高中牛津版Grammmar-and-usagem5u3课件

Grammarandusage1.Verb-edformVerb-edphrasesVerb-ingandverb-edusedasadjectives2.Verb-edformVerb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverbinasentenceservingas(充当):

attribute(定语)predicative(表语)objectcomplement(宾语补足语)Whentheverb-edformisusedasan

attribute,itcanbechangedintoan

attributiveclause.3.Theverb-edformcanalsobeusedasanadverbmodifying(修饰)someverbssuchasstand,sit,lie…etc.toshowthetwoactionshappeningatthesametime.4.I.

attribute(定语)1)Asingleverb-edcanappearbeforeanounmodifyingthenounlikeanadjective.Itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled.Thefunctionsofverb-edform5.Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce.6.2)

Generallyspeaking(一般说来),theverb-edformoftransitiveverbs(及物动词)expressespassivemeaningswhiletheverb-edformofintransitiveverbs(不及物动词)expressesactiveandpastmeanings.Someverb-edsbeforenounscanexpresspastmeanings,suchasescaped,retiredandfallen.7.theescapedcriminal逃犯pastthedevelopedcountries发达国家pastawidelyusedlanguagepassivetheretiredscientistpastthehighlypraisedscientistpassivefallenleaves落叶pasttherisensun升起的太阳pasttheexploitedclasses被剥削阶级passive8.3)Averb-edphrasecanappearafteranountomodifythenounlikeanattributiveclausedoes.Thenamementionedintheletterwasunknowntome.Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.9.Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.Scientificexperimentscarriedoutbystudentswithouttheteacher’sinstructionscanbedangerous.Scientificexperimentswhicharecarriedoutby……10.Conclusion:过去分词做定语位于被修饰名词之前;过去分词短语做定语位于被修饰名词之后.2.及物动词的过去分词作定语与被修饰名词之间的关系为被动关系.如句1,句3.3.不及物动词的过去分词做定语表示动作的完成．如句２.11.a.The____________(手写的)notesarefromJack.b.Thekidnapperswereusinga______(偷来的)car.c.Weshoulddrink_______(煮沸的)water.d.Theytookthe________(受伤的)womantothenearbyhospitalatonce.

stolenhandwrittenboiledinjuredFillintheblanksusingverb-edforms.Canyouchangethemintoattributiveclauses?12.消防员在营救那些被困在火里的人。Thefiremenwererescuingthepeopletrappedinthefire.Thefiremenwererescuingthepeople

whoweretrapped

inthefire.试用两种句式翻译下面的句子。13.aso-calledprofessorhomemadepizzaawell-acceptedideaahighly-respectedprofessorawell-paidjob一个所谓的教授自制的比萨饼广泛接受的想法极受尊重的教授报酬颇丰的工作underdevelopedregions不发达地区handmadefurniture手工制作的家具4)Averb-edcanbepartofacompound(复合词)withanadverboranounbeforeit.14.5)Averb-edcanalsobeusedasanon-restrictiveattribute(非限定性定语)whichisseparatedfromthenounitmodifiesbyacomma(逗号).Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.Thebooks,whichwerewrittenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.15.Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.Themeeting,whichwas

attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.16.II.predicative(表语)Itcanbeputaftersomelink-verbs(系动词)suchas:be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become…1)Edisonbecame

interestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.2)Thelittleboywasveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty.17.III.Objectcomplement(宾语补足语)Itcanbeusedaftersomeverbssuchas:see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep…1)AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.2)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.3)Shefoundthedoorlocked.18.4.

Averb-edcanbeusedafterverbslikestand,sitandlietoshowthatthetwoactionsarehappening

atthesametime.Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.Thegirllayinbedandwaslostinthought.Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.Theboysatatthetableandwasburiedinhishomework.19.KeyforExerciseA:

(1)disappointed(2)puzzled(3)excited

(4)thrilled(5)interested(6)boredKeyforExerciseB:2.Theproblemscreatedbycloningwillsoonbeclear.3.Wedon’twantbeastsproducedbyscientiststoreplaceusoneday.20.4.Thetechnologyusedisamazing.5.Theonlythingneededisjustacellfromyouroldpet.21.Averb-edphraseisactuallyaverb-edfollowedbyanobjector/andadverbial.Theverb-edphrasescanbeusedastheadverbial(状语)toexpressthetime,thereasonandconditionTheusageofverb-edphrases22.1.Averb-edphrasecanbeaverb-edonitsown.Itcanalsobefollowedbyanobjectand/oradverbial.1)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed.2)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.3)

Heated,waterchangesintosteam.4)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjured.5)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.23.2.Passiveverb-edphrasescanexpresstime,reasonandcondition.Wecanuseadverbialclauses(状语从句)torewritethephrases.1)timeSeenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,itlooksverybeautiful.24.Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.Whenitiscompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.25.2)reasonFrightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.Becauseshewasfrightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.26.3)conditionGivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.(=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprofessors...)27.3.Understoodsubject(逻辑主语)1)Theunderstoodsubjectisusuallythesameasthesubjectofthemainclause.(refertotheabovesentences)2)Whenverb-edisusedasadverbial(状语)orpredicative(表语),itsunderstoodsubjectisthesubjectofthemainsentence.Shebecamediscouragedatthenews.28.3)动词－ed形式作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.4)

verb－ed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。29.Viviengotherfingerstrappedinthebicyclechain.(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)Thevaluablevasewasfoundstolen.(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)Wegothomeonlytofindthewholehouseturnedupsidedown.Thievesobviouslyhadbrokenin.(turnedupsidedown的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)30.Thecakewasleft__________(没有动)onthetable.Thegirllayinbed____(陷入)inthought.Theboysatatthetable_________(埋头于)inhishomework.untouchedlostburied31.KeytoExerciseA2.Encouragedbyherteachers,Suziedidwellatschool.3.Inspiredbyhisgrandfather,thechildwrotemorepoems.4.Boredbythegame,thedogwillnotplayanymore.32.Peoplehavealwaysbeen_________(interesting/interested)infindingoutaboutworldrecords.2.Jackwenttovisitthetwobrothersandfoundthattheirknowledge________(amazing/amazed).Choosethecorrectanswer.

interestedamazing33.3.Afterbeingtoldseveraltimes,Mr.Smithstillfelt_______(puzzled/puzzling).4.Thefilm“PearlHarbor”isreally________(exciting/excited).5.Hisresponsetothequestionwasquite____________(disappointed/disappointing).puzzledexcitingdisappointing34.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverbfortheconversation.Iam.I’mtotally______(burn)out.Why?Whathaveyoubeendoing?Hi,youlook_____(tire).tiredburnt35.That’s____________(disappoint).Ithinkyou’llbe(please)_______whenit’sfinished.disappointingpleasedYes,you’reright.ButIstillhaveplentyofworktodo.Schoolistoo__________(challenge)challenging36.Don’tworry.Justthinkofhow_______(relax)you’llbewhenit’sfinished.Whendoyouthinkyou’llfinishyourhomework?Inabouttwohours,Ithink.relaxed37.P49AB1.provevt.证明,证实provesth.provethatproveoneself(tobe)+adj./n.Heprovedhimselftobeagreatscientist.link-v.prove(tobe)+adj.Themethodprovedtobeeffective.prove(tobe)+n.Heprovedasuccessfulmanager.38.2.figurefigure1)n.身材Thegirlhasagoodfigure.2)[C]n.画像，数字，图表Hehasanincomeofsixfigure.他有六位数的收入ThefigureonPage22showsapoliticalmapofAfrica.第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。39.figure3)

认为，考虑，计算Ifigureitlikethis.figureout想出，理解，明白，计算出。cometounderstand,calculateI’veneverbeenabletofigurehimout.Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchtheholidaywillcost?40.3.theotherday（用一般过去时）theotherdayallthedaydayafterdaydayandnight不久前某天，几天前整天日复一日日日夜夜daybyday逐日41.4.matchmatch1)vt.使较量，使比赛(against/with)matchone’sstrengthwiththatofanother与另一人较量2)vt.敌得上，比得上Noonecanmatchhiminsinging.3)vt.和…相配，和…相称Thepicturematchesthestory.42.match多指大小,色调,形状,性质方面的搭配suit

多指合乎需要,口味,性格,条件,地位等fit

多指大小,形状合适1)Wemustfindcarpetsthat’ll______thecurtains.2)Thenewcoat____mewell.3)Noonecan______herinknowledgeofclassicalmusic.4)He______hisspeechtohisaudience.matchfitsmatchsuited43.6.cautiouscautiousadj.细心的，谨慎的Thestudentsarecautiousnottomakeanymistakesinspelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免发生错误。becautiousof…:lookoutfor

留心，谨防44.9.alternativealternative1)adj.两者(或两者以上)挑一的alternativeways2)n.两者取一，取舍thealternativeofgoingorstaying3)n.选择对象，可供选择的办法That’stheonlyalternative.可供选择的两种方法去留之间的抉择那是唯一可供选择的。45.10.involveinvolve1)vt.使卷入，使陷入beinvolvedintrouble卷入纠纷2)vt.使专注Hewasinvolvedinworkingoutaplan.他专心一意地订计划。3)vt.包含，含有ataskwhichinvolvesmuchdifficulty带有许多困难的任务involvementn.卷入，牵连，包含46.11.costcost1)n.成本，费用reducetheproductioncost降低生产成本thecostofliving生活费用2)n.代价atallcosts不惜任何代价atthecostof…以…为代价3)vt.使失去(生命,健康等)Hiscarelessnesscosthimhislife.47.12.onone’spartonone’spart=onthepartofsb.对某人来说Theagreementhasbeenkeptonourpart.我们这方面遵守了协议。48.13.definitely确切地，肯定地definite1)adj.明确的，确切的adefiniteanswer明确的答复2)adj.一定的，肯定的It’sdefinitethathe’llcome.他肯定会来。49.高考链接Itisachallengingprofession.(P49)[考点]challengingadj.具有挑战性的。其名词形式为challenge，挑战，质疑。[考例]Findinginformationintoday’sworldiseasy.The_____ishowyoucantelliftheinformationyougetisusefulornot.(天津2006)ability B.competition C.challenge D.knowledge50.[点拨]选C。句意为：在当今世界找到信息很容易，难题(challenge)在于你如何判断你获取的信息是否有用。ability能力；competition比赛，竞争；knowledge知识。51.即时训练Theysatstillintheroom____.A