat
time,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno'clockyesterday等连用。
(1匕京卷)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedher
lastyear.
2.表示一个过去的动作正在进行时,另一个过去的动作发生了,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。
(北京卷)Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.
(三)将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如atthistime
tomorrow,bythen,from1:30to4:30tomorrow等。
(天津卷)Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.
【名师点津】
动词进行时的构成
work—working
一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
study—studying
write—writing
以不发音的・e结尾的动词,去e再加-ingtake—taking
face—>facing
“辅音+元音+辅音''结尾的重读闭音节cut—>cutting
词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写词begin—>beginning
尾辅音字母,再加-ingswim—>swimming
run—running
put—putting
plan一planning
sit一sitting
lie—lying
以-ie结尾的动词,变-ie为y再加・ing
die—dying
考点三完成时态
(一)现在完成时
1.表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有
already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast(past)fewdays/years,uptonow,tillnow,sofar等。
(2019•江苏卷)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.
2.表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since+时间点,for+时间段
等表示一段时间的状语连用。
一Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?
—Sorry,Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.
(陕西卷)Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.
3.在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前己完成的动作。
Willyoucometomyofficewhenyouhavefinishedyourwork?
【名师点津】
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时用于叙述过去的动作,与现在无关
所叙述的动作发生在过去某个或某段时间,该动作与现在有关系,
现在完成时
可能对现在产生影响,也可能一直持续下去
Mr.SmithhaslivedinBeijingfor5years.(现在还在北京住着)
Mr.SmithlivedinBeijingfor5years.(现在已不在北京)
(二)过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示
“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
(辽宁卷)BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.
2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有before,bythen,
bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+从句等。
(北京卷)IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.
3.表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过
去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计戈h
(2019"天津卷)IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.
【名师点津】
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time+thatsb.has/havedone;This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time+thatsb.haddone这是
某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/Thisis/wasthe+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+sincesb.did;Itwas/hadbeenH—段时间+sincesb.haddoneslh.自从某人做某事
以来多久了。
(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../nosooner...than...
-……就……。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
考点四完成进行时
考纲对完成进行时的要求为考生须掌握现在完成进行时。
1.表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语
有allthismorning,thismonth,thesefewdays,since和for引导的状语从句等。
(湖南卷)I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingallafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.
(北京卷)Tomhasbeenworkinginthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.
2.所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。
(口匕京卷)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessin
theend.
谓语动词要点二被动语态
考点一被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。“get+过去分词”也
可以表示被动语态,此结构比较口语化。
考点二被动语态的基本用法
被动语态的使用场合:
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者;
2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
(江苏卷)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminalswillhavebeeninstalledby2022fortheBeijingWinter
Olympics.
(北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.
【名师点津】
⑴有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;belongto
属于;takepartin参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:happen/takeplace/occur发生;remain剩下;breakout
爆发;last持续;comeout出版;comeup提出;loseheart失去信心;datefrom/backto追溯到;runout用完。
考点三主动表示被动意义
1.“系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成
系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.
2.当sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well,easily等)修饰,用来表示
主语的属性、特征或功能时用主动形式表示被动意义。
Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithink,itissuitableforusteenagers.
当堂训练
L高考真题诊断•单句语法填空
1.(2020全国II)ChineseNewYeariaacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe
beginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers(carry)specialsignificance
2.(2019全国HI)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we(invite)toattenda
privateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeeting
interestinglocals.
3.(2019•全国卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increases
inbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.
4.(2019♦全国卷HI)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand(recommend)wonderfulplacesto
eat,shop,andvisit.
5.(2019•全国卷II)Pickingupher"Li住timeAchievement"award,proudIrene(declare)
shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oIdbusiness.
n.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练•单句语法填空
6.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment(start)a
soil-testingprogrammethatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizeruse
droppedby7.7milliontons.
7.Silk(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100B.C.
8.Onthefirstdayofmygrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I(voice)mybiggest
concerntomymother,4tHowwillImakefriends?”
9.Inthelastfewyears,China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.
10.Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,
withallthesmokeandnoise.
11.Sarah(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.
12.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.
13.Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.
14.1wassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.
15.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthathe(be)afamousscientist
whosetheorieswouldchangetheworld.
Ill.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练•短文语法填空
MybestfriendKaiyaislikeme.She21.(remind)meofmyself.Inthepast,I22.(be)never
confidentbecauseofmyappearance.Peoplealwayslaughedatmyweight,myheight,myhairstyle,etc.Atthat
time,Iwastheshorteststudentinmyclass.Istartedgettingdepressed.However,SomeonetoldmesomethingthatI
willalwaysremember,
ItwasinMarch.Surroundedbyagroupofgirlswho23.(point)atmeandlaughedatme,Icouldn't
helpcrying.Thetearsrolleddownmyfacelikearushingriver.Tomysurprise,someoneliftedmyheadupand
wipedthetearsfrommyeyes.
IthenknewitwasourEnglishteacher,MissLi.Shesaid,“you24.(be)perfectthewayyouare.You
shouldneverchangeorhateyourself.People25.(accept)youforwhoyou26.(be).Butifyou
cannotacceptyourself,thenhowwillotherpeopleacceptyou."I27.(inspire)byherwords.
Overthepastfewmonths,I28.(learn)thatnooneisperfectandthatweallhaveflaws.NowIhave
wonderfulfriendswho29.(love)meforwhoIam.
Now,seeingKaiyacry,IdecidetotellherthesamethingMissLi30.(tell)me.
课后作业
1
Althoughyoucanpossiblygetbyasatouristinweeks,masteringalanguageisalong-termcommitment
takingyears,notmonths.TheFSIhasclassifiedlanguagesindegreesofdifficultyfbrEnglishspeakers.Chinese
takesapproximately88weeksor2,200hoursrankingtop5alongwithArabic,KoreanandJapanese.
EachChinesedialectiseffectivelyanotherlanguagebutMandarin(PutonghuainChinese,whichmeansthe
commonlanguage)isconsideredtheofficialtongueinmodernChina.Theyallshareroughlyoneevolvingwriting
system,referredtoaswrittenlanguageinventedforadministeringalarge,diverseempire.
Tocomplicate(使复杂)thematterfurther,therearetwomaintypesofwrittenChinesecharactersunderthe
samewritingsystem:thetraditionalChineseusedinHongKongandTaiwanandthesimplifiedChinesein
mainlandChina.Forexample,flyiswrittenas来intraditionalChineseand飞insimplifiedChinese.They're
basicallythesamecharacterwrittenintwodifferentwaysbutpronounceddifferentlywhenspokenindifferent
dialects.
EachwrittenwordwhenspokenismutuallyincomprehensiblebetweenaMandarinspeakerinBeijinganda
CantonesespeakerinHongKong.Ifyouthinkthafsodd,considerournumbersystem:thesymbol"9”is
universallyrecognizedbutit'spronounced“nine"inEnglishand“devet“inSlovenian.
Everywordmustbememorizedseparatelyasyoucan'tguessitspronunciationfromthescript-butonecould
saythesameofEnglishifyouconsiderplough,doughandtough.
Meanwhile,dictionarieslistwordsaccordingtostroke(笔画)counl.Thesegofromonetoover60strokes.The
archaiccharacterzhe-whichappropriately,means“verbose”-has64strokes.
Andthentherearethepronunciationchallenges.TherearefourtonesinMandarin:highpitch(sayGina
musicalscale),risingpitch(likefromCtoG),falling(fromGtoC)andfallinglowthenrising(CtoBtoG)-andif
youthinkthat'sdifficult,thereareninetonesinCantonese.InMandarin,thereisawholepoem,“TheLion-Eating
PoetintheStoneDen“withjustthesyllable"shi"repeated107timesinvarioustones.Inotherwords,ifyouare
tone-deafyoumightaswellgiveupnow.
1.WhatdoallChinesedialectshaveincommon?
A.Theywereinventedbytheemperor.
B.Theyhavethesamewritingsystem.
C.Theyevolveinthesameway.
D.Theyservethesamepurpose.
2.Whydoestheauthormentionthesymbol"9"inParagraph4?
A.ToprovedifferentpronunciationsofChinesedialects
B.Toindicatethesimilaritiesinalllanguages.
C.ToshowthatChineseisanoddlanguage.
D.TocompareEnglishwithSlovenian.
3.Whatchallengedoestheauthorthinkisdifficulttoovercome?
A.Complicatedscriptsandstrokes.
B.Differenttypesofcharacters.
C.Varioustones.
D.Toomanydialects.
4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Chinesehasdifferentdialects.
B.Chineseisverydifficulttolearn.
C.Chineseisanever-developinglanguage.
D.Chinesesoundslikemusicandpoems.
2
ResearchershaveconfirmedthatthereareseveraleffectivemethodsforcleaningtheN95maskswornby
healthprofessionalsothattheycanbeusedmorethanonce,theNationalInstitutesofHealthannouncedWednesday.
Aresearchalreadyshowedthatthemasks,designedforone-timeuse,canbereusedinacrisis.AndtheCenters
forDiseaseControlandPreventioninMarchauthorizedreusebecauseofshortagesdrivenbytheCovid-19
pandemic.
Noneoftheserulesormethodsareintendedfortheclothmasksrecommendedorinsomelocationsrequired
forusebyeveryoneinpublic.
Earlierresearchhadnot,ofcourse,involvedthenewcoronavirus.Thenewresearchdeterminedwhichcleaning
proceduresweremosteffective.
N.LH.publicizedthestudybecauseitcouldbehelpfultohealthcareprofessionalsinthecrisis.Dr.Munsterand
hiscolleaguestestedfourmethodsofkillingthevirus:UVlight,dryheat,vaporizedhydrogenperoxide(YHP)(汽化
过氧化氢)andelhyl(乙醇)alcohol.Ofthosemethods,由eydidnotrecommendethylalcoholbecausealthoughit
killedthevirus,itdegradedthemaskmaterial.
Vaporizedhydrogenperoxide,amethodoftenavailableinlargehospitals,waseffective,andleftthemasksstill
functioningforatleastthreeroundsofcleaning,asdidUVlight.
Dryheat,at70C,waseffective,butthemaskswithstoodonlytworoundsofcleaning.Dr.Munstersaid
that"vaporizedhydrogenperoxidewouldbethemethodofchoiceifthat'savailable."However,hesaid,anursing
homemightnothavethat,whilefordryheat,what'sneededisbasicallyanoven.
AnotherrecentstudyfromCanadianresearchersconfirmedthevalueofcleaning.ltincludedmasksofdifferent
brandsandfoundthatthematerialofthemaskwasstilleffectiveafter10roundsofvaporizedhydrogenperoxide
cleaning.
ThefindingsareintendedtobeusefulforhealthcareworkerswearingN95masks.Withpersonalprotective
equipmentinshortsupplyatmanyoverwhelmedhospitals,somefront-lineworkershavecomplainedthatmasks
wererationed.
ThepublichasbeenadvisednottouseortrytobuyN95masksbecausetheywouldbepreventinghealthcare
workersfromhavinglifesavingequipment.
5.OfthedifferentcleaningproceduresofN95masks,whichoneistheleasteffective?
A.UVlightB.dryheat
C.vaporizedhydrogenperoxide(VHP)D.ethylalcohol
6.Inadictionary,theunderlinedword”ration“hasthe.followingexplanations.Whichexplanationdoyouthinkagrees
withthecontext?
A.afixedallowanceofsomethingthatisscarce
B.theamountofsomethingonenormallyhas
C.toassigntosomeoneforaparticularpurpose.
D.torestrictthedistributionofsomething
7.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?
A.ThepublichasbeenadvisednottouseN95masks.
B.ThehealthcareworkersareingreatneedofN95masks.
C.N.LH.announcedN95maskscanbereusedifcleanedeffectively.
0.Personalprotectiveequipmentisinshortsupplyatmanyhospitals.
3
Ihearsomeactorskeepasadthoughtormemorytuckedawaytohelpthemwithsceneswheretheymight
needtocry.Ithinkweshouldeachtrytofindtheopposite;ahappymemory,somethingtoliftusuponthose
inevitabledowndays.TmsayingthisbecauseIthinkIjustfoundmine!
IhadsomeworkinGlasgowtoday.Iwasonareallytightschedule,whichmeantIwouldhavenotimefor
myself(ormyownwork)allday.Iwashavingoneofthosedays,thetrainwascompletelypackedoutandthe
conversationgoingonaroundmeseemedtobeparticularlyinane.Ontopofallthat,Ihadabitofaheadache.
Walkingbrisklyacrosstheconcourse,Ifishedsomechangefrommypocket.Therewasusuallysomeoneat
theexitsellingTheBigIssue(amagazinethathelpshomelessfolkearnaliving).
Asthecrowdpartedwaysatthebottomoftheconcourse,IsawsomeonesellingtheBigIssue.Youhadtobe
homelesstoselltheBigIssue.Shereallylookedlikeshe'dbeensleepingrough.Herclotheswereraggedandshe
obviouslyhadn'thadascrubupforquiteawhile.
AsIapproachedtheexit,Isawthatshewasalsorockingfromsidetoside.AtfirstIthoughtmaybeshewas
tryingtokeepwarmagainstthebitingwind.Butshewasn't,shewasmovingintimetoatune.1couldn'thearher,
butIcouldseeherlipsmoving.
AsIgotcloser,Isawawhitecanehangingfromherelbowandnoticedthatshehadsunkeneyes.Shewas
blind,dirtyandlivingonthestreets.IcamecloserandthroughthenoiseofthetrafficandthecommutersIheard
hersingtheimmortalline,u...andIthinktomyself,whatawonderfulworld!”
IboughtherlastmagazinefbrtwicewhatI'doriginallyintended.Shethankedme,thenshepickedupherstuff
andwenttappingoffalongthepavement-stillsinging!
So,Ihavemyhappymemoryfortheday.AndIthinkitwillstaywithmealong,longtime.Feelfreeto
borrowitifyoulike.
8.Whydosomeactorskeepasadthoughtormemoryaccordingtothepassage?
A.BecausesomeofthemalwaysfeelunhappyB.becausetheyarescoldedbythedirector
C.BecauseithelpsmeettheneedsoftheirrolesD.Becausetheycan'tfindahappymemory
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fished"inpara3referto?
A.MadeB.exchangedC.pullintoD.tookout
10.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothepassage?
A.Onlythosehomelesspeoplecansellthemagazine
B.Theauthorheardhersingingashecameclosetotheexit
C.Thegirlsellingthemagazineswasblind,dirtyandhomeless
D.Theauthorneverheardwhatthegirlwassinging
1Litcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
A.theauthorhadaheadachebecauseofhisbusywork
B.theauthorboughtmoremagazinesthanplannedto
C.thegirlwentawayassoonasshesoldoutmagazines
D.theauthorfeltunhappybecausehemissedhistrain
12.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.AhappyMemorytoLiftYouUp
B.AnUnforgettableDayIExperienced
C.TheRosesinHerHand:theFlavorinMine
D.ABirdintheHandisWorththanTwointheBush.
4
PersonalgrowthwouldbeagoodwaytosumupTarikBlack.Indeed,atthisverymoment,theman
himselfissportingaskicapwiththewords“BeMore”onit,whichhetakestoheart.
WhilemanyotherformerNBAplayerswouldbebusypaddingtheirownpockets,hehastakentheopposite
approach:creatingacharitytohelpunderprivilegedyouthintheU.S.TheTarikBlackFoundationaimstoinspire
kidsandpreparethemtobecomesuccessfuladults.TheorganizationisbasedinMemphis,whereTarikBlackgrew
upandplayedcollegebasketball.
Sure,theyofferabasketballsummercamp,buttheyalsotrainteenagershowtoputonatieandperformwell
atajobinterview."Wetakethemtoapartmentbuildingsandteachthemaboutwhatyoushouldlookforin
purchasinganapartment,nhetellsme/'Wetakethemouttonicedinnersandteachthemtablemanners.
TheyorganizedanartshowinLosAngeleswheretheteenagersgotdressedformallyandlearnedhowto
socializewithothers.InHouston,theypartneredwiththeNationalTennisAssociationforacharityevent.
“MymotherwoulddrivemearoundMemphisandshowmepeoplewhoaregrowingupincircumstancesthat
don*thaveopportunities.Shewouldalwaystellme,'Ifyouevergetachancetogivebacktothesepeople,thenyou
must,'1hesays,leaningbackintothechair.
ThefamilymovedtoIsraelinthesummerof2018,whenBlacksig
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