科技论文摘要-英

作业1.大田条件下，模拟20%的平流层臭氧层衰减时辐射到地表的紫外线B(UVB,280~320nm)的增强，研究了10个大豆〔Gycinemax(L.)Merr.〕品种根、茎、叶和种子的稳定碳同位素组成〔δ13C〕、生物量、产量和收获指数的变化，UV-B辐射增加使所有品种的总生物量和产量分别平均下降24.2%和23.3%，10个品种的收获指数平均提高1.39%。其中6个品种的收获中指数增加，4个减少；与对照相比，UV-B作用下9个品种叶、茎、根和种子中稳定碳同位素〔δ13C值〕组成降低，一个品种“8907-32〞各器官稳定碳同位素组成增加。δ13C值存在器官差异，10个品种的对照组和处理组的δ13C平均值由大到小的顺序是根、茎、种子和叶；结果说明，UV-B可能导致大豆代谢过程及代谢产物的分配发生变化。EffectofenhancedUV-Bradiationongrowth,yieldandstablecarbonisotopecompositioninGlycinemaxAbstract:Effectsofenhancedultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiationongrowth,yieldandstablecarbonisotopecomposition(Cvalue)intencultivarsofGlycinemax(L.)Merr.wereinvestigatedunderfieldconditions.Supplemental〔追加的)UV-Birradiationsimulated〔模拟〕a20%stratosphericozonedepletion.UV-Bradiationreducedbiomassandyieldinallsoybeancultivarsby24.2%and23.3%,respectively.However,theaverageharvestindexincreasedin6oftensoybeancultivarsbutreducedin4cultivars,theaverageincrementwas1.39%.Ascomparedwithcontrol,thedecreaseinδ13CvaluebyUV-Bwasobservedinmostcultivars,exceptincultivar“8907-32〞increasewasfound.TherewerealsoorgandifferencesofstablecarbonisotopecompositionunderenhancedUV-Birradiation.δ13Cofrootswasthehighestandofleaveswasthelowest,andδ13Cvalueinstemwashigherthaninseeds.TheresultsindicatedthatUV-Benhancementmightchangethemetabolicprocessandtheallocationofmetabolite.Keywords:UV-Bradiation,growth,yield,δ13Cvalue,GlycineIdentifyandCorrecttheerrors1.大田条件下，模拟20%的平流层臭氧层衰减时辐射到地表的紫外线B(UVB,280~320nm)的增强，研究了10个大豆〔Gycinemax(L.)Merr.〕品种根、茎、叶和种子的稳定碳同位素组成〔δ13C〕、生物量、产量和收获指数的变化，Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsofenhancedultraviolet_B(UV_B)radiationongrowth,yieldandstablecarbonisotopecomposition(δ13Cvalue)intencultivarsofGlycinemax(L.)Merr.bysimulatinga20%stratosphericozonedepletionunderfieldconditions.SimulatingaconditionwhereultravioletrayBradiationtothesurfaceisenhancedwhena20%stratosphereozonelayerisweakening.Effectsofenhancedultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiationongrowth,fieldandstablecarbonisotopecomposition(Cvalue)intencultivarsofGlycinemax(L.)Merr.wereinvestigatedunderfieldconditions.Supplemental〔追加的)UV-Birradiationsimulated〔模拟〕a20%stratosphericozonedepletion.2.与对照相比，UV-B作用下9个品种叶、茎、根和种子中稳定碳同位素〔δ13C值〕组成降低，一个品种“8907-32〞各器官稳定碳同位素组成增加。Comparingwithcontrol,thedecreaseinδ13CvaluebyUV_Bwasobservedinmostcultivarsexcept“8907_32〞.besidesSixspeciesoftheharvestindexincreased,fourdecrease:Comparedwiththecontrol,decreaseinδ13CvalueunderUV-Bwasdetectedinninecultivars’leaf、stem、rootandseed,otherthanincutlivar“8907-32〞increasewasfound.;Ascomparedwithcontrol,thedecreaseinδ13CvaluebyUV-Bwasobservedinmostcultivars,exceptincultivar“8907-32〞increasewasfound.UV-B辐射增加使所有品种的总生物量和产量分别平均下降24.2%和23.3%，10个品种的收获指数平均提高1.39%。其中6个品种的收获中指数增加，4个减少；

However,theexperimentincluding10varietiesharvestindex,theaverageincrementwas1.39%.

However,theaverageharvestindexincreasedin6oftensoybeancultivarsbutreducedin4cultivars,theaverageincrementwas1.39%.

2.利用241个重组自交系构成的群体，对水稻〔OryzasativaL.〕株高和抽穗期进行基因定位。三年共定位到4个抽穗期的数量性状基因〔QTLs〕和4个株高QTLs，其中位于第7染色体C1023-R1440区间的QTL3年均可检测到，且效应大，同时影响株高和抽穗期。为了区分这个区间的QTL是一因多效还是紧密连锁的两个QTL，从自交系群体里选取QTL区间来自明恢63，其他遗传背景与珍汕97高度相似的自交系RIL50与珍汕97回交，获得含有363个单株的近等基因系BC1F2群体。考察株高和抽穗期，两个性状在群体里表现为双峰分布，它们的别离比符合期望的单基因孟德尔遗传别离比。BC1F2群体单株的株高和抽穗期根本表现为矮秆早抽穗，高秆迟抽穗，但是，6个单株表现相反的情况。以上结果证明，QTL能够作为孟德尔因子进行研究。在BC1F2群体里，株高和抽穗期是由单个基因控制的，第7染色体上是两个紧密连锁的基因分别控制株高和抽穗期。②Mappingandisolationofquantitativetraitloci(数量性状基因〕controllingplantheightandheadingdateinriceKeywords:rice,recombinantinbredlinepopulation〔重组自交系群体〕,headingdate,plantheight,QTL-nearisogenicline〔近等基因系〕,Mendelianfactors(孟德尔因子)Abstract:Quantitativetraitloci〔数量性状基因〕(QTL)wereidentifiedforheadingdateandplantheightinrice(OryzasarivaL.)usingarecombinant〔重组体〕inbredlinepopulationconsistingof241lines.Totally4QTLsforheadingdateand4QTLsforplantheightweredetectedinthreeyears.TheQTLwithlargeeffectslocatedintheintervalC1023-R1440onchromosome7〔[生物]染色体〕wassimultaneouslydetectedinthreeyearsforbothtraits.InordertodistinguishtheintervalwhethercontainedoneQTLwithpleiotropy〔[生]基因多效性,多向性〕effectortwocloselinkedQTLs,arecombinantlineRIL50,whosegeneticbackgroundwashighsimilartoZhenhan97excepttheregionscoveredthemajorQTLfromMinghui63,wasselectedtocrosswithZhenhan97.ABC1F2populationfromthecross,whichcouldberegardedasnearisogeniclines(NIL)〔近等基因系〕withthetargetedQTL(QTL-NIL),wasusedtocollectheadingdateandplantheightdata.ThefrequencydistributionofthetwotraitsintheBC1F2populationwasbimodal〔双峰的〕,andtheirsegregationratioswereinaccordancewiththeexpectedMendelianinheritanceratios.Normally，theshortplantsfloweredearlyinthepopulation,thehighplantswithlateheadingdale,buttherelationshipsbetweentheplantheightandtheheadingdateof6plansconflictedwiththecase.TheaboveresultsclearlydemonstratedthatQTLcouldbetreatedassingleMendelianfactor.Moreover,therearetwocloselinkedgenescontrollingtheheadingdateandtheplantheightonchromosome7,respectively.IdentifyandCorrecttheerrors1.其中位于第7染色体C1023-R1440区间的QTL3年均可检测到，且效应大，同时影响株高和抽穗期。TheQTLwhichhaslargeeffectsforheadingstageandplantheightlocatedintheintervalC1023-R1440onchromosome7weresimultaneouslydetectedinthreeyears.TheQTLwithlargeeffectslocatedintheintervalC1023-R1440onchromosome7〔[生物]染色体〕wassimultaneouslydetectedinthreeyearsforbothtraits.2.为了区分这个区间的QTL是一因多效还是紧密连锁的两个QTL，从自交系群体里选取QTL区间来自明恢63，其他遗传背景与珍汕97高度相似的自交系RIL50与珍汕97回交，获得含有363个单株的近等基因系BC1F2群体。InordertodistinguishedtheintervalwhethercontainedoneQTLwithpleiotropyeffectortwocloselinkedQTLs,arecombinantlineRIL50,whichthegeneticbackgroundwashighsimilartozhenshan97andtheregionscoveredtheQTLfromminghui63,wasselectedtohybridizewithzhenshan97,ABC1F2populationthatcontained363plantsfromthehybridization,Whichcouldberegardedasnearisogeniclines(NIL)withthetargetedQTL(QTL-NIL).InordertodistinguishtheintervalwhethercontainedoneQTLwithpleiotropy〔[生]基因多效性,多向性〕effectortwocloselinkedQTLs,arecombinantlineRIL50,whosegeneticbackgroundwashighsimilartoZhenhan97excepttheregionscoveredthemajorQTLfromMinghui63,wasselectedtocrosswithZhenhan97.ABC1F2populationfromthecross,whichcouldberegardedasnearisogeniclines(NIL)〔近等基因系〕withthetargetedQTL(QTL-NIL),wasusedtocollectheadingdateandplantheightdata.3.对福建省10个主栽橄榄品种果实在8℃、RH85%贮藏条件下的果实失重率及贮藏温度〔2℃、10℃、20℃、1℃室温〕、贮藏时间及包装对果实失重率的影响进行研究。结果说明，橄榄各品种随贮藏天数的增加，果实失重率呈线性增加；供试的10个橄榄品种，以中长营最易失水，福州品种群太长营、中长营、小长营较容易失水，莆仙品种群厝后本、刘族本保水性能较好，其中刘族本果实失重率显著〔P＜0.05〕地低于其他品种果实。没有包装的檀香橄榄果实失重率与贮藏温度、贮藏时间呈显著〔P＜0.05〕正相关，即橄榄果实失重率随贮藏温度升高〔相关系数，r=0.9560~0.9999〕，贮藏时间延长〔r=0.9692~0.9960〕而增加，且它们间存在互作效应，橄榄不同品种与贮藏时间之间也存在互作效应。用0.04mm厚聚乙烯膜袋包装，可有效地控制橄榄果实的自然失水，与对照组没有包装间存在极显著〔P＜0.01)差异，因而延长了橄榄果实的贮藏期。FactorsinfluencinglosingweightofChineseolivefruitsduringcoldstorageAbstract:ThefruitweightlossrateoftenchiefcultivarsofChineseolive[Cariumalbum(Lour.)Raeusch]inFujianProvince,andeffectsofstoragetemperatures(2℃,6℃,10℃,and20±℃),storagetimeandpackageontheweightlossesofthefruitswereinvestigatedunderthespecificstorageconditionsof8℃,85%relativehumidity.Resultsshowedthatfruitweightlossesofthetencultivarswerelinearlyincreasedwiththeincreaseofstoragetime.ChineseolivecultivarZhongchangyingwastheeasiestlosingweighttypeamongthetestedcultivars.Dachangying,ZhongchangyingandXiaochangying,belongingtothevarietygroupofFuzhou,werethesecondlosingweight.TheeasttypesvarietyCuohouben,andLiuben,belongingtothevarietygroupofPuxianshowedbetterwater-preservationproperty.TheweightlossrateofLiuzubenwassignificantlylessthanthatoftheothercultivars(P＜0.05〕.TheweightlossrateofTanxiangunpackedwassignificantlyinpositivewiththestoragetemperatureandtime＜0.05)(r=0.9560～0.9999andr=0.9652～0.9960respectively).Furthermore,therewereinteractionsbetweenstoragetemperatureandstoragetime,However,polyethylene〔聚乙烯〕(PE)filmpackagecouldefficientlydecreasethelossofmoisture.Therewasasignificantdifference(P＜0.01)betweenpackagedandunpackagedtreatments.Therefore,thePEpackagecouldprolongthestoragelifeofChineseolivefruits.Keywords:Chineseolivefruits,losingweightrate,cultivars,storagetemperature,storagetime,package.IdentifyandCorrecttheerrors1.对福建省10个主栽橄榄品种果实在8℃、RH85%贮藏条件下的果实失重率及贮藏温度〔2℃、10℃、20℃、1℃室温〕、贮藏时间及包装对果实失重率的影响进行研究。Thispaperstudyontheweightlossrateof10kindsofoliveinFujianProvinceundertheconditionof8℃、RH85%.ThefruitweightlossrateoftenchiefcultivarsofChineseolive[Cariumalbum(Lour.)Raeusch]inFujianProvince,andeffectsofstoragetemperatures(2℃,6℃,10℃,and20±℃),storagetimeandpackageontheweightlossesofthefruitswereinvestigatedunderthespecificstorageconditionsof8℃,85%relativehumidity.2.结果说明，橄榄各品种随贮藏天数的增加，果实失重率呈线性增加；供试的10个橄榄品种，以中长营最易失水，福州品种群太长营、中长营、小长营较容易失水，莆仙品种群厝后本、刘族本保水性能较好，其中刘族本果实失重率显著〔P＜0.05〕地低于其他品种果实。AllofthemVarietyZhongchangyingiseasiesttolosewater.Vrivety.Cuohouben,andVariety.Liuzuben,belongingtothegroupvarietyofPuxianhadbetterwater-preservationproperty;thefruitweightlossofVariety.Liuzubenwassignificantlylowerthanothervarieties(P<0.05).TheeasttypesvarietyCuoho