动词时态和语态-2021年新高考英语二轮复习语法及题型大全 （含答案）

动词的时态和语态

准确确定动词时态的“四个依据”

依据一时间状语

动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时

态的最直接的决定因素。

依据二参照动词

当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由

其参照动词来决定。

依据三句意或语境

当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的

时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。

依据四固定句式

英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时

态。

1.Itisthefirst/second/...timethatsb.has/havedone...

2.Itwasthefirst/second/…timethatsb.haddone...

3.Sb.was/weredoingsth.when...did...

4.Hardly/Scarcelyhadsb.donesth.when...did...

5.Sb.beabouttodosth.when...did...

6.Ifs（high）timethatsb.didsth./shoulddosth.

准确确定动词时态和语态的“八项注意”

1.注意上下文中时态应一致：若上文是一般过去时，则下文一般用一般过去时；若上文是一般现在时，则

下文一般用一般现在时。

2.注意看主语和谓语之间是主动还是被动关系，确定语态。

①被动语态的构成形式：

a.一般时：bedone;

b.进行时：bebeingdone;

c.完成时：has/have/hadbeendone（.

②“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构中be动词不可遗漏。

③及物动词（短语）之后若无宾语应用被动语态；不及物动词（短语）无被动语态。

3.注意解题时要首先找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系，如主语是动作的发出者，动词则

用主动语态；如主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。系动词和不及物

动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。

4.注意牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态

(1)①一般现在时：am/is/aredone；

②一般过去时：was/weredone；

③一般将来时：willbedone；

④过去将来时：wouldbedone；

⑤现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone；

⑥过去进行时：was/werebeingdone；

⑦现在完成时：has/havebeendone；

⑧过去完成时：hadbeendone。

(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+bedoneo

(3)牢记常考的不及物动词，如：happen>occur>belongto等。

5.注意熟用技巧1慧眼识别标识词

在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，考生可根据所给标识词或时间状语轻松得出答案。

①一般现在时：sometimes>everyweek/day/year/morning等。

②一般过去时：yesterday>lastweek/night/year/month>theotherday>in+过去的年份、时间段+ago、时

间段+later等。

③现在进行时：look、listen>now^atpresentsatthismoment/time等。

④过去进行时：atthattime/moment等。

⑤一般将来时：tomorrow>nextweek/year>in+时间段、inthefuture等。

⑥将来进行时：atsix/thistimetomorrow等。

⑦现在完成时：since+时间点、recently、latelyalreadysofar^eversince>untilnow>upto/until/bynow、

now、during/over/inthelast/past+时间段、in/overrecent+时间段等。

⑧过去完成时：bythen>untilthen、by/before/tilltheendof+过去时间点等。

6.注意熟用技巧2参考语境和并列谓语

⑴语境理解少不了：

题干中没给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生

的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。

⑵瞻前顾后找并列：

①可根据并列连词and、but、or>aswellas>ratherthan>both...and...、neither...nor...>either...or...A

notonly...butalso…等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；②同一个主语连接两个或两个以上

的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。

7.注意熟用技巧3主从句时态须呼应

①在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过

去时。

②在宾语从句中，如主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表客观事实或真理，用一般现在

时。

8.注意熟用技巧4固定句式要牢记，

①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。

②This/It/Thatis+the+序数词+time+(that)从句，从句用现在完成时。

③This/It/Thatwas+ihe+序数词+time+(that)从句，从句用过去完成时。

@Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesb./sth.did...

@Itis(high)timesb./sth.did...

@was/weredoingsth.whensb./sth.did

©nosooner/hardlyhadsb.donesth.than/whensb./sth.did

⑧bythetime+sb./sth.did,主语+haddone

谓语动词要点一各种时态的用法

考点一一般时态

（一）一般现在时

1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词（词组）always,everytime,now

andthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等连用。

（陕西卷）OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20

miles.

2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,

begin,come,close等动词。

Theshopclosesat11：00p.m.everyday.

3.如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

（江苏卷）Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhestarted.

【名师点津】

动词第三人称的构成

work—worksget—>gets

一般情况直接加-S

say—saysread一reads

结尾为-sh,-ch或-o,在词discuss—discusses

尾加-eswash—washesfix一fixes

teach—>teachesgo—>goes

结尾为“辅音字母+y”，变y为carry—>carriesstudy—studies

i再加-estry—>triesfly-^-fliescry—cries

（二）一般过去时

1.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom等表示频度的副词连用。还可

以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,

thedaybeforeyesterday等过去的时间状语连用。

（2019•江苏卷）AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithfellinlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.

2.有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般

过去时。常见的此类动词有know,think,expect,want等。

（全国卷I）Edward,youplaysowell.ButIdidn'tknowyouplayedthepiano.

【名师点津】

动词过去式的构成

work一worked

一般情况在动词后加-edplay—>played

want—wanted

hope—hoped

以不发音的-e结尾的动词后加-d

like—liked

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变ystudy—>studied

为i再加-edtry—>tried

stop-stopped

以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾

prefer—►preferred

只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅

admit—>admitted

音字母再加-ed

permit—permitted

（三）一般将来时

1.“shall/wiH+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,

nextyear,ind—段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will+动词原形”还

可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。

（1匕京卷）Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessin

theend.

（北京卷）一Whattimeisit?

—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheckitforyou.

2.“begoingto+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。

（陕西卷）Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.Look,darkclouds

aregathering.ltisgoingtorainsoon,Ithink.

3.“beto+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。

Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.

Ameetingistobeheldat3o'clockthisafternoon.

4.“beaboutto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可以和并

列连词when（=andatthis/thattime）引导的从句连用。

（全国卷II）Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.

考点二进行时态

（一）现在进行时

I.表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。

（江苏卷）Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

2.表示位置转移的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,runout等，可用

现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。

（重庆卷）Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snone

left.

（二）过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语atthat

time,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno'clockyesterday等连用。

（1匕京卷）Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedher

lastyear.

2.表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。

（北京卷）Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.

（三）将来进行时

表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如atthistime

tomorrow,bythen,from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。

（天津卷）Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.

【名师点津】

动词进行时的构成

work—working

一般情况在词尾直接加-ing

study—studying

write—writing

以不发音的・e结尾的动词,去e再加-ingtake—taking

face—>facing

“辅音+元音+辅音''结尾的重读闭音节cut—>cutting

词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词begin—>beginning

尾辅音字母，再加-ingswim—>swimming

run—running

put—putting

plan一planning

sit一sitting

lie—lying

以-ie结尾的动词，变-ie为y再加・ing

die—dying

考点三完成时态

（一）现在完成时

1.表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有

already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast（past）fewdays/years,uptonow,tillnow,sofar等。

（2019•江苏卷）Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

2.表示从过去某时开始而延续至今（可能还要延续下去）的动作或状态。常与since+时间点，for+时间段

等表示一段时间的状语连用。

一Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?

—Sorry,Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.

（陕西卷）Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.

3.在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前己完成的动作。

Willyoucometomyofficewhenyouhavefinishedyourwork?

【名师点津】

一般过去时和现在完成时的区别

一般过去时用于叙述过去的动作，与现在无关

所叙述的动作发生在过去某个或某段时间，该动作与现在有关系，

现在完成时

可能对现在产生影响，也可能一直持续下去

Mr.SmithhaslivedinBeijingfor5years.（现在还在北京住着）

Mr.SmithlivedinBeijingfor5years.（现在已不在北京）

（二）过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示

“过去的过去”的时间状语（从句）。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。

（辽宁卷）BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.

2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before,bythen,

bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+从句等。

（北京卷）IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.

3.表示“愿望，打算”的动词（如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend）用于过去完成时表示过

去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计戈h

（2019"天津卷）IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.

【名师点津】

常使用完成时的句型

（1）This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time+thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time+thatsb.haddone这是

某人第几次做某事。

（2）It/Thisis/wasthe+最高级+名词+（that）定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。

（3）Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeenH—段时间+sincesb.haddoneslh.自从某人做某事

以来多久了。

（4）hardly/scarcely...when.../nosooner...than...

-……就……。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

考点四完成进行时

考纲对完成进行时的要求为考生须掌握现在完成进行时。

1.表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语

有allthismorning,thismonth,thesefewdays,since和for引导的状语从句等。

（湖南卷）I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingallafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.

（北京卷）Tomhasbeenworkinginthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.

2.所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。

（口匕京卷）Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessin

theend.

谓语动词要点二被动语态

考点一被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。“get+过去分词”也

可以表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。

考点二被动语态的基本用法

被动语态的使用场合：

1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；

2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。

（江苏卷）Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminalswillhavebeeninstalledby2022fortheBeijingWinter

Olympics.

（北京卷）Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.

【名师点津】

⑴有些及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belongto

属于；takepartin参加。

(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/takeplace/occur发生；remain剩下；breakout

爆发；last持续；comeout出版；comeup提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。

考点三主动表示被动意义

1.“系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成

系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.

2.当sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well,easily等)修饰，用来表示

主语的属性、特征或功能时用主动形式表示被动意义。

Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithink,itissuitableforusteenagers.

当堂训练

L高考真题诊断•单句语法填空

1.(2020全国II)ChineseNewYeariaacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe

beginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers(carry)specialsignificance

2.(2019全国HI)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we(invite)toattenda

privateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeeting

interestinglocals.

3.(2019•全国卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increases

inbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.

4.(2019♦全国卷HI)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand(recommend)wonderfulplacesto

eat,shop,andvisit.

5.(2019•全国卷II)Pickingupher"Li住timeAchievement"award,proudIrene(declare)

shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oIdbusiness.

n.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练•单句语法填空

6.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment(start)a

soil-testingprogrammethatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizeruse

droppedby7.7milliontons.

7.Silk(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100B.C.

8.Onthefirstdayofmygrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I(voice)mybiggest

concerntomymother,4tHowwillImakefriends?”

9.Inthelastfewyears,China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.

10.Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,

withallthesmokeandnoise.

11.Sarah(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.

12.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.

13.Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

14.1wassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.

15.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthathe(be)afamousscientist

whosetheorieswouldchangetheworld.

Ill.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练•短文语法填空

MybestfriendKaiyaislikeme.She21.(remind)meofmyself.Inthepast,I22.(be)never

confidentbecauseofmyappearance.Peoplealwayslaughedatmyweight,myheight,myhairstyle,etc.Atthat

time,Iwastheshorteststudentinmyclass.Istartedgettingdepressed.However,SomeonetoldmesomethingthatI

willalwaysremember,

ItwasinMarch.Surroundedbyagroupofgirlswho23.(point)atmeandlaughedatme,Icouldn't

helpcrying.Thetearsrolleddownmyfacelikearushingriver.Tomysurprise,someoneliftedmyheadupand

wipedthetearsfrommyeyes.

IthenknewitwasourEnglishteacher,MissLi.Shesaid,“you24.(be)perfectthewayyouare.You

shouldneverchangeorhateyourself.People25.(accept)youforwhoyou26.(be).Butifyou

cannotacceptyourself,thenhowwillotherpeopleacceptyou."I27.(inspire)byherwords.

Overthepastfewmonths,I28.(learn)thatnooneisperfectandthatweallhaveflaws.NowIhave

wonderfulfriendswho29.(love)meforwhoIam.

Now,seeingKaiyacry,IdecidetotellherthesamethingMissLi30.(tell)me.

课后作业

1

Althoughyoucanpossiblygetbyasatouristinweeks,masteringalanguageisalong-termcommitment

takingyears,notmonths.TheFSIhasclassifiedlanguagesindegreesofdifficultyfbrEnglishspeakers.Chinese

takesapproximately88weeksor2,200hoursrankingtop5alongwithArabic,KoreanandJapanese.

EachChinesedialectiseffectivelyanotherlanguagebutMandarin(PutonghuainChinese,whichmeansthe

commonlanguage)isconsideredtheofficialtongueinmodernChina.Theyallshareroughlyoneevolvingwriting

system,referredtoaswrittenlanguageinventedforadministeringalarge,diverseempire.

Tocomplicate(使复杂)thematterfurther,therearetwomaintypesofwrittenChinesecharactersunderthe

samewritingsystem:thetraditionalChineseusedinHongKongandTaiwanandthesimplifiedChinesein

mainlandChina.Forexample,flyiswrittenas来intraditionalChineseand飞insimplifiedChinese.They're

basicallythesamecharacterwrittenintwodifferentwaysbutpronounceddifferentlywhenspokenindifferent

dialects.

EachwrittenwordwhenspokenismutuallyincomprehensiblebetweenaMandarinspeakerinBeijinganda

CantonesespeakerinHongKong.Ifyouthinkthafsodd,considerournumbersystem:thesymbol"9”is

universallyrecognizedbutit'spronounced“nine"inEnglishand“devet“inSlovenian.

Everywordmustbememorizedseparatelyasyoucan'tguessitspronunciationfromthescript-butonecould

saythesameofEnglishifyouconsiderplough,doughandtough.

Meanwhile,dictionarieslistwordsaccordingtostroke(笔画)counl.Thesegofromonetoover60strokes.The

archaiccharacterzhe-whichappropriately,means“verbose”-has64strokes.

Andthentherearethepronunciationchallenges.TherearefourtonesinMandarin:highpitch(sayGina

musicalscale),risingpitch(likefromCtoG),falling(fromGtoC)andfallinglowthenrising(CtoBtoG)-andif

youthinkthat'sdifficult,thereareninetonesinCantonese.InMandarin,thereisawholepoem,“TheLion-Eating

PoetintheStoneDen“withjustthesyllable"shi"repeated107timesinvarioustones.Inotherwords,ifyouare

tone-deafyoumightaswellgiveupnow.

1.WhatdoallChinesedialectshaveincommon?

A.Theywereinventedbytheemperor.

B.Theyhavethesamewritingsystem.

C.Theyevolveinthesameway.

D.Theyservethesamepurpose.

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthesymbol"9"inParagraph4?

A.ToprovedifferentpronunciationsofChinesedialects

B.Toindicatethesimilaritiesinalllanguages.

C.ToshowthatChineseisanoddlanguage.

D.TocompareEnglishwithSlovenian.

3.Whatchallengedoestheauthorthinkisdifficulttoovercome?

A.Complicatedscriptsandstrokes.

B.Differenttypesofcharacters.

C.Varioustones.

D.Toomanydialects.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Chinesehasdifferentdialects.

B.Chineseisverydifficulttolearn.

C.Chineseisanever-developinglanguage.

D.Chinesesoundslikemusicandpoems.

2

ResearchershaveconfirmedthatthereareseveraleffectivemethodsforcleaningtheN95maskswornby

healthprofessionalsothattheycanbeusedmorethanonce,theNationalInstitutesofHealthannouncedWednesday.

Aresearchalreadyshowedthatthemasks,designedforone-timeuse,canbereusedinacrisis.AndtheCenters

forDiseaseControlandPreventioninMarchauthorizedreusebecauseofshortagesdrivenbytheCovid-19

pandemic.

Noneoftheserulesormethodsareintendedfortheclothmasksrecommendedorinsomelocationsrequired

forusebyeveryoneinpublic.

Earlierresearchhadnot,ofcourse,involvedthenewcoronavirus.Thenewresearchdeterminedwhichcleaning

proceduresweremosteffective.

N.LH.publicizedthestudybecauseitcouldbehelpfultohealthcareprofessionalsinthecrisis.Dr.Munsterand

hiscolleaguestestedfourmethodsofkillingthevirus:UVlight,dryheat,vaporizedhydrogenperoxide（YHP）（汽化

过氧化氢）andelhyl（乙醇）alcohol.Ofthosemethods,由eydidnotrecommendethylalcoholbecausealthoughit

killedthevirus,itdegradedthemaskmaterial.

Vaporizedhydrogenperoxide,amethodoftenavailableinlargehospitals,waseffective,andleftthemasksstill

functioningforatleastthreeroundsofcleaning,asdidUVlight.

Dryheat,at70C,waseffective,butthemaskswithstoodonlytworoundsofcleaning.Dr.Munstersaid

that"vaporizedhydrogenperoxidewouldbethemethodofchoiceifthat'savailable."However,hesaid,anursing

homemightnothavethat,whilefordryheat,what'sneededisbasicallyanoven.

AnotherrecentstudyfromCanadianresearchersconfirmedthevalueofcleaning.ltincludedmasksofdifferent

brandsandfoundthatthematerialofthemaskwasstilleffectiveafter10roundsofvaporizedhydrogenperoxide

cleaning.

ThefindingsareintendedtobeusefulforhealthcareworkerswearingN95masks.Withpersonalprotective

equipmentinshortsupplyatmanyoverwhelmedhospitals,somefront-lineworkershavecomplainedthatmasks

wererationed.

ThepublichasbeenadvisednottouseortrytobuyN95masksbecausetheywouldbepreventinghealthcare

workersfromhavinglifesavingequipment.

5.OfthedifferentcleaningproceduresofN95masks,whichoneistheleasteffective?

A.UVlightB.dryheat

C.vaporizedhydrogenperoxide(VHP)D.ethylalcohol

6.Inadictionary,theunderlinedword”ration“hasthe.followingexplanations.Whichexplanationdoyouthinkagrees

withthecontext?

A.afixedallowanceofsomethingthatisscarce

B.theamountofsomethingonenormallyhas

C.toassigntosomeoneforaparticularpurpose.

D.torestrictthedistributionofsomething

7.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThepublichasbeenadvisednottouseN95masks.

B.ThehealthcareworkersareingreatneedofN95masks.

C.N.LH.announcedN95maskscanbereusedifcleanedeffectively.

0.Personalprotectiveequipmentisinshortsupplyatmanyhospitals.

3

Ihearsomeactorskeepasadthoughtormemorytuckedawaytohelpthemwithsceneswheretheymight

needtocry.Ithinkweshouldeachtrytofindtheopposite;ahappymemory,somethingtoliftusuponthose

inevitabledowndays.TmsayingthisbecauseIthinkIjustfoundmine!

IhadsomeworkinGlasgowtoday.Iwasonareallytightschedule,whichmeantIwouldhavenotimefor

myself(ormyownwork)allday.Iwashavingoneofthosedays,thetrainwascompletelypackedoutandthe

conversationgoingonaroundmeseemedtobeparticularlyinane.Ontopofallthat,Ihadabitofaheadache.

Walkingbrisklyacrosstheconcourse,Ifishedsomechangefrommypocket.Therewasusuallysomeoneat

theexitsellingTheBigIssue(amagazinethathelpshomelessfolkearnaliving).

Asthecrowdpartedwaysatthebottomoftheconcourse,IsawsomeonesellingtheBigIssue.Youhadtobe

homelesstoselltheBigIssue.Shereallylookedlikeshe'dbeensleepingrough.Herclotheswereraggedandshe

obviouslyhadn'thadascrubupforquiteawhile.

AsIapproachedtheexit,Isawthatshewasalsorockingfromsidetoside.AtfirstIthoughtmaybeshewas

tryingtokeepwarmagainstthebitingwind.Butshewasn't,shewasmovingintimetoatune.1couldn'thearher,

butIcouldseeherlipsmoving.

AsIgotcloser,Isawawhitecanehangingfromherelbowandnoticedthatshehadsunkeneyes.Shewas

blind,dirtyandlivingonthestreets.IcamecloserandthroughthenoiseofthetrafficandthecommutersIheard

hersingtheimmortalline,u...andIthinktomyself,whatawonderfulworld!”

IboughtherlastmagazinefbrtwicewhatI'doriginallyintended.Shethankedme,thenshepickedupherstuff

andwenttappingoffalongthepavement-stillsinging!

So,Ihavemyhappymemoryfortheday.AndIthinkitwillstaywithmealong,longtime.Feelfreeto

borrowitifyoulike.

8.Whydosomeactorskeepasadthoughtormemoryaccordingtothepassage?

A.BecausesomeofthemalwaysfeelunhappyB.becausetheyarescoldedbythedirector

C.BecauseithelpsmeettheneedsoftheirrolesD.Becausetheycan'tfindahappymemory

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fished"inpara3referto?

A.MadeB.exchangedC.pullintoD.tookout

10.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothepassage?

A.Onlythosehomelesspeoplecansellthemagazine

B.Theauthorheardhersingingashecameclosetotheexit

C.Thegirlsellingthemagazineswasblind,dirtyandhomeless

D.Theauthorneverheardwhatthegirlwassinging

1Litcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.theauthorhadaheadachebecauseofhisbusywork

B.theauthorboughtmoremagazinesthanplannedto

C.thegirlwentawayassoonasshesoldoutmagazines

D.theauthorfeltunhappybecausehemissedhistrain

12.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AhappyMemorytoLiftYouUp

B.AnUnforgettableDayIExperienced

C.TheRosesinHerHand:theFlavorinMine

D.ABirdintheHandisWorththanTwointheBush.

4

PersonalgrowthwouldbeagoodwaytosumupTarikBlack.Indeed,atthisverymoment,theman

himselfissportingaskicapwiththewords“BeMore”onit,whichhetakestoheart.

WhilemanyotherformerNBAplayerswouldbebusypaddingtheirownpockets,hehastakentheopposite

approach:creatingacharitytohelpunderprivilegedyouthintheU.S.TheTarikBlackFoundationaimstoinspire

kidsandpreparethemtobecomesuccessfuladults.TheorganizationisbasedinMemphis,whereTarikBlackgrew

upandplayedcollegebasketball.

Sure,theyofferabasketballsummercamp,buttheyalsotrainteenagershowtoputonatieandperformwell

atajobinterview."Wetakethemtoapartmentbuildingsandteachthemaboutwhatyoushouldlookforin

purchasinganapartment,nhetellsme/'Wetakethemouttonicedinnersandteachthemtablemanners.

TheyorganizedanartshowinLosAngeleswheretheteenagersgotdressedformallyandlearnedhowto

socializewithothers.InHouston,theypartneredwiththeNationalTennisAssociationforacharityevent.

“MymotherwoulddrivemearoundMemphisandshowmepeoplewhoaregrowingupincircumstancesthat

don*thaveopportunities.Shewouldalwaystellme,'Ifyouevergetachancetogivebacktothesepeople,thenyou

must,'1hesays,leaningbackintothechair.

ThefamilymovedtoIsraelinthesummerof2018,whenBlacksig