【英语】河南省开封市开封五县联考2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考试题(解析版)

河南省开封市开封五县联考2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ATopSummerMathProgramsforHighSchoolStudentsCanada/USAMathcampThissummerprogramoffersgiftedhighschoolstudentsthechanceto“liveandbreathe”mathematics.Throughouttheprogram,studentsexploreundergraduate-andgraduate-levelmathematicaltopics.Theydesigntheirowncurriculumbychoosingtheirownclassesandlearnfromprofessionalmathematiciansintheprocess.Mathcampersalsogettheopportunitytogohiking,whitewaterrafting(漂流),rockclimbingandmuchmore.Cost:$4,500(Financialaidisavailable,andtheprogramisfreeforfamilieswithhouseholdincomesunder$65,000)Location:OhioStateUniversityRossMathematicsProgramTheprogramfocusesononecentralmathematicalconcept—numbertheory.Participantsspendtheentiresummersolvingproblemsetsrelatedtointegers(整数)andtheirproperties.Thisprocessprovidesagreatfoundationforstudentsinterestedinconductingmathematicalresearchinthefuture.Cost:$6,000(Financialaidisavailable)Location:twocampuses(Columbus,Ohio8.TerreHaute,Indiana)PrograminMathematicsforYoungScientists(PROMYS)Foroverthreedecades,PROMYShasbeenaplaceofmathematicalexplorationfortalentedhighschoolstudents.Studentsinthisprogramattendseminarsonadvancedmathematicaltopics.Theyalsogetthechancetoparticipateinresearchprojectsundertheguidanceofprofessionalmathematicians.Cost:$5,500(Financialaidisavailable,andtheprogramisfreeforUSfamilieswithhouseholdincomesunder$60,000)Location:BostonUniversityStanfordUniversityMathCamp(SUMaC)Studentsinthisprogramchoosebetweentwocourses—algebraictopology(代数拓扑学)andabstractalgebra&.numbertheory.Bothtopicsaremajorareasofmodernmathematicalresearch.Inbothcourses,studentsengageindailyproblemsets,workwithStanfordgraduatestudentsandattendlecturesfrommathematicians.Cost:$3,250(Financialaidisavailable)Location:online1.Whichprogramallowstheparticipantstogoonfieldtrips?A.SUMaC. B.PROMYS.C.RossMathematicsProgram. D.Canada/USAMathcamp.2.WhatcantheparticipantsofPROMYSdo?A.Conductlabresearchindependently. B.Getprofessionalguidanceonresearch.C.Attendonlineseminarsonmathbasics. D.InteractwithStanfordgraduatestudents.3.Howdoesthelastprogramdifferfromtheotherthree?A.Studentsfocusononeconcept. B.Itisintendedforgiftedstudents.C.StudentsattenditontheInternet. D.Itistotallyfreeforpoorstudents.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个暑期数学项目的相关信息。【答案】1.D2.B3.C1．【解析】细节理解题。根据Canada/USAMathcamp部分“Mathcampersalsogettheopportunitytogohiking,whitewaterrafting(漂流),rockclimbingandmuchmore.”（数学营员也有机会去远足，激流漂流，攀岩等等。）可知，Canada/USAMathcamp这个项目给参与的学生提供了户外活动的机会。故选D。2．【解析】细节理解题。根据PrograminMathematicsforYoungScientists(PROMYS)中“Theyalsogetthechancetoparticipateinresearchprojectsundertheguidanceofprofessionalmathematicians.”（他们也有机会在专业数学家的指导下参与研究项目。）可知，参与PROMYS这个项目的学生可以得到关于研究方面的专业指导。故选B。3．【解析】细节理解题。根据四个项目的地点信息，尤其是StanfordUniversityMathCamp(SUMaC)中“Location:online”（地点：线上）可知，SUMaC与其他三个项目的不同之处是它的课程及活动都是在网上进行的。故选C。BGrowingupinCanterbury,Scartozzirecallsswimminginriversaspartofherchildhood.Whenshereturnedmanyyearslater,however,shenoticedthingshadchanged.“SomeoftheplaceswhereIcouldswimbeforenowhavesignssaying‘pollutedwater,donotswim’,”shesays.“Iwantedtotakemykidstoplacestoswimbutwecouldn’tbecausethesesignswereup.”Althoughtheexperiencewassadandsurprising,ithasalsoservedasfuelforScartozzi,who’snowfocusingonrestoringthehealthofwaterways.HercompanycalledeCleanEnvirotechisdevelopingtechnologytoremovepollutantsfromwaterwayssuchasrivers,pondsandstreams.Itinvolvesfeedingpollutedwaterintoasystemhousingmicrobes(微生物)thateatorbreakupthepollutants.The“engineered”natureofthetechnology,Scartozziexplains,meansit’sadaptablefordifferentenvironmentconditions.Eachsystemcanbepersonalizedwithitsownunique“soup”ofmicrobestoremovethepollutantsinanywaterwaywhereitisinstalled(安装).Otheradvantagesofthetechnology,shesays,arethatitcanprocesswaterrelativelyquicklyandthatitcanbeusedtotreatwaterwaysinavarietyofsizesandlocations.Shesaysshehopestocreatecleanerwaterforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.“Mypassionisaroundrestoringthehealthofthesewaterways.AndmypurposeistodoanythingthatIcantoreturnthemtotheirformercondition.That’swhatdrivesmeeveryday.IfIcandoanything,itissothatinthefuture,mykidsandgrandchildrenhavesomewherewheretheycangoswimmingandfishing.”4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Scartozziandherkidswerefondofswimming.B.TheexperienceinspiredScartozzitocleanupwaterways.C.Waterwaysintheworldwereunsuitableforswimming.D.Thecompanyfocusesonthedevelopmentofthetechnology.5.Whatisoneadvantageofthetechnology?A.Itisconvenientandeconomic. B.Itcanbeusedinlimitedwaterways.C.Itfunctionsslowlybuteffectively. D.Itssystemisflexibleandefficient.6.WhatisthegoalofScartozzi?A.Tointroducehercompany. B.Toswimandfishintheriver.C.Toregainhealthywaterways. D.Toeducatefuturegenerations.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeScartozzi?A.Energetic B.Curious. C.Outgoing. D.Responsible.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了童年经常游泳的Scartozzi，因河水受到污染而不能带孩子在河里游泳，这段经历激发她带动自己的公司研发高科技，把清理河道的污染物、净化水域作为自己的使命。【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D4．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Althoughtheexperiencewassadandsurprising,ithasalsoservedasfuelforScartozzi,who’snowfocusingonrestoringthehealthofwaterways.(尽管这段经历令人悲伤和惊讶，但它也为Scartozzi提供了动力，他现在正专注于恢复水道的健康。)”可知，尽管这段经历令人悲伤和惊讶，但是它为Scartozzi提供了动力，她现在的任务是恢复水道的健康。故选B项。5．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The“engineered”natureofthetechnology,Scartozziexplains,meansit’sadaptablefordifferentenvironmentconditions.(Scartozzi解释说，这项技术的“工程化”性质意味着它可以适应不同的环境条件。)”可知，这项技术的系统灵活高效。故选D项。6．【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Mypassionisaroundrestoringthehealthofthesewaterway(我的热情是恢复这些水道的健康。)”可知，Scartozzi的目标是恢复这些水道的健康。故选C项。7．【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“IfIcandoanything,itisinthefuture,mykidsandgrandchildrenhavesomewherewheretheycangoswimmingandfishing(如果我能做什么的话，那就是将来，我的孩子和孙子孙女们有地方可以去游泳和钓鱼。)”可知，Scartozzi是为了让孩子们将来有地方去游泳和钓鱼，是出于造福社会的目的，是有社会责任感的表现。故选D项。CHeartdiseaseisoneofthemajorkillersintheworldtoday.Manywhosufferfromitmusthavehearttransplants(心脏移植).However,it’sdifficulttogetasuitableheartdonation,andeyenifapatientsurvivesthewait,hisorherbodyoftenrejectstheheart.Butthereisnownewhopeforsufferersofheartdisease.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalAdvancedScience,researchersfromIsrael’sTelAvivUniversityprinteda3DhumanheartonApril15.“Thisisthefirsttimeanyoneanywherehassuccessfullyengineeredandprintedanentireheart,”professorTalDvirtoldCNN.Unliketheformer3D-printedheartstructure,thenewheartiscompletewithcells,bloodvessels,chambers(心室)andotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D-printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething,theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb.And,althoughitcancontractlikeamuscle,itcannotpumpoutbloodlikearealone.Atpresent,theheartprototype(样品)islikeatinyairplanethathasalloftherightparts,butcan’tfly.However,thedevelopmentisstillregardedasamajorbreakthroughinmedicine.Intheexperiment,theresearchersturnedhumanfattissueintohumanhearttissuewithstemcelltechnology.Thetissuewasthenturnedinto“bio-ink”fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally,ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant,therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.“Patientswillnolongerhavetowaitfortransplantsortakemedicationstopreventtheirrejection,”researcherstoldUSAToday.“Instead,theneededheartwillbeprinted,fullypersonalizedforeverypatient.”Butthescientiststhinkthat3Dprintingcanbeusedtocreateotherhumanorgans.Theyforeseeatimewhenthe3Dprintingoforganswillbeaneverydaymedicalpractice.“Maybe,in10years,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely,”Dvirsaid.8.Whyisthe3D-printedheartimportant?A.Itwillbeusedonapatient. B.Itwillreplaceaheartdonation.C.Itisthefirst3D-printedheart. D.Ithasacompleteheartstructure.9.Whatproblemdo3D-printedheartshave?A.Theyaretoosmall. B.Theyaretooexpensive.C.Theycan’tcontract. D.Theyarehardtoproduce.10.Whywouldtherebelessriskoforganrejectionwiththe3D-printedheart?A.Itwouldcomefromapatient’sbody.B.Itwouldbemadefromhumanfattissue.C.Itwouldbemadewithstemcelltechnology.D.Itwouldbeprintedaccordingtothepatient’scondition.11.WhatattitudedoesTalDvirholdtowardthefutureof3Dprintingoforgans?A.Doubtful. B.Confident. C.Worried. D.Puzzled.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印心脏的发展、优点以及仍然存在的问题。【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.B8．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butthereisnownewhopeforsufferersofheartdisease.(但是现在心脏病患者有了新的希望。)”以及第四段中“Unliketheformer3D-printedheartstructure,thenewheartiscompletewithcells,bloodvessels,chambers(心室)andotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.(与以前的3D打印心脏的结构不同，新心脏拥有完整的细胞、血管、腔室和心脏正常运作所需的其他结构。)”可知，这个新的3D打印心脏有完整的心脏结构，所以很重要。故选D项。9．【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D-printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething,theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb.(但在3D打印心脏植入人体之前，科学家们还有很多问题要解决。首先，实验心脏只有拇指大小。)”可知，3D打印心脏存在的问题是它们太小。故选A项。10．【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中“ Thetissuewasthenturnedinto“bio-ink”fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally,ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant,therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.(然后将组织转化为3D打印机的‘生物墨水’，以确保心脏中的组织来自患者自己。所以理想情况下，如果把它放在需要移植的人体内，器官排斥的风险就会降低。)”可知，3D打印的心脏来自患者的身体所以排斥的风险会更小。故选A项。11．【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中TalDvir所说“Maybe,in10years,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely.(也许在10年内，世界上最好的医院里都会有器官打印机，这些手术将成为常规手术。)”可知，TalDvir对3D打印器官的未来是有信心的。故选B项。DWhatistheplaceofartinacultureofinattention?RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.Muchofthattime,forsomeofthem,isspenttakingphotographsnotevenofthepaintingbutofthemselveswiththepaintinginthebackground.Oneviewisthatwehavemadetourismandgallery-goingsoeasythatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.Inthissociety,experiencebecomesgoodslikeanyother.TherearequeuestoclimbEverestaswellastoseefamouspaintings.Thus,leisureisconsideredashardlabourratherthanrelaxation.Intherapidlydevelopingsociety,whatgetslostisthequalityoflooking.Consideranextremeexample,thelatephilosopherRichardWollheim.WhenhevisitedtheLouvrehecouldspendasmuchasfourhourssittingbeforeapainting.Thefirsthour,heclaimed,wasnecessaryforincorrectimpressiontoberemoved.Itwasonlythenthatthepicturewouldbegintodiscloseitself.Thisseemsunthinkabletoday,butitisstillpossibletoorganise.Eveninthebusiestmuseumstherearemanyroomsandmanypicturesworthhoursofcontemplation(沉思)whichthecrowdslargelyignore.MarcelProust,anotherloveroftheLouvre,wrote:“Itisonlythroughartthatwecanescapefromourselvesandknowhowanotherpersonseesauniversewhichisnotthesameasourownandwhoselandscapeswouldotherwisehaveremainedasunknownasanytheremaybeonthemoon.”Ifanyartremainsworthseeing,itmustleadustosuchescapes.Butaminuteinfrontofapaintinginahurried,harried(烦扰)crowdwon’tdothat.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinLouvreinParagraph1?A.ToexpresshisconcernaboutLouvre. B.ToreportthepopularityofMonaLisa.C.Tointroduceagoodplacetotakephotos. D.Toshowadisappointingcurrentsituation.13.WhichofthefollowingwillRichardWollheimagree?A.Peopleneedtoclearuptheirmisunderstandingofpaintings.B.Peoplehavetostayatleast4hourswhenappreciatingpaintings.C.Itisimpossibleformodernpeopletoadmirepaintingsattentively.D.Thelongeroneadmiresthepaintings,themoreunlikelyhelovesthem.14.WhatroledoesartplayinourlifeaccordingtoMarcelProust?A.Artisofhelpforustoacceptourselvesbetter.B.Artmakesourlifemorecolourfulandmeaningful.C.Artallowsustoknowtheworldintheviewofothers.D.Artpushesusawayfromourselvesandexploresthemoon.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Intoartattentively. B.Escapefromourselves.C.Beyondartcompletely. D.Gotothemuseumsoften.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在快速发展的社会中，游客们不能集中注意力很好地欣赏艺术品，而艺术是需要专心欣赏的。【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A12．【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.Muchofthattime,forsomeofthem,isspenttakingphotographsnotevenofthepaintingbutofthemselveswiththepaintinginthebackground.(最近参观卢浮宫的游客报告说，游客现在只能在《蒙娜丽莎》面前呆上一分钟，然后就会被要求离开。对他们中的一些人来说，大部分时间都花在拍照上，甚至不是为这幅画拍照，而是以这幅画为背景给自己拍照。)”和第二段“Oneviewisthatwehavemadetourismandgallery-goingsoeasythatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.(一种观点是，我们让旅游和参观画廊变得如此容易，以至于我们实际上不可能欣赏我们旅行所看到的东西。)”可知，作者在第一段提到卢浮宫的例子是为了展示艺术欣赏令人失望的现状。故选D。13．【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“WhenhevisitedtheLouvrehecouldspendasmuchasfourhourssittingbeforeapainting.Thefirsthour,heclaimed,wasnecessaryforincorrectimpressiontoberemoved.Itwasonlythenthatthepicturewouldbegintodiscloseitself.Thisseemsunthinkabletoday,butitisstillpossibletoorganise.(当他参观卢浮宫时，他可以在一幅画前坐上四个小时之久。他说，第一个小时是消除错误印象所必需的。只有到那时，情况才开始显露出来。这在今天看来是不可想象的，但仍有可能组织起来。)”可知，RichardWollheim认为第一个小时是消除对艺术作品错误印象所必需的行为，可得出他可能会同意的是人们需要澄清对绘画的误解。故选A。14．【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Itisonlythroughartthatwecanescapefromourselvesandknowhowanotherpersonseesauniversewhichisnotthesameasourownandwhoselandscapeswouldotherwisehaveremainedasunknownasanytheremaybeonthemoon.(只有通过艺术，我们才能逃离自我，才能知道另一个人是如何看待一个与我们自己不同的宇宙的，如果没有艺术，这个宇宙的风景就会像月球上的风景一样未知。)”可知，MarcelProust认为艺术在我们的生活中让我们从别人的角度去认识世界。故选C。15．【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Whatistheplaceofartinacultureofinattention?RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.(在一个注意力不集中的文化中，艺术的位置是什么？最近参观卢浮宫的游客报告说，游客现在只能在《蒙娜丽莎》面前呆上一分钟，然后就会被要求离开。)”，第二段“Oneviewisthatwehavemadetourismandgallery-goingsoeasythatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.(一种观点是，我们让旅游和参观画廊变得如此容易，以至于我们实际上不可能欣赏我们旅行所看到的东西。)”和倒数第二段“Eveninthebusiestmuseumstherearemanyroomsandmanypicturesworthhoursofcontemplation(沉思)whichthecrowdslargelyignore.(即使在最繁忙的博物馆里，也有许多值得人们沉思数小时的房间和许多画作，而这些都被人们忽略了。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在快速发展的社会中，游客们不能集中注意力很好地欣赏艺术品，而艺术是需要专心欣赏的，因此最好的题目是A选项“Intoartattentively.(用心投入艺术。)”。故选A。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)WhyCookingMealsatHomeBenefitsMoreThanJustYourWalletWhenhungerstrikes,theconvenienceofenteringafast-foodrestaurantororderingtakeoutcanbeterriblyattractive.____16____However,whenitbecomesaroutine,yourwaistline,yourwalletandyourhealthcanbebadlyaffected.Herearefourreasonstomakecookingathomeyouroption.·It’scheaper.Youcouldspend$100atafancyrestaurantforonedinner,whilethesameamountofmoneycouldbuyyougroceriesforaweek.Whenyoushopsmartandgetcreative,youneedn’tspendmorethan$1onbreakfast,$2onlunchand$4ondinnertopurchasewholesome,healthyfoods.Here’show:____17____·Itmayreduceyourexposuretocertainchemicals.Themostsurprisingbenefitofcookingathomecandecreasetheamountofharmfulchemicalsyou’reexposedto.____18____Commonintakeoutandfast-foodpackaging,thosechemicalshavebeenassociatedwithmanydiseases.Foodpackagingcanalsocontainotherdamagingcompounds(化合物).·Youcanbetterestimatecalories.____19____Thatiswhypeopletendtoconsumeextracalorieswhendiningawayfromhome.Onthecontrary,youhavecompletecontroloverthefoodmaterialswhenyoucookinyourownkitchen.Choosingfiber-packedvegetablesandmeatcontaininglessfatwillhelpkeepyourcaloriesundercontrol.Sowillthewayyoucookyourfood.Ratherthanfrying,chooseroasting.·____20____Manychefsusealotofsaltwhilecooking.Whilesaltcanmakefoodtastier,toomuchofitislinkedtoserioushealthissueslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Athome,youcancontrolthequantityofsaltonyourplatebyseasoningfoodinotherways,likeusinglemonjuice.Thesamegoesforsugar.Youcanusesmallerquantitiesofnaturalsweetenerslikehoneytoaddsweetnesstoyourfood.Toomuchaddedsugarislinkedtosomediseasesaswell.A.Youcanreduceaddedsaltandsugar.B.Eatingoutcanmakecaloriecountingtricky.C.Buyinlargequantitiesandsticktostore-branditems.D.Saltandsugararebothessentialsincookingdeliciousfoods.E.Relyingonfoodawayfromhomeoccasionallyistotallyacceptable.FPeoplearealwaystooengagedintheirworktocookathomepersonally.G.Peoplecookingathomehavelowerlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheirbodies.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在家做饭的好处。【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.B20.A16．【解析】根据空前内容“Whenhungerstrikes,theconvenienceofenteringafast-foodrestaurantororderingtakeoutcanbeterriblyattractive.(当饥饿来袭时，进入快餐店或叫外卖的便利可能非常有吸引力。)”可知，饥饿的时候叫外卖非常有吸引力。而空后内容“However,whenitbecomesaroutine,yourwaistline,yourwalletandyourhealthcanbebadlyaffected.(然而，当它成为一种习惯，你的腰围，你的钱包和你的健康可能会受到严重影响。)”则表明外卖对我们的钱包、身体都有影响。选项E“Relyingonfoodawayfromhomeoccasionallyistotallyacceptable.(偶尔在外面吃点东西是完全可以接受的。)”承上启下，承接上文的内容，指出偶尔出去吃是可以的；同时引出下文经常在外面吃饭并没有好处。故选E。17．【解析】根据上文内容“Whenyoushopsmartandgetcreative,youneedn’tspendmorethan$1onbreakfast,$2onlunchand$4ondinnertopurchasewholesome,healthyfoods.(当你聪明购物并且有创意时，你不需要在早餐上花超过1美元，在午餐上花2美元，在晚餐上花4美元来购买健康的食物。)”可知，上文提到的是其实不需要花很多钱在吃饭上。而空前内容“Here’show(方法如下：)”则暗示，空处为具体操作方法。选项C“Buyinlargequantitiesandsticktostore-branditems.(大量购买，坚持购买商店品牌的商品。)”与上文内容一致，指的都是聪明购物。故选C。18．【解析】根据上文内容“Themostsurprisingbenefitofcookingathomecandecreasetheamountofharmfulchemicalsyou’reexposedto.(在家做饭最令人惊讶的好处是可以减少你接触的有害化学物质的数量。)”可知，在家做饭可以减少你接触的有害化学物质的数量。选项G“Peoplecookingathomehavelowerlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheirbodies.(在家做饭的人体内的危险化学物质含量较低。)”与上文内容一致，指的都是在家做饭可以减少接触有害化学物质。故选G。19．【解析】根据空后内容“Thatiswhypeopletendtoconsumeextracalorieswhendiningawayfromhome.(这就是为什么人们在外出就餐时往往会摄入额外的卡路里。)”可知，空后指的是人们在外面就餐时摄入的卡路里较多。选项B“Eatingoutcanmakecaloriecountingtricky.(外出就餐会让计算卡路里变得棘手。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是在外面就餐摄入的卡路里较多。故选B。20．【解析】空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Manychefsusealotofsaltwhilecooking.Whilesaltcanmakefoodtastier,toomuchofitislinkedtoserioushealthissueslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Athome,youcancontrolthequantityofsaltonyourplatebyseasoningfoodinotherways,likeusinglemonjuice.Thesamegoesforsugar.Youcanusesmallerquantitiesofnaturalsweetenerslikehoneytoaddsweetnesstoyourfood.Toomuchaddedsugarislinkedtosomediseasesaswell.(许多厨师在烹饪时使用大量的盐。虽然盐可以使食物更美味，但过多的盐会导致心脏病和高血压等严重的健康问题。在家里，你可以通过其他方式调味食物来控制盘子里的盐量，比如用柠檬汁。糖也是如此。你可以使用少量的天然甜味剂，比如蜂蜜来增加食物的甜味。过多的添加糖也与一些疾病有关。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是在家做饭可以减少盐和糖的使用。选项A“Youcanreduceaddedsaltandsugar.(你可以减少添加的盐和糖。)”正是本段主要内容。故选A。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)Whentheweatherstartstowarmup,weloveheadingtothebeachforafewdays.Duringonesuchtrip,afterafewdaysofbeing____21____onthebeachandspendingtoomuchtimewalkingtheboardwalk,wedecidedtogofora____22____.We____23____acarforthedayanddrovetoKeyWest.Our____24____wastoenjoyascenicdriveonHighway1andmaybetrysomepieandheadback,buttheday____25____tobemorememorablethanthat.Itwasabreathtakingdriveandwekeptoureyesgluedtothewindow.Thescenerywas____26____andfeltlikeweweredrivingoverwater.WhenwewereclosertoKeyWest,____27____myhusband-stoppedthecar,grabbedhiscamera,andranoutlookingupatthesky—____28____melookingathimconfused(困惑的).Afterafewminutesoflookingandpointingatashinyobjectinthesky,hewaspretty____29____toannouncehe’dspottedaUFO.Ishould_____30_____herethathelovessci-fimoviesandUFOshowsandstrongly_____31_____wearenotalone.Weeventuallygotbackinthe_____32_____,stoppedatanearbystore,andaskedsomeoneintheparkinglot,“Doyouseethatshinythinginthesky?”Themanlookedupand_____33_____,“Doyoumeanthatweatherblimp(气象飞艇)?”Theshinyobjectintheskywasnotanunidentifiedflyingobjectoraliencraftbutaweatherblimp.Itisoneoftheshortfunnytravel_____34_____thatalwayscomeupwhenwetalkaboutour_____35_____.Itstartswithoneofthekidssaying“RememberthetimewhenDadthoughthesawaUFO...?”andalwaysmakesuslaugh.21.A.lazy B.confident C.different D.angry22.A.walk B.challenge C.drive D.rest23.A.bought B.borrowed C.found D.fixed24.A.plan B.dream C.future D.game25.A.tookup B.movedon C.wentaway D.turnedout26.A.boring B.excellent C.normal D.bad27.A.suddenly B.quickly C.luckily D.carefully28.A.letting B.bringing C.leaving D.telling29.A.worried B.nervous C.sad D.excited30.A.decide B.promise C.mention D.agree31.A.believes B.understands C.guesses D.follows32.A.sun B.car C.hotel D.store33.A.replied B.remembered C.thought D.cheered34.A.books B.tips C.stories D.tests35.A.hopes B.ideas C.problems D.trips【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者一家人在一次旅行中，她的丈夫看到了天空中一个闪亮的物体，就误认为那是UFO，而实际上是一艘气象飞艇，并且这个趣事成为了作者一家人以后的谈资。【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D21．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一次这样的旅行中，在海滩上懒洋洋地呆了几天，花了太多时间走木板路之后，我们决定开车去逛逛。A.lazy慵懒的；B.confident自信的；C.different不同的；D.angry生气的。根据下文“onthebeachandspendingtoomuchtimewalkingtheboardwalk”可知，作者他们那几天的生活是很慵懒的状态。故选A。22．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.walk步行；B.challenge挑战；C.drive开车；D.rest休息。根据下文“We_______acarforthedayanddrovetoKeyWest.”可知，作者他们开车出去玩了。故选C。23．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们这一天借了一辆车去基韦斯特。A.bought买；B.borrowed借；C.found发现；D.fixed固定。根据下文“fortheday”可知，作者他们只用了一天，所以这辆车应该是借的。故选B。24．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的计划是在1号公路上享受风景如画的车程，也许可以吃点馅饼然后回去，但事实证明，这一天比这更令人难忘。A.plan计划；B.dream梦想；C.future未来；D.game游戏。根据下文“buttheday________tobemorememorablethanthat”可知，实际上这一天的情况应该是跟原来计划的不一样。故选A。25．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.tookup占据；B.movedon继续移动；C.wentaway走开；D.turnedout结果是。根据上文“but”可知，上下文是转折关系，所以应该是结果跟计划的不一样。故选D。26．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：景色非常好，感觉就像我们在水上行驶。A.boring枯燥的；B.excellent极好的；C.normal正常的；D.bad坏的。根据下文“andfeltlikeweweredrivingoverwater”可知，景色应该是很美的。故选B。27．【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们离基韦斯特更近的时候，我丈夫突然停车，抓起相机，跑了出去，抬头看向天空——这让我看着他很困惑。A.suddenly突然；B.quickly快速地；C.luckily幸运地；D.carefully细心地。根据下文“grabbedhiscamera,andranoutlookingupatthesky”可知，作者丈夫的行为是很匆忙的，所以应该是突然停车。故选A。28．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A.letting使、让；B.bringing带来；C.leaving使处于……；D.telling告诉。根据下文“melookingathimconfused”可知，作者丈夫突然的行为使作者感到困惑，即：使作者处于一种疑惑的状态之中。故选C。29．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在看了几分钟并指着天空中一个闪亮的物体后，他非常兴奋地宣布他发现了一个不明飞行物。A.worried担心的；B.nervous紧张的；C.sad伤心的；D.excited兴奋的。根据下文“toannouncehe’dspottedaUFO”可知，作者的丈夫认为他看到了不明飞行物，所以应该是很激动兴奋的。故选D。30．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该在这里提一下，他喜欢科幻电影和不明飞行物表演，并坚信一定有外星生物。A.decide决定；B.promise承诺；C.mention提及；D.agree同意。根据下文“herethathelovessci-fimoviesandUFOshowsandstrongly________wearenotalone”可知，这是作者要告知一下他丈夫的情况。故选C。31．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.believes相信；B.understands理解；C.guesses猜测；D.follows跟随。根据上文“helovessci-fimoviesandUFOshows”可知，作者的丈夫喜欢科幻电影和不明飞行物表演，所以他应该是坚信我们并不孤单，即：一定有外星生物。故选A。32．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们最终回到车里，停在附近的一家商店，问停车场里的人：“你看到天空中那个闪闪发光的东西了吗？”A.sun太阳；B.car汽车；C.hotel宾馆；D.store商店。根据上文“Weeventuallygotbackin”可知，这里应该是指作者他们回到了车上。故选B。33．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个人抬起头来回答：“你是说那个气象飞艇吗？”A.replied回应；B.remembered记得；C.thought认为；D.cheered欢呼。根据下文“Doyoumeanthatweatherblimp(气象飞艇)?”可知，这是那个人的回答。故选A。34．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们谈论我们的旅行时，这是一个有趣的短篇旅行故事。A.books书；B.tips建议；C.stories故事；D.tests测试。根据下文“Itstartswithoneofthekidssaying“RememberthetimewhenDadthoughthesawaUFO...?”andalwaysmakesuslaugh.”可知，作者一家人把这次旅行当成故事来讲了。故选C。35．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.hopes希望；B.ideas想法；C.problems问题；D.trips旅行。根据下文“Itstartswithoneofthekidssaying“RememberthetimewhenDadthoughthesawaUFO...?”andalwaysmakesuslaugh.”可知，作者一家人后来在每一次讨论旅行的时候，都会提到这次的事情。故选D。第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。InAD79,theancientRomancityofPompeii,insouthernItaly,___36___(destroy)byavolcaniceruptionthatburiedmanyofitsbuildings.Archaeologistshavebeenobservingitforalmost300yearsbutnowtheyhaveanewtool—virtualreality(VR)—forunderstanding____37____Pompeiimightoncehavelookedlike.Researchers,DaniloCampanaroandGiacomoLandeschi,fromLundUniversityinSweden,useddatathatwerecollectedbydronestocreate____38____3Dcomputerreconstructionofoneofitsmostamazingbuildings,then____39____(feed)thereconstructionintoavideogamesystemwhereaVRmodelismade.Theideaisnotjusttorecreatethebuildings____40____tounderstandabitmoreabouthowRomanpeoplemighthaveexperiencedthem.CampanaroandLandeschiasked____41____(volunteer)totakeavirtualtourofthehouseinbothsummerandwinterlight.Theresearchersusedspecialeye-trackingtechnologytorecord____42____(exact)whichareaspeoplelookedatandforhowlong.Fromthis,theteamconcludedthatthebuildingusedcleverdesigns____43____(draw)attentiontotheveryobjects____44____showedoffthewealthandstatusofitsowner—perhapsamancalledLuciusValeniusFlaccus,whoseringwasfound____45____theruins.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了考古学家