高考英语一轮复习第八辑 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions试题

Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解ALookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewerebroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalarithmetic.BeforeWorldWarⅠwespentoursummerholidaysinHungary.Ihaveonlythedimmemoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal(清澈的)clearmemoryofdogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsandaboveall,theinsects.Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilreadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconscious(意识清醒的)mind.Suddenlyyoufancyyouseetheanswertotheriddle,becauseitallseemstofittogether.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandseveralbooks,inwhichsomemightbehonoredwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist.Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistcanbemadeanaturalist.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆自己的童年经历认为博物学家是天生的，不是后天造就的。作者在文章最后总结，仅拥有一颗好奇心、一双敏锐的眼睛以及对世间动植物的热爱并不能成就一位科学家，因为一个科学家最突出、最基本的特点是应具备自我约束能力。1．Thefirstparagraphtellsusthattheauthor________.A．losthishearingwhenhewasachildB．didn'tlikehisbrothersandsistersC．wasinterestedinflowersandinsectsinhischildhoodD．wasborntoanaturalist'sfamily答案：C推理判断题。第一段第一句中的“...convincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade”表明作者认为博物学家是天生的，不是后天造就的。由关键信息“mybrothersandsisterssoonabandoned...flowersandinsects”可知，他的姐妹兄弟对于花、虫等不感兴趣，但作者不像他们(Unlikethem)，由此推知作者在童年时对花草是感兴趣的。故选C项。2．Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe________.A．fullofambition B．self－disciplinedC．fullofenthusiasm D．knowledgeable答案：C推理判断题。从第三段第一、二句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可知，作者认为一个博物学家首先应具备的是对自然界的热爱之情，故选C项。3．Theauthorsaysthatheisanaturalistratherthanascientistprobablybecausehethinkshe________.A．justreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveriesB．lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofscientistsC．hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmeticD．comesupwithsolutionsinmostnaturalways答案：B细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句，并结合第二句“Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.”可知，作者认为自己不是科学家，因为一个科学家的基本素质就是有自律能力，但作者恰恰缺乏这一点。故选B项。4．Theauthorcouldn'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause________.A．hedidn'tliveverylongwiththemB．hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththemC．thefamilywasextremelylargeD．hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature答案：D推理判断题。第二段作者回忆了在农场度过的日子，对于那里的狗、鸟等动物作者至今仍历历在目，但对那里的亲戚、房子、玩具已记不清了，可见他从小就专注于观察自然界中的一切，其他事情他几乎很少关注。故选D项。BEarlyonemorning,morethanahundredyearsago,anAmericaninventorcalledEliasHowefinallyfellasleep.Hehadbeenworkingallnightonthedesignofasewingmachinebuthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedlewithoutanyproblems.Thoughhewastired,Howesleptbadly.Heturnedandturned.Thenhehadadream.Hedreamtthathehadbeencaughtbyterriblesavageswhosekingwantedtokillhimandeathimunlesshecouldbuildaperfectsewingmachine.Whenhetriedtodoso,Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.ThekingflewintoarageandorderedhissoldierstokillHowe.Theycameuptowardshimwiththeirspearsraised.Butsuddenlytheinventornoticedsomething.Therewasaholeinthetipofeachspear.Theinventorawokefromthedream,realizingthathehadjustfoundtheanswertotheproblem.Insteadoftryingtogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle,heshouldmakeitrunthroughasmallholeinthecenteroftheneedle.ThiswasthesimpleideathatfinallymadeHowedesignandbuildthefirstreallypractisedsewingmachine.EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.SodidthegreatphysicistAlbertEinstein.CharlotteBrontealsodrewinherdreamsinwritingJaneEyre.Toknowthevalueofdreams,youhavetounderstandwhathappenswhenyouareasleep.Eventhen,apartofyourmindisstillworking.Thisunconscious(无意识的),butstillactivepartunderstandsyourexperiencesandgoestoworkontheproblemsyouhavehadduringtheday.Itstoresallsortsofinformationthatyoumayhaveforgottenorneverhavereallynoticed.Itisonlywhenyoufallasleepthatthispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.Thisiswhydreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestous”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一直困扰着发明家伊莱亚斯·豪的一个关于缝纫机的问题在梦中找到了答案。许多科学家像爱迪生、爱因斯坦等都有过在梦中找到问题答案的经历，文章以缝纫机的诞生为例说明了梦的价值。5．TheproblemHowewastryingtosolvewas________.A．whatkindofthreadtouseB．howtodesignaneedlewhichwouldnotbreakC．wheretoputtheneedleD．howtostopthethreadfromgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“buthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle”及第二段中的“Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.”可知，豪面临的问题是如何避免线缠绕到针上，所以答案是D。6．ThomasEdisonisspokenofbecause________.A．healsotriedtoinventasewingmachineB．hegotsomeofhisideasfromdreamsC．hewasoneofHowe'sbestfriendsD．healsohaddifficultyinfallingasleep答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.”可知，豪并不是唯一一个通过此方法找到答案的人，爱迪生也是在梦中得到问题的答案的，所以答案是B。7．Dreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestous”because________.A．strangeimagesareusedtocommunicateideasB．imageswhichhavenomeaningareusedC．wecanneverunderstandtherealmeaningD．onlyspeciallytrainedpeoplecanunderstandthem答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“thispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.”可知，大脑的一部分在无意识下工作，发信息到其他部分，这部分大脑使用的是一种奇怪的图像，所以答案是A。Ⅱ.七选五Youhavesomegreatideas.Buttheydon'tcomeoutbecauseofwhatyourfriendssayorbecauseyouthinkthatonlyafewpeoplecanbecreativegeniuses(天才).And,you,ofcourse,thinkthatyoucouldn'tbeoneofthem.__1__Anyonewhoisacreativegeniuswilltellyouthatcreativityisverymuchlikeamusclethatneedstobedeveloped.__2__Ontheotherhand,keepworkingatit,andthisskillwillsoonbereadyforactionwheneveryouneedit.Sohowdoyoudevelopyourownpersonalstyleofcreativethinking?Youshouldrealizethatyourbrainhasagreatercapacity(容量)andahigherspeedthantheworld'sbiggestandfastestcomputer.__3__Read,watchandlistentoeverythingaroundyou—goodandbad.Themoreyouknow,themoreyou'llwanttoknow,andthemoreyourbrainwillbeexercised.Trysomethingneweveryday.__4__Youneedtostepoutofyourcomfortzone(舒适地带)moreandmoreeachday.Followthesesuggestions,andbeginthinkingbeyondyour“limits”fromtoday.__5__Whoknows,yourideamightbethenextgreatideatochangetheworld.A．Butactually,thisisnottrueatall.B．Yourconstructiveideasshouldbeacceptedbyothers.C．Soit'simportanttogetasmuchinformationasyoucaneveryday.D．You'llsoonhavealifefullofinterestingandexcitingadventures.E．Agoodsocialenvironmentcaninfluenceyourcreativethinkingpositively.F．Letyourexperiencesshowyoumoreabouttheworldandpeoplearoundyou.G．Ifyoudon'tlearnhowtodevelopcreativethinking,thisskill,justlikeamuscle,willbecomepooranduseless.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何培养创造性思维给出了有效的建议。1．A空格前面提到人们因为朋友说的话或者他们自己觉得只有少数人才能成为具有创造力的天才而使自己的想法没有为大家所知。下文主要阐述了一些可以提高创造性思维的方法，因此，空处应该选一个承上启下的句子，故A项“但是实际上，这种想法一点儿都不对”符合语境。2．G设空处前一句将创造力比喻成需要被锻炼的肌肉，G项中的“likeamuscle”与前文相呼应和承接，另结合句意，可确定G项符合语境。3．C设空后内容表述你知道的越多，你想知道的就会越多，你的大脑就越会得到锻炼。故C项“因此，每天得到尽可能多的信息是很重要的”符合语境。4．F设空处前一句提到每天要尝试新事物，而F项“让你的经历向你展示有关你周围的世界和人的更多(信息)”正是这样做的结果。5．D由空前的“beginthinkingbeyondyour‘limits’fromtoday”和后文的“yourideamightbethenextgreatideatochangetheworld”可知，D项“你将很快拥有一个充满有趣的和令人兴奋的冒险经历的生活”符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空Theadobedwellings(土坯房)__1__(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven__2__mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__3__(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout__4__(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__5__(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__6__(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;__7__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__8__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__9__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__10__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，重点介绍了美国Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。1．built考查非谓语动词。本句主语是Theadobedwellings，谓语是areadmired，因此设空处需要填所给动词的非谓语形式，即用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。2．the考查冠词的用法。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。3．ability考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语，且前有their修饰，故填名词ability。4．using考查非谓语动词。介词without之后接动名词作宾语。5．slowly考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词。6．tocool考查非谓语动词。这是adj./adv.＋enoughtodo句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短语作结果状语。7．at考查介词。atthesametime“与此同时”，是固定搭配。8．goes考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合“dayafterday”及语境可知，这里应用一般现在时表示现状。主语为Thiscycle，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。9．natural考查词性转换。修饰名词应用形容词。10．how考查疑问副词。根据“figuredout(弄清楚，计算出),thick(厚)”可知，应填表示(数量、程度、大小等)多少的疑问副词how，引导宾语从句，在本句中表示“墙壁有多厚”。Ⅳ.书面表达学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“MyMagic_____