回收电池爱护环境主题班会（完美版）模板两篇

人教版选修4化学反应原理第四章电化学基础第一节原电池培训人：目录01基础知识02对锌铜原电池工作原理的进一步探究03由两个半电池组成原电池的工作原理04原电池的设计05总结与练习复习回顾1、原电池是______________________的装置。原电池反应的本质是_______________反应。将化学能转化为电能氧化还原反应2、如右图所示，组成的原电池：（1）当电解质溶液为稀H2SO4时：Zn电极是____（填“正”或“负”）极，其电极反应为_________________，该反应是______（填“氧化”或“还原”，下同）反应；Cu电极是______极，其电极反应为_________________,该反应是_________反应。（2）当电解质溶液为CuSO4溶液时：Zn电极是____极，其电极反应为_______________，该反应是________反应；Cu电极是____极，其电极反应为_______________,该反应是_________反应.负2H++2e-=H2↑氧化正Zn－2e-=Zn2+还原负Zn－2e-=Zn2+氧化正还原Cu2++2e-=Cu复习回顾【实验验证化学能转化为电能的客观事实】01基础知识原电池的工作原理氧化还原反应（本质：反应物之间有电子转移）负极（还原性）还原反应氧化反应正极（氧化性）失e－得e－电子e－电流Ｉ［结论］把氧化反应和还原反应分开在不同的区域进行，再以适当的方式连接起来，就可以获得电流。例题判断下列哪些装置能构成原电池。为什么？可以不可以可以不可以例题判断下列哪些装置能构成原电池。为什么？可以不可以可以不可以例题拓展判断下列哪些装置能构成原电池。为什么？形成条件1活泼性不同的两个电极负极：较活泼的金属正极：较不活泼的金属、石墨等2电极需插进电解质溶液中3必须形成闭合回路思考1、上述装置构成原电池了吗？为什么？2、怎样才能构成原电池呢？硫酸锌溶液硫酸铜溶液组成原电池的条件1243有两种活动性不同的金属（或一种是非金属单质或金属氧化物）作电极电极材料均插入电解质溶液中两极相连形成闭合电路内部条件：能自发进行氧化还原反应02对锌铜原电池工作原理的进一步探究思考左图是原电池，如果用它做电源，不但效率低，而且时间稍长电流就很快减弱，因此不适合实际应用。这是什么原因造成的呢？有没有什么改进措施？思考解析造成原因锌片与硫酸铜溶液直接接触反应一段时间1溶液中的铜离子在锌片表面直接还原2少量的铜在锌片表面析出3负极（锌）表面构成原电池加速了铜在负极锌表面析出4向外输出的电流强度减弱5当锌片表面完全被铜覆盖后，不再构成原电池即没有电流在产生6将锌片与硫酸铜溶液隔离改进措施拓展为了避免发生这种现象，设计如下图（书P71图4-1）所示的原电池装置，你能解释它的工作原理吗？盐桥中通常装有含琼胶的KCl饱和溶液此装置优点：能稳定长时间放电拓展思考1盐桥在此的作用是什么？改进后的装置为什么能够持续、稳定的产生电流？阅读教材72页得出结论使整个装置构成通路，代替两溶液直接接触1平衡电荷2结论解析①01020304溶液中的电流通路是靠离子迁移完成的使整个装置构成通路，代替两溶液直接接触Zn失去电子形成的Zn2+进入ZnSO4溶液ZnSO4溶液因Zn2+增多而带正电荷CuSO4由于Cu2+变为Cu使得SO42-相对较多而带负电荷溶液不保持电中性，这两种因素均会阻止电子从锌片流向铜片，造成电流中断结论解析②01020304由于盐桥（如KCl）的存在平衡电荷阴离子Cl-向ZnSO4溶液扩散和迁移阳离子K+则向CuSO4溶液扩散和迁移分别中和过剩的电荷，保持溶液的电中性因而放电作用不间断地进行直到锌片全部溶解或CuSO4溶液中的Cu2+几乎完全沉淀下来拓展思考2上述原电池装置是将什么反应的化学能转换成电能的？指出电池的正负极，并分别写出其中负极和正极的电极反应式以及该电池的总反应方程式。负极（锌片）：Zn－2e-=Zn2+（氧化反应）正极（铜片）：Cu2++2e-=Cu（还原反应）电池反应（总化学方程式）：Zn+Cu2+=Zn2++Cu电池符号：Zn︱ZnSO4‖

CuSO4︱Cu

负极盐桥正极03由两个半电池组成原电池的工作原理工作原理把氧化反应和还原反应分开在不同区域进行再以适当方式连接，可以获得电流0102在这类电池中，用还原性较强的物质作为负极，负极向外电路提供电子；用氧化性较强的物质作为正极，正极从外电路得到电子在原电池的内部，两极浸在电解质溶液中，并通过阴阳离子的定向运动而形成内电路原电池正负极的判断方法微观判断根据电子电流方向电子流出的极负极电子流入的极正极原电池正负极的判断方法宏观判断较活泼的电极材料较不活泼的电极材料根据电极材料发生氧化反应的极发生还原反应的极根据原电池极发生的反应负极正极负极正极宏观判断质量增加的电极质量减少的电极根据电极增重还是减重（工作后）工作后，有气泡冒出根据电极有气泡冒出正极负极正极原电池正负极的判断方法材料的选择电解质溶液和电极材料的选择（电池的电极必须导电）电解质溶液一般要能够与负极发生反应。但若是两个半反应分别在两个烧杯中进行，则左右两个烧杯中的电解质溶液应与电极材料具有相同的阳离子。04原电池的设计原电池的设计利用Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu，设计一个原电池。化合价升高失2e-化合价降低得2e-根据氧化还原反应电子转移判断电极反应根据电极反应确定合适的电极材料和电解质溶液思考讨论Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+化合价升高失2e-化合价降低得2e-（Cu+2FeCl3=CuCl2+2FeCl2）利用此氧化还原反应来设计原电池写出电极反应式，并画出装置图思考讨论利用此氧化还原反应来设计原电池写出电极反应式，并画出装置图离子方程式Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+CuCuCl2CFeCl305总结与练习总结01复习回忆了原电池的形成02进一步了解原电池的反应原理正确书写电极反应式03利用氧化还原反应原理设计了原电池练习1.下列装置中电流表指针会发生偏转的是（）3练习2.锌铜原电池产生电流时，阳离子（）BA、移向Zn极，阴离子移向Cu极B、移向Cu极，阴离子移向Zn极C、和阴离子都移向Zn极D、和阴离子都移向Cu极3.把a、b、c、d四块金属片浸入稀硫酸中，用导线两两相连组成原电池。若a、b相连时，a为负极；c、d相连时，电流由d到c；a、c相连时，c极上产生大量气泡，b、d相连时，b上有大量气泡产生，则四种金属的活动性顺序由强到弱的为()BA、a>b>c>dB、a>c>d>bC、c>a>b>dD、b>d>c>a练习4.如图所示，在铁圈和银圈的焊接处，用一根棉线将其悬在盛水的烧杯中，使之平衡；小心的向烧杯滴入CuSO4溶液，片刻后可观察到的现象是（）DA、铁圈和银圈左右摇摆不定B、保持平衡状态C、铁圈向下倾斜，银圈向上倾斜D、银圈向下倾斜，铁圈向上倾斜练习Cu+2AgNO3=Cu(NO3)2+2Ag化合价升高失2e-化合价降低得2e-5.利用下面反应设计原电池选择电极材料和电解质溶液，写出电极方程式；并画出原电池简意图。电极反应式：负极：Cu–2e-=Cu2+

正极：2Ag++2e-=2Ag电极：负极是Cu，正极可以是Ag或C等电解液：Cu(NO3)2

、AgNO3

练习Cu+2AgNO3=Cu(NO3)2+2Ag化合价升高失2e-化合价降低得2e-5.利用下面反应设计原电池选择电极材料和电解质溶液，写出电极方程式；并画出原电池简意图。CuCCu(NO3)AgNO3练习6.某原电池总反应式为：Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+，能实现该反应的原电池是（）B7.将镁片和铝片用导线相连，分别同时插入稀H2SO4和NaOH溶液中，写出两池中的电极反应式和电池反应式。ABCD电极材料Cu、ZnCu、AgCu、CFe、Zn电解质溶液FeCl3Fe2(SO4)3Fe(NO3)2CuSO4①Mg—Al—稀H2SO4原电池：负极（Mg）：Mg-2e-=Mg2+（氧化反应）正极（Al）：2H++2e-=H2↑（还原反应）电池反应：Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑②Al—Mg—NaOH原电池：负极（Al）：2Al-6e-+8OH-=2AlO2-+4H2O（氧化反应）正极（Mg）：6H2O+6e-=3H2↑+6OH-（还原反应）电池反应：2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑人教版选修4化学反应原理第四章电化学基础感谢观看！培训人：40页简约商务可视化图表集BatteryChartInfographicsSaturniscomposedofhydrogenandheliumandit’stheringedoneVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunMarsisactuallyacoldplace.ThisplanetisfullofironoxidedustMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestone03020104BatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereJupiteristhebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumNeptuneistheeighthandfarthestplanetfromtheSunMarsisacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustMercuryVenusJupiterSaturnNeptuneMarsBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryVenusVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSun.It’shotandhasaverypoisonousatmosphereMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem—it’sonlyabitlargerthantheMoon60%30%JupiterisagasgiantandalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’stheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunDespitebeingred,MarsisactuallyacoldplacefullofironoxidedustBatteryChartInfographicsBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandsmallestoneintheSolarSystemJupiterisagasgiantandactuallyalsothebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemSaturnisagasgiantintheSolarSystem,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIthasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunintheSolarSystem12341243CBatteryChartInfographicsABCVenus,thesecondplanetfromtheSun,hasabeautifulname,butalsoextremelyhightemperaturesandapoisonousatmosphereDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.Itisfullofironoxidedust,givingtheplanetitscharacteristicreddishcastMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem.ItwasnamedaftertheRomanmessengergodBatteryChartInfographicsAAAAACADespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemBatteryChartInfographicsMercuryisthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemNeptuneisthefourth-largestintheSolarSystemDespitebeingred,MarsisactuallyacoldplaceSaturniscomposedofhydrogenandheliumIthasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetJupiteristhebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemMercuryNeptuneMarsSaturnVenusJupiter100%85%70%55%40%25%BatteryChartInfographicsMercuryVenusJupiterIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemSaturnNeptuneMarsIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIt’sthefarthestplanetfromtheSunIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustBatteryChartInfographicsDespitebeingred,MarsisacoldplaceVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereJupiteristhebiggestplanetofthemallSaturnisthebiggestplanetofthemallNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSun12345MarsVenusJupiterSaturnNeptuneBatteryChartInfographicsJupiterMarsSaturnVenusDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystem1234BatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasaverypoisonousatmosphereEarthistheplanetwhereweallliveonIt’scomposedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumNeptuneisthefarthestplanetfromtheSunIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustCeresislocatedinthemainasteroidbelt12345678BatteryChartInfographicsJupiterMarsSaturnVenusDespitebeingred,Marsisacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumIthasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystem01020403BatteryChartInfographicsIt’sthesmallestplanetintheSolarSystemVenushasapoisonousatmosphereIt’sthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemIt’scomposedofhydrogenandheliumIt’sacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustMercuryJupiterSaturnMarsVenusBatteryChartInfographicsVenus,thesecondplanetfromtheSun,hasabeautifulname,butalsoextremelyhightemperaturesandapoisonousatmosphereDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.Itisfullofironoxidedust,givingtheplanetitscharacteristicreddishcastMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmallestoneintheSolarSystem.ItwasnamedaftertheRomanmessengergod12350%80%30%BatteryChartInfographicsJupiterMarsSaturnVenusDespitebeingred,Marsisactuallyacoldplace.It’sfullofironoxidedustSaturnisagasgiant,composedmostlyofhydrogenandheliumVenushasabeautifulnameandisthesecondplanetfromtheSunJupiterisagasgiantandthebiggestplanetintheSolarSystemMercuryistheclosestplanettotheSunandthesmal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