高二英语教师用书：UnitSectionⅣUsingLanguage

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P7教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意1．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Copernicus'revolutionarytheoryandhiscontributiontothefieldofastronomy.B．Theearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem。C．Thehistoryofastronomy.D．Copernicus—agreatscientist.2．(1)Para.1 A．Newobservationsdidn'tagreewiththe oldtheoryabouttheearth.(2)Para。2 B．Copernicus'theoryisthebasisof modernscienceabouttheuniverse。(3）Para.3 C．Copernicuswaspuzzledashefound theearthwasnotthecentreofthesolar system.（4）Para.4 D．Copernicus'newtheorythatthesun wasthecentrecouldexplainallthe phenomena.（5）Para。5 E．Copernicusimprovedhistheoryby collectingobservationsandusinghis mathematicalknowledge。[答案]1。A2.(1)－(5）CAEDB第二步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P7教材课文，选择最佳答案1．Copernicusfeltconfusedandfrightened,because．A．hisconclusionwasagainstthatoftheChristianChurchB．hiscalculationswerewrongC．hisfindingswerefortheChristianChurchD．hefailedtoprovehistheory2．Thetheorythattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniversecouldn’texplainthat．A．GodhadmadetheworldB．alltheplanetsmovedaroundtheearthC．someplanetsappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothersD．theChristianChurchwaspowerful3．ItwasobviousthatCopernicusreachedhisconclusionby．A．reasoningandimaginationB．observationandcalculationC．observationandimaginationD．calculationandimagination4．What'stheChristianChurch'sattitudetowardsCopernicus'theory?A．TheChristianChurchobjectedtohistheory。B．TheChristianChurchwasinfavourofhistheory.C．TheChristianChurchpaidmuchattentiontohistheory。D．TheChristianChurchthoughthighlyofhistheory。5．WhydoesthewritersaythatitwasrightforCopernicustobecareful?A．BecausetheChristianChurchwouldhaveattackedhimifhehadpublishedhisideas.B．Becausescienceneedsone’scautionandcarefulness。C．BecauseCopernicusneededfurtherproofsbeforeheannouncedhistheories.D．Becausenoneofthepeopleofhistimewouldhavebelievedinhisideas。［答案］1－5ACBAA第三步研读——能力升华接轨高考根据P7教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Therewasatime1.whenthepowerfulChristianChurchbelievedGodhadmadetheworld。Itwasbecauseofthatreason2。thattheearthwasthought3.tobe(be)thecentreofthesolarsystem.Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardaboutitand4。tried（try）tofindananswer.However，allhismathematical5。calculations（calculation)ledtothesameconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem。Whenheplaceda6.fixed（fix）sunatthecentreofthesolarsystem,the7.movement(move）oftheotherplanets8.made（make)sense。TheChristianChurchrejected9。his（he)theory。Buthistheoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniverse10.arebuilt(build).Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Theyhaveworkedwonderswithkidsthatotherschoolshadrejected(拒绝）．2．IbelievethattheInternethaspositive（积极的)effectsonourlives。3．Theenginestopped.Theboatspun(旋转）likeatopandahugewavecameatme.4．Hisresearchhascontributedgreatlytoourunderstandingofthisdisease。5．Youmustbecautiouswhileyouarevisitinginazoo，forsomeanimalsarefierce!6．Theboystaredatthesky，wonderinghowtheuniversecameintobeing。Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示,写出下列单词1．movev.移动,搬动→movementn。移动;运动；动作2．constructvt.建设；修建→constructionn.建设；建筑物3．enthusiasticadj。热情的;热心的→enthusiasmn。热心；热情Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．apartfrom 除……之外;此外2．(be)strictwith。。。 对……严格的3．makesense 讲得通；有意义4．leadto 通向；导致5．contributeto 有助于；捐献；对……起作用；促成Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Higherwagesdriveupthecostofproduction，leadingtohigherprices。2．Ireallythinkhisreasonfordoingitmakessense．3．Whichbookswillyouborrow，apartfromthisone?4．Doessmokingcontributetolungcancer？背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1。Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。onlyif。。。置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装Onlyifyouworkhardcanyouachieveyourgoal。只有努力学习，你才能实现目标。2.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.于是，他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究,逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。现在分词作伴随状语Sarahpretendedtobecheerful，sayingnothingabouttheargument。莎拉假装很兴奋，对争吵的事一字未提。3.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。with复合结构作伴随状语Shewentshoppingwithherdaughtergoingwithher。在女儿的陪同下，她去购物了。constructionn.结构；建设；建筑物;解释；意义（教材P4）Lookatthesesimpleverbsandmakeanotherconstructionusingmake＋a＋noun.看这些简单的动词,并用“make＋a＋名词”构成另一个结构。（1）(be)underconstruction 正在建设中；在施工(2)constructvt. 建筑；建设；修建；组成(3）constructiveadj. 建设性的；有助于的;积极的（4)constructorn. 建筑者；制造者①It’sdangeroustogetclosetothebuildingunderconstruction。靠近正在建设中的大楼是有危险的。②Thenewairportbeingconstructedliesintheeastofthecity。正在修建的新机场位于该市东部。Theworkersareconstructingthebridgedamagedbytheflood，andthebridgeunderconstructionconnectstheroadwiththetown.工人们正在建造被洪水毁坏的那座桥，这座正在建设中的桥与通向城镇的道路相连。contributevt。&vi。捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿；发表意见（教材P4）tocontribute捐献；投稿(1)contribute..。to。。. 把……贡献给……contributeto 促进；有助于;发表意见（2)contributionn. 捐献；贡献;捐助;稿件makeacontributiontosth. 对……有贡献/给……捐助①Manywarm­heartedpeoplecontributedsomemoneytothesickgirl。许多热心肠的人为那个生病的女孩捐献了一些钱。②Hemadeanoutstandingcontribution(contribute)toscience.他对科学做出了杰出的贡献。③I’msureyoursuggestionwillcontributetosolving(solve)theproblem.我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。Thewritercontributesmostofthemoney,whichsheearnsbycontributingarticlestosomenewspapers，tosomepoorchildren。Shethinksitcontributestothechildren’shealthandeducation。这位作家把自己给一些报纸写稿挣的大部分钱捐给了一些穷孩子.她认为这有助于这些孩子的健康和教育.apartfrom除……之外;此外(教材P4)Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。［明辨异同]besides/except/apartfrom/exceptforbesides除……还有,除去的部分包括在内，表示在整体中加上一部分。相当于inadditionto/aswellas。except除……没有，除去的部分不包括在内，表示在整体中减去一部分。apartfrom有多重含义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或exceptfor，其前常加逗号或置于句首.exceptfor除去个别，整体还可以，强调“美中不足”之意.（apartfrom/besides/except/exceptfor)①Apartfrom/BesidestheirhouseinLondon，theyalsohaveavillainSpain.②Everythingwasperfectexceptfor/apartfromtheweather.③Idon'tknowmuchaboutthemanexceptthathe'safool.④TheshopisopeneverydayexceptonSundays。makesense有意义,讲得通,有道路（教材P7）Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。makesenseof.。。 弄懂……的意思makenosense 无意义inasense 在某种意义上innosense 决不;决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）there’snosenseindoingsth。 做某事是没有道理/作用的asenseofhumor/direction。.. 幽默感/方向感……①Readthissentencecarefullytoseeifitmakessense。仔细阅读一下这个句子，看是否能讲的通.②Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense—somanythingswillchange。那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。③Ican'tmakesenseofthispoem，butperhapsIwillifIreaditagain。我弄不懂这首诗的含义，但再读一遍我或许就能明白了。④There’snosenseinbuying（buy)thatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.没必要买那么贵的大衣，这些便宜点的也很好。[名师点津］makesense的主语常是“物”，而makesenseof的主语常是“人”.cautiousadj。十分小心的；谨慎的（教材P7)Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswascautious。他的朋友们都很热心并鼓励他发表他的理论，但是哥白尼很谨慎.(1）becautiousabout/of 对……谨慎becautious(not）todo... 小心（别）做……（2)cautiouslyadv. 小心地;谨慎地(3)cautionn。 小心；谨慎withcaution 小心翼翼地①Sheisverycautiousof/abouthurtinghisfeelings.她小心翼翼免得伤害他的感情。②Healwaysdrivescautiously（cautious)．＝Heisalwayscautioustodrive(drive）．＝Healwaysdriveswithcaution(cautious)．他开车一直很小心.Cautiously，shedrovehercartothemainroad。Becauseofthecrowd，shedroveallthewaywithgreatcaution．她小心翼翼地把车开到主路上。因为太拥挤，她一路上都开得很小心。(教材P7)Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚.【要点提炼】本句是一个由only修饰状语从句放在句首时引起的部分倒装句。（1)onlyif“只有,只要”，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句。（2）only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。（3)ifonly“要是……，但愿……”，后要用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况；用would/coulddo表示与将来事实相反的情况。①OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong。只有到那时我才意识到我错了.②Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem。只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。③Onlyifhegetsajobcanhehaveenoughmoneytocontinuehisstudiesatcollege.他只有找到工作才能有足够的钱来继续他大学的学业。④IfonlyIhadcome（come)hereearlier。要是我早点来就好啦。⑤IfonlyIwere（be）afamousfilmstar!要是我是个著名的电影明星就好了![名师点津］如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首主句也不倒装。Onlyshecandoitwell，forsheismoreexperienced.只有她才能把它做好，因为她更有经验。（教材P7）Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth．他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心,别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。【要点提炼】“withtheplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth”为介词with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”组成，常在句中作状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形:with＋名词（或代词）＋eq\b\lc\｛(\a\vs4\al\co1(现在分词,过去分词,形容词，介词短语,副词,动词不定式）)①Withpricesgoingupsofast，wecan'taffordluxuries。由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。②Withsomanypeopleabsent,themeetinghastobepostponed。既然这么多人没有来，会议只好延期了。③Withalotofworktodo（do)，hewasn’tallowedtogoout.因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。④Withhismotherhelping(help)him，heisgettingalongwellwithhiswork.有他母亲的帮助,他工作进展很顺利。Ⅰ。单句语法填空1．Thereisnosenseinarguing(argue）withher。2．Ibelieveeachofuscancontributetothefutureoftheworld.3．Withtimepermitting（permit)，we’llgotovisittheGreatWall。4．Apartfromthebadweather，wehadagoodtimethere。5．IfonlyIhadtaken（take)hisadviceatthattime！6．Hisnewsuggestionwasrejected(reject），whichmadehimangry。7．Alotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheconstruction(construct)ofthebridge。8．Withsomanye。mailstoanswer(answer），shehasnotimetorest。9．Thescientistiscreative(create）inhisfield。10．ThebossofMicrosoftisverystrictwiththestaff,soeveryoneinthecompanyhastobecompletelystrictintheirwork。Ⅱ。完成句子1．正是他的粗心大意造成了这次事故。Itwashiscarelessnessthatled/contributedtotheaccident．2．我的朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。Onlyaftermyfriendcamewasthecomputerrepaired．3．让孩子那样受苦没有道理。Thereisnosenseinmakingachildsufferlikethat.4．老板对承诺持谨慎态度。Thebossiscautiousof/aboutmakingpromises。5．因为有风，天气更冷了。Theweatherwasevencolderwiththewindblowing．Ⅲ。读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。AVacationwithMyMotherIhadaninterestingchildhood.Itwasfilledwithsurprisesandamusements，allbecauseofmymother—loving，sweet，yetabsent­mindedandforgetful。OnestrangefamilytripwetookwhenIwaseleventellsalotabouther。MytwosetsofgrandparentslivedinColoradoandNorthDakota，andmyparentsdecidedtospendafewweeksdrivingtothosestatesandseeingallthesightsalongtheway。Asthefirstdayofourtripapproached，David,myeight.year。oldbrother，andIunwillinglysaidgood.byetoallofourfriends.Whoknewifwe'deverseethemagain？Finally，themomentofourdeparturearrived，andweloadedsuitcases,books，games，campingequipment，andatentintothecarandbravelydroveoff。Webravelydroveoffagaintwohourslaterafterwe’dreturnedhometogetthepurseandtraveler’schecksMomhadforgotten。DavidandIwerealwaysalittlenervouswhenusinggasstationbathroomsifMomwasdrivingwhileDadslept：“Youstandoutsidethedoorandplaylookout(放哨）whileIgo，andI'llstandoutsidethedoorandplaylookoutwhileyougo。"Ihadterriblepicturesinmymind：“Honey，wherearethekids？”“What？！Oh，Gosh.。。Ithoughttheywerebeingawfullyquiet.”Wewereneveractuallyleftbehindinastrangecity，butweweren'tabouttotakeanychances。Onthefourthorfifthnight，wehadtroublefindingahotelwithavacancy。Afterdrivinginvainforsometime，Momsuddenlygotagreatidea：Whydidn'twefindahousewithalikely­lookingbackyardandaskifwecouldsetuptentthere？DavidandIbecamenervous.Toourgreatrelief,Dadturneddowntheidea。Momnevercouldunderstandourobjections（反对)．Ifastrangefamilyshoweduponherfrontdoorstep,Momwouldhavebeendelighted。Shethinkseveryoneintheworldisasniceassheis.Wefinallyfoundavacancyinthenexttown。Paragraph1：Thenextdaywerememberedthebrand.newtentwehadbroughtwithus.Paragraph2:Wedrovethroughseveralstatesandsawlotsofgreat