陕西省商洛市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月联考英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

商洛市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月联考英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Salesmanandcustomer.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Havearest.B.Dancewiththeman.C.Practicedancingforanotherhour.3Whattimedoesthewoman’swatchshow?A.7:50.B.7:30.C.7:20.4.Whowillgobackhomelatetonight?A.Thekids.B.Theman.C.Thewoman.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heisveryfull.B.Hedislikesthefood.C.Hewantstocontrolweight.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesMikemostlyplay?A.Centerback.B.Leftback.C.Rightwing.7.Whydoesthewomanaskaboutafootballplayer?A.Sheplanstolearnfootball.B.Shewillplayafootballgame.C.Sheispreparingforschoolwork.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatwaswrongwiththewoman’scar?A.Itsbatterywasflat.B.Itspetrolwasusedup.C.Itwastoooldtodrive.9.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Buyanewcar.B.Rechargethebatteryathome.C.Returnthebatterytotheshop.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Wherewillthemanbeat11:00thismorning?A.Attheoffice.B.Attheairport.C.Attherestaurant.11.Whatwillthemanprobablybedoingat2:00thisafternoon?A.Receivingaguest.B.Havingameeting.C.Readingareport.12.Whenwillthewomanseetheman?A.Tomorrowmorning.B.Thisafternoon.C.Thisnoon.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whoisthewomanprobably?A.Abankmanager.B.Arestaurantowner.C.Alandagent.14.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Tosave$40,000.B.Toanswerquestions.C.Toborrowsomemoney.15.Wheredoesthemanintendtosetuphisbusiness?A.InLincolnRoad.B.Nexttothebank.C.Inhisgrandmother’shouse.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisamustforthemantosetuphisbusiness?A.Thelocation.B.Hisfutureplans.C.Enoughcustomers.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatkindofpeopleare“earlybirds”?AThosewhogetupat10:30am.B.Thosewhogotobedaround9:30pm.C.Thosewhogotobedaround11:00pm.18.Whendomostteenagersgotobed?A.Around9:00pm.B.Around10:00pm.C.Aroundmidnightorlater.19.Howmanyteenagerscansleepenoughaccordingtothetext?A.One-fifth.B.Two-fifths.C.One-fourth.20Whatdoweknowaboutnightowlsfromthetext?A.Theygetgoodgradesatschool.B.Theygetworsejobsthanearlybirds.C.Theydobetteronsomeintelligencetests.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANorthernCaliforniaholdsaspecialplaceintheheartsofallhikerswhohaveexperiencedthisspecialportionofthecountry.Readontochooseyourbestpotentialhike.LassenPeakTrailDon’tletthedistancefoolyou.The5-mileround-tripLassenPeakTrailinLassenVolcanicNationalParkishotandrocky,notsuitableforpeopleinpoorhealth,especiallywithweakhearts.HikerswillgainaverygreatheightastheyreachthetopofLassenPeak.ThoughMountLassenlasteruptedinthe20thcentury,thevolcanohereisstilltechnicallyactive.YosemiteFallsTrailThehikealongYosemiteFallsTrailoffersamazingviewsofthefallsandthesurroundingvalley.Thefallsarenothingshortofbreathtakingastheyrisemorethan2,000feetabovethevalleyfloor,makingitthehighestfallsinNorthAmerica.Comehereinthespringmonthstorelaxandseethem.StoutMemorialGrove(小树林)TrailThistrailisanabsolutefavoriteamongphotographersthankstoitssimpleaccessibilityandtheflatgroveofwell-litpreciousredwoods.Italsofeaturesbrightgreenplants,fallentrunksandplentyofspotstorelaxamongtalloldtrees.Althoughthishikeisshort,itusuallydoesn’tgettoobusy.Arriveearlytosecureaspaceasparkingislimited.Founders’GroveNatureTrailLocatedinHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkinSouthernHumboldtCounty,thetrailtakesvisitorstooneofthemostbelovedvaluablecoastalredwoodgrovesinCalifornia.ThefamedAvenueofGiantscutsthroughthegroveatthecenterofaneasyhalf-mile-longloopthat’swell-markedandwell-maintained,perfectforfamiliesandhikingbeginners.1.Whichtrailisthemostphysicallydemanding?A.LassenPeakTrail. B.YosemiteFallsTrail.C.StoutMemorialGroveTrail. D.Founders’GroveNatureTrail.2.WhyaretouristsrecommendedtocometoYosemiteinspring?A.Totakephotosofplants. B.Toseevolcanoes.C.Toenjoythehighwaterfall. D.Tocampinthevalley.3.Whatdothelasttwotrailsfeature?A.Famedavenues. B.Freeparkinglots.C.Theraretreespecies. D.Thehalf-mile-longhiking.【答案】1A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北加州在所有经历过这个国家特殊地区的徒步旅行者心中占有特殊的地位。文章重点介绍了几个最适合你的徒步旅行的线路。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据LassenPeakTrail中“The5-mileround-tripLassenPeakTrailinLassenVolcanicNationalParkishotandrocky,notsuitableforpeopleinpoorhealth,especiallywithweakhearts.”（拉森火山国家公园的拉森峰步道往返5英里，天气炎热，岩石多，不适合身体不好的人，尤其是心脏虚弱的人。）可知，拉森峰步道是需要体力的。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据YosemiteFallsTrail中“Thefallsarenothingshortofbreathtakingastheyrisemorethan2,000feetabovethevalleyfloor,makingitthehighestfallsinNorthAmerica.Comehereinthespringmonthstorelaxandseethem.”（瀑布高出谷底2000多英尺，令人叹为观止，是北美最高的瀑布。春天来这里放松一下，看看它们。）可知，建议游客在春天来约塞米蒂是因为可以欣赏到高高的瀑布。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章StoutMemorialGrove(小树林)Trail中“Thistrailisanabsolutefavoriteamongphotographersthankstoitssimpleaccessibilityandtheflatgroveofwell-litpreciousredwoods.”（这条小路绝对是摄影师们的最爱，因为它很容易到达，而且平坦的树林里有明亮的珍贵红杉。）以及LocatedinHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkinSouthernHumboldtCounty,thetrailtakesvisitorstooneofthemostbelovedvaluablecoastalredwoodgrovesinCalifornia.”（这条小径位于洪堡县南部的洪堡红杉州立公园，将游客带到加州最受欢迎的珍贵海岸红杉林之一。）可知，最后两条路线的特点是以稀有树种为特色。故选C项。BIanHappisaprofessionalbaseballplayerforabaseballteamintheUnitedStates.Whenhefirststartedplayingwiththeteamin2017,hewaslookingforpicturestohanginhishome.AnideaandanunlikelypartnershipwithaBritishartistcamefromthatsimpledesire.HappwantedtoshowWrigleyField,theteam’sballpark,fromadifferentartisticvision.HesaidthatmanybaseballfanshadbeentoWrigleyFieldbuthadneverseenwhattheballparklookedlike,fromthefield.Hethoughtlookingupfromthefieldwassuchacoolexperiencethatheintendedtobringthattomorefans.So,fromhispointofview,helettheBritishartistPatrickValecreatethreelargedrawingsofWrigleyField.Insteadofhavingpictureshunginhishome,thepartnershipledtosomethingquitedifferent.Happ’sviewsofWrigleyFieldbecametheproject,ThroughMyEyes,inwhichfanscouldpurchaseprints.Themoneymadeinthiswaywenttowardthosepeopleinneed.ThedrawingsbyValebecameSeeWhatISee,anexhibitionataChicago’sgallery.Theshowlastedaperiodoftime.HappeverbroughtValetoChicagoinSeptemberof2018andshowedhimaroundWrigleyField.Valeknewlittleaboutthesportofbaseball.ButheunderstoodtheconnectionfanshadwithWrigleyField.HapphadtoexplaintoValetheimportanceofthe400-footsigninthecenterfieldandthefamousmanualscoreboard.Hehadtoteachhimthecorrectpositioningoftheplayers.Healsoexplainedwhatitfeltlikestandinginthefieldunderthebrightlightswithaloudcrowd.Valetookpicturesandusedthemtohelphimcreatedrawingsingreatdetail.HewasverymodestandwouldsendroughdrawingstoHapp,whowouldmarkthemupinredink,likeateacher,withsuggestions.Itwasinthiswaythattheircooperationwassosuccessful.4.WhatdidHappaskValetodo?A.Jointhebaseballteam.B.Findadifferentbaseballfield.C.Createthreepicturesofhishome.D.Drawaccordingtohisownperspectives.5.WhatisthemainpurposeofThroughMyEyes?A.Toholdanexhibition. B.Todocharity.C.Toattractbaseballfans. D.Topromotetheprintingtrade.6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.WhatValeexplainedtoHapp.B.HowValecorrectedHapp’smistakes.C.WhatHappandValefeltaboutthefield.D.HowHappintroducedValeaboutWrigleyfield.7.WhichwordcanbestdescribeVale?A.Humble. B.Humorous. C.Casual. D.Conventional.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国棒球运动员IanHapp和英国艺术家PatrickVale合作，画出棒球手眼里的球场，并促成了ThroughMyEyes项目来做慈善。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“So,fromhispointofview,helettheBritishartistPatrickValecreatethreelargedrawingsofWrigleyField.(因此，他让英国艺术家PatrickVale从他的角度来看，创作了三幅瑞格利球场的大型素描)”可知，Happ让Vale画出从球场上看棒球场的样子，故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Happ’sviewsofWrigleyFieldbecametheproject,ThroughMyEyes,inwhichfanscouldpurchaseprints.Themoneymadeinthiswaywenttowardthosepeopleinneed.(Happ看瑞格利球场的视野成为了ThroughMyEyes这个项目，球迷可以在这个项目中购买印刷品。通过这种方式赚到的钱都捐给了那些需要帮助的人)”可知，ThroughMyEyes项目的目的是做慈善，故选B。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是“HapphadtoexplaintoValetheimportanceofthe400-footsigninthecenterfieldandthefamousmanualscoreboard.Hehadtoteachhimthecorrectpositioningoftheplayers.Healsoexplainedwhatitfeltlikestandinginthefieldunderthebrightlightswithaloudcrowd.(Happ不得不向Vale解释中场400英尺的标志和著名的手动计分板的重要性。他必须教他正确的球员位置。他还解释了站在明亮的灯光下和喧闹的人群在一起的感觉)”可知，本段主要讲述Happ如何向Vale介绍瑞格利球场，故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“HewasverymodestandwouldsendroughdrawingstoHapp,whowouldmarkthemupinredink,likeateacher,withsuggestions.(他很谦虚，会把画得很粗糙的画寄给Happ，Happ会像老师一样，用红墨水在画上做记号，并提出建议)”可知，Vale很谦虚，故选A。COrigami(折纸工艺)isnowpushingthelimitsofwhatscientiststhinkispossible,particularlyatthetiniestofscales.IknowMiskin,anelectricalengineeratUniversityofPennsylvania.Heandhisstudentshavebeenusingacleanroomtomakeanarmyofrobotsnobiggerthandust.Suchtinyrobotsrequirebigcreativity.That’swhereorigamicomesin.Foldpatternswillbendandmovethesamewayatanysize,atleasttheoretically.Createdbyusingthesametechniquesasthecomputerchipindustry,Miskin’srobotslooklikepiecesoffatwitharmsandlegs.Whentherobotsareexposedtoelectricity,theirarmsandlegsbendeasily,helpingthemwalkthroughadroponaglassslide.Miskinseesaworldofpossiblewaysthesetinyrobotscanbeused,fromindustry,tourism,servicetootherfields.Indeed,theartform,origami,holdsparticularpromiseformanyfields.Forexample,Rus,anAIengineerdevelopedarobotthatcanfoldtofitintoapillcapsule.Afterthecapsuleisswallowed,therobotunfoldsandcanbedirectedaroundthedigestivesystemusingprogrammablemagneticfields.Aninitialtestdemonstratedonepossibleuse:removingtheswallowedbuttonbatteriesfromthestomach,apotentiallydeadlyconditionexperiencedbythousandsofchildreneachyear.“Justimagineusingittorepairawound,”Russays.“We’llseeafutureofsurgerieswithnopainandnoriskofinfection.”Thesetypesofbigdreamsarewhereorigamiseemstohelpscienceflourishmost.Origamihasprovideddnewtooltofiretheimaginationandcreatetechnologiesoncethoughtimpossible,includingaboatthatfoldsdowntobesmallenoughtofitinacar’strunk.Onabrightfallafternoon,ItookmyboatforaspinonVirginia’sLakeAccotink.Theplasticsuitcasedrewcuriouslooksfrompassers-byasIunfoldedit.Perhapsoneday,foldingformswillbeconsideredprosaic.Butfornow,origamiwillcontinuetosparkwonderandexcitementasitpushesscience,medicineandtechnologyintothefutureandkeepsmeafloatasIleavethelakeshore.8.WhatareMiskin’srobotslike?A.Flexible. B.Transparent. C.Awkward. D.Fragile.9.WhichfieldisRus’srobotusedin?A.Art. B.Industry. C.Medicine. D.Tourism.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prosaic”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Fancy. B.Thrilling. C.Strange. D.Ordinary.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Robots:TakingonVarietiesofArtFormsB.Origami:BeingAppliedintheFieldofArtC.Origami:RevolutionizingScienceandTechnologyD.Robots:BeingPoweredbyElectricityandBatteries【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述折纸工艺激发了人们的想象力和创造力，将科学、医学和技术推向未来。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whentherobotsareexposedtoelectricity,theirarmsandlegsbendeasily,helpingthemwalkthroughadroponaglassslide.(当机器人接触到电流时，它们的胳膊和腿很容易弯曲，帮助它们在玻璃滑梯上行走)”可知，Miskin的机器人很灵活。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aninitialtestdemonstratedonepossibleuse:removingtheswallowedbuttonbatteriesfromthestomach,apotentiallydeadlyconditionexperiencedbythousandsofchildreneachyear.‘Justimagineusingittorepairawound,’Russays.“We’llseeafutureofsurgerieswithnopainandnoriskofinfection.’(最初的测试显示了一种可能的用途：将吞下的纽扣电池从胃中取出，这是每年成千上万的儿童经历的潜在致命疾病。‘想象一下用它来修复伤口，’Rus说。‘我们将看到未来的手术没有疼痛，也没有感染的风险。’)”可知，Rus的机器人被用于医疗领域。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下一句“Butfornow,origamiwillcontinuetosparkwonderandexcitementasitpushesscience,medicineandtechnologyintothefutureandkeepsmeafloatasIleavethelakeshore.(但就目前而言，折纸工艺将继续激发奇迹和兴奋，因为它将科学、医学和技术推向未来，并让我在离开湖岸时保持漂浮)”可知，目前折纸工艺将继续激发奇迹和兴奋，划线词所在句与下文是转折关系，由此可推出此处意为“也许有一天，折纸工艺会被认为是平淡无奇的”，prosaic意为“平淡的”。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Origami(折纸工艺)

isnowpushingthelimitsofwhatscientiststhinkispossible,particularlyatthetiniestofscales.(折纸工艺现在正在挑战科学家们认为可能的极限，尤其是在最小的尺度上)”和最后一段中“Butfornow,origamiwillcontinuetosparkwonderandexcitementasitpushesscience,medicineandtechnologyintothefutureandkeepsmeafloatasIleavethelakeshore.(但就目前而言，折纸工艺将继续激发奇迹和兴奋，因为它将科学、医学和技术推向未来，并让我在离开湖岸时保持漂浮)”可知，文章主要讲述折纸工艺激发了人们的想象力和创造力，将科学、医学和技术推向未来。C项“折纸工艺：使科学和技术发生革命性变化”为最佳标题。故选C。DForsomeantqueens,thesecrettolonglifemightbeaself-producedinsulin(胰岛素)blocker.Antqueensarefamouslylong-livedeventhoughtheyshouldn’tbe.Generally,animalsthatputlotsofenergyintoreproductionsacrificesometimeofftheirlife.Butantqueensproducemillionsofeggsandliveanextraordinarilylongtimecomparedwithworkerantsthatdon’treproduce.Now,researchershaveshownhowoneantspeciespullsoffthisanti-aginggreatwork.Whenqueensofthespecies,Harpegnathossaltator(跳跃蚁),arepreparedtoreproduce,apartofwhatiscalledtheinsulinsignalingpathwaygetsblocked,slowingaging.Inararebehaviorforants,whenaqueenH.saltatordies,somefemaleworkersbegincompetinginfightsforthechancetoreplaceher.Thesehopefulroyalsstartlayingeggsandthenchangeintoqueen-likeformscalledgamergates(雌工虫).Whenaworkerchangestoagamergate,herlifelengthbecomesfivetimesaslongasitwas.Butifshedoesn’tendupbecomingaqueenandgoesbacktoaworker,herlifetimeshortensagain.Theresearchersresearchedthisbehaviorintheseants.ItturnsoutthatH.saltatorgamergatesextendtheirlifetimebytakingadvantageofasplitintheinsulinsignalingpathway,thechainofchemicalreactionsthatdriveinsulin’seffectsonthebody.Onebranchofthispathwayisinvolvedwithreproduction,whiletheotherislinkedtoaging.Examiningpatternsofgeneactivity,expertYanandhiscolleaguesfoundthatgamergateshavemoreactiveinsulingenesthanregularworkerantsand,asaresult,haveincreasedmetabolic(新陈代谢的)activityandphysicaldevelopment.Butthesecretsauceprotectingtheantsfromtheinsulin’sagingeffectsappearstobewhatiscalledImp-L2,whichblocksthebranchoftheinsulinpathwaylinkedtoaging.Thebranchinvolvedinreproduction,however,remainsactive.Theseresultsrepresentaleapforwardinourunderstandingofextremesocialinsectlifetime,whilealsoshowingananti-agingevolutionaryadaptationthathasn’tbeenseeninthewildbefore.12.Howdoestheauthorbeginthetext?A.Bylistingdata. B.Byquotingasaying.C.Byaskingaquestion. D.Bydescribingaphenomenon.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutgamergatesfromparagraph2?A.Theylivelongerthanbefore.B.Theyrarelyfightwitheachother.C.Theyareresistanttobecomequeens.D.Theyarefivetimesshorterthanworkerants.14.WhatdoweknowaboutImp-L2?A.Itmaypreventantsfromaging.B.Itmayreduceants’metabolicactivity.C.Itmayregulateants’physicaldevelopment.D.Itmayprotectants’reproductivecapability.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheresearchresults?A.Complicated. B.Controversial. C.Instructive. D.Invalid.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是蚁后长寿的秘密以及研究的过程。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“Generally,animalsthatputlotsofenergyintoreproductionsacrificesometimeofftheirlife.Butantqueensproducemillionsofeggsandliveanextraordinarilylongtimecomparedwithworkerantsthatdon’treproduce.(众所周知，蚂蚁女王的寿命很长，尽管它们不应该如此。一般来说，将大量精力投入繁殖的动物会牺牲一些生命。但是蚁后生产数百万个卵，与不繁殖的工蚁相比，它们的寿命非常长。)”可知，众所周知，蚁后的寿命很长，一般情况下将大量精力投入到繁殖的动物会寿命短一些，但蚁后却与不繁殖的工蚁相比，寿命却非常长，由此可知，本文是通过描述一种现象引出话题。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thesehopefulroyalsstartlayingeggsandthenchangeintoqueen-likeformscalledgamergates(雌工虫).Whenaworkerchangestoagamergate,herlifelengthbecomesfivetimesaslongasitwas.(这些充满希望的皇室成员开始产卵，然后变成女王一样的形式，被称为“雌工虫”。当一个工蚁变成一个雌工虫时，她的寿命是原来的5倍。)”可知，当一个工蚁变成雌工虫时，他们的寿命就会是原来的5倍，由此可知，他们的寿命会比以前更长。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butthesecretsauceprotectingtheantsfromtheinsulin’sagingeffectsappearstobewhatiscalledImp-L2,whichblocksthebranchoftheinsulinpathwaylinkedtoaging.(但保护蚂蚁不受胰岛素衰老影响的秘诀似乎是一种叫做Imp-L2的物质，它能阻断与衰老有关的胰岛素通路分支。)”可知，Imp-L2是保护蚂蚁不受胰岛素衰老影响的一种物质，它能阻断与衰老有关的胰岛素通路分支，由此可知，Imp-L2可能能够防止蚂蚁衰老。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Theseresultsrepresentaleapforwardinourunderstandingofextremesocialinsectlifetime,whilealsoshowingananti-agingevolutionaryadaptationthathasn’tbeenseeninthewildbefore.(这些结果代表了我们对极端群居昆虫寿命的理解的飞跃，同时也展现了一种在野外从未见过的抗衰老进化适应。)”可知，作者认为这些结果代表了人类对群居昆虫寿命理解的一个飞跃，由此可见，作者认为这些研究结果是增长知识的，有指导意义的。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoBeConsiderateAsweknow,peoplearenotbornknowinghowtoactinaconsideratemannerandputthemselvesintheotherperson’sshoes.___16___Thefollowingmethods,whichoftenworkineverydaylife,areworthlearningandtrying.___17___Empathy(同感)isoneofthemostproductivethingspeoplecanhaveinarelationship.Itistheabilitytoseeasituationfromanotherperson’spointofview.Whensomeoneisnotactingthisway,hiswordsandbehaviorsseemselfishandinconsiderate.Stepbackandattempttodeveloptheabilitytoseethings.Beagoodlistener.Goodlisteningisimportantincommunicationindailylife.Activelisteningbestshowsthequalityofaperson.Itinvolvesrememberinginformation,repeatingtheotherperson’swords,providingfeedbackandhavingpositivebodylanguagesuchasleaningforwardandgivingeyecontact.___18___Haveself-control.Havingself-controlisaconsideratebehavior,anditisbeneficialtoaunionofanykind.Manypeopledon’tmonitorthemselves.Instead,theyspeakoractbeforetheythink.___19___Everythingyousayanddomaypositivelyornegativelyinfluenceothers.Whenyoudon’tcontrolthesethings,itcandamagearelationship.Doactsofkindness.___20___Kindnessisveryimportanttoovercomeinconsideratehabits.Forexample,asmile,akindword,orahugareallnicegestures.Otherideasincludeholdingadoorforthepersonbehindyouorlettingtheoldboardthebusfirst.Treatotherpeoplethewayyouwouldwanttobetreated.A.Thinkoftheotherperson’sfeelings.B.However,theycanbetaughttodoso.C.Itisdifficulttoshowkindnesstoothers.D.Consideratepeopledokindthingsforotherpeople.E.Learnmoreaboutselfishandinconsideratebehaviors.F.Giveapersonyourfullattentionandheorshewillfeelrecognized.G.Itisimportanttothinkabouttheconsequencesofyourwordsandactions.【答案】16.B17.A18.F19.G20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何对别人体贴。【16题详解】上文“Asweknow,peoplearenotbornknowinghowtoactinaconsideratemannerandputthemselvesintheotherperson’sshoes.(正如我们所知，人们并不是生来就知道如何体贴他人，设身处地为他人着想。)”可知，人们并不是生来就知道如何体贴人，下文“Thefollowingmethods,whichoftenworkineverydaylife,areworthlearningandtrying.(以下方法在日常生活中经常有效，值得学习和尝试。)”指出有一些方法可以让人们学会体贴，B项“然而，他们可以学会这样做。”符合，和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，虽然人们并不是生来就知道如何体贴人，但是有些方法可以让人们学会体贴，故选B。【17题详解】根据下文“Empathy(同感)isoneofthemostproductivethingspeoplecanhaveinarelationship.Itistheabilitytoseeasituationfromanotherperson’spointofview.(同理心是人们在一段关系中能获得的最有成效的东西之一。它是一种从别人的角度看问题的能力。)”可知，本段主要介绍要从别人的角度考虑，A项“想想别人的感受”符合，能概括本段内容，故选A。【18题详解】上文“Activelisteningbestshowsthequalityofaperson.Itinvolvesrememberinginformation,repeatingtheotherperson’swords,providingfeedbackandhavingpositivebodylanguagesuchasleaningforwardandgivingeyecontact.(积极的倾听最能体现一个人的品质。它包括记住信息，重复他人的话，提供反馈，并有积极的身体语言，如前倾和给予眼神接触。)”可知，要积极倾听，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，F项“将你的全部注意力放在一个人身上，他或她会感到被认可。”符合，介绍了倾听别人的好处，故选F。【19题详解】上文“Havingself-controlisaconsideratebehavior,anditisbeneficialtoaunionofanykind.Manypeopledon’tmonitorthemselves.Instead,theyspeakoractbeforetheythink.(自我控制是一种体贴的行为，它有利于任何形式的结合。很多人不会监督自己。相反，他们没有思考就说话或行动。)”指出要有自我控制能力，即说话之前先要思考，空处承接上文，解释了说话之前先要思考的重要性，G项“思考你的言行所带来的后果是很重要的。”符合，故选G。【20题详解】根据本段中心句“Doactsofkindness.(做善事。)”可知，本段主要介绍了要做好事，D项“体贴的人为别人做好事。”符合本段主题，故选D。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theworldofsportscanbechallenging.Sometimes,asimple___21___cantakeonanextremely___22___meaning.That’swhathappenedtoateenagerunnerwhoseshowof___23___stretchedfarbeyondatrackmeet.Ella___24___theraceofherlife.Shethoughtitwasagoodfeelingtobeableto___25___somethingshehadworkedforinherwholelife.Soshemanagedtotakeanactivepartin___26___andwonmanyawards.Shewasthestate___27___inthe1,600meterrace,thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.However,whatpeoplerememberedwasn’ther___28___butaracewhereshefinishedlast.Itwaswhenshewas___29___tofinishtheracethatsomething___30___happened.Ellasaid,“Iwas___31___,somemeterstogo.Agirlwasnotfarinfrontofme,andsuddenly,Isawher___32___.”Whatshedidnextnotonly___33___upanotherrunner’sdaybutalsotheentirestadium.Shestoppedatthebendtopickupthegirland___34___herout.Soon,alltheotherrunnerswentpastthem.___35___,sheinsistedonsupportingthegirltothefinishline.“Itwasreally___36___andpeopleweremovedintotearsbywhatEllahaddone,”saidElla’scoach.___37___failure,Ellafeltvery___38___inherheart.Whenaskedwhyshegaveupwinningtoassisttheother,shesaid,“Ifweworktogettothestatemeet,we___39___tofinishnomatterwhoweare.Ijustwantedhertomakeitnomatterwhathappened.”OnElla’sshirtisaslogan:PartSpeed,PartPatience,AllHeart.It___40___sumsupthegirl’scharacteristicswhofoundvictorywhilefinishinglast.21.A.award B.apology C.greeting D.gesture22.A.great B.temporary C.small D.narrow23.A.relationship B.sportsmanship C.neighborhood D.childhood24.A.watched B.assessed C.ran D.bore25.A.balance B.achieve C.celebrate D.acknowledge26.A.debates B.camps C.games D.strikes27.A.coach B.owner C.judge D.champion28.A.wins B.hobbies C.needs D.views29.A.remembering B.trying C.hesitating D.pretending30.A.dishonest B.impossible C.unexpected D.inessential31.A.turning B.wandering C.offending D.thinking32.A.disappear B.shake C.exit D.fall33.A.took B.brightened C.made D.kept34.A.let B.asked C.helped D.picked35.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Nevertheless36.A.touching B.relaxing C.confusing D.frightening37.A.Incaseof B.Inspiteof C.Inchargeof D.Infavorof38.A.desperate B.blank C.content D.grateful39.A.deserve B.forget C.reject D.fear40.A.rarely B.randomly C.temporarily D.perfectly【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D36.A37.B38.C39.A40.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了艾拉在比赛时将摔倒的女孩扶起来，并搀扶她到终点线的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，一个简单的动作可以产生非常伟大的意义。A.award奖品；B.apology道歉；C.greeting问候；D.gesture动作。下文“Shestoppedatthebendtopickupthegirl”和“sheinsistedonsupportingthegirltothefinishline.”可知，文章主要讲述了艾拉在比赛时将摔倒的女孩扶起来，并搀扶她到终点线的故事，艾拉的这一个简单的动作感动了很多人，故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，一个简单的动作可以产生非常伟大的意义。A.great伟大的；B.temporary暂时的；C.small小的；D.narrow狭小的。由下文“Whatshedidnextnotonly_______upanotherrunner’sdaybutalsotheentirestadium.”可知，艾拉的行为点亮了整个体育场，由此可知，她的这个简单的动作产生了很大的意义，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是发生在一个青少年跑步运动员身上的事情，她的体育精神远远超出了田径运动会的范围。A.relationship关系；B.sportsmanship体育精神；C.neighborhood邻居，社区；D.childhood儿童时期。由下文“stretchedfarbeyondatrackmeet.”和“Whatshedidnextnotonly_______upanotherrunner’sdaybutalsotheentirestadium.”可知，艾拉在比赛时将摔倒的女孩扶起来，这体现了她的体育精神，故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾拉一直都在参加跑步比赛。A.watched观看；B.assessed评价；C.ran跑；D.bore承担。由下文“theraceofherlife.”可知，艾拉参加了很多比赛，故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她认为能够实现她一生都在为之奋斗的目标是一种很好的感觉。A.balance平衡；B.achieve实现；C.celebrate庆祝；D.acknowledge承认。由下文“somethingshehadworkedforinherwholelife.”可知，此处表示实现她为之奋斗的目标，故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，她设法积极参加比赛，并赢得了许多奖项。A.debates讨论；B.camps营地；C.games游戏，比赛；D.strikes罢工。由上文“theraceofherlife”和下文“thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.”可知，她积极参加比赛，故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是1600米赛跑的州冠军，是20多年来第一个赢得田径冠军的女孩。A.coach教练；B.owner主人；C.judge裁判；D.champion冠军。由下文“thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.”可知，她是20多年来第一个赢得田径冠军的女孩，这说明她赢得了冠军，故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们记得不是她的胜利，而是她最后完成的比赛。A.wins胜利；B.hobbies爱好；C.needs需要；D.views观点。上文“thefirstgirltowinatrackandfieldtitleinmorethan20years.”提到她赢得了冠军，这说明她比赛胜利了，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在她试图完成比赛的时候，意想不到的事情发生了。A.remembering记住；B.trying尝试；C.hesitating犹豫；D.pretending假装。由下文“tofinishtherace”可知，她努力试图完成比赛，故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在她试图完成比赛的时候，意想不到的事情发生了。A.dishonest不诚实的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unexpected想不到的；D.inessential无关紧要的。下文“Agirlwasnot