高二英语教师用书：UnitSectionⅢGrammar

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精过去分词作定语和表语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.2。Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.3.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon。4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.1.例句1和例句2中的affected和terrified为单个的过去分词作定语,一般放在被修饰词语之前。2。例句3和例句4中的pollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon和exposedtocholera为过去分词短语作定语，须放在被修饰词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。3。例句4中的inspired为过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征.一、过去分词作定语1．意义及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成.(1)表示被动和完成apollutedriver一条被污染的河流thewateredflowers浇过水的花（2)只表示完成,不表示被动fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起的太阳2．位置单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。Awatchedpotneverboils.[谚语］心急锅不开。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter。＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter。穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别现在分词作定语表主动或进行；过去分词作定语时则表被动或完成。意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行Asweallknow，Chinaisadevelopingcountry，whileAmericaisadevelopedcountry.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthebigtree?你认识躺在大树底下的那个男孩吗?4．三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done被动的动作已经完成beingdone被动的动作正在发生tobedone被动的动作将要发生Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant。昨天开的会很重要.Allthemembersoftheteamhaveattendedthemeetingbeingheld.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。Itissaidthatthereisameetingtobeheldinthehalltomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。［即时演练1］用所给动词的正确形式填空①Someofthepeopleinvited(invite）tothepartycan'tcome。②Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelfstanding(stand）inonecorner。③Thetreesblown（blow)downinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad。二、过去分词作表语1．意义位于系动词(如be，get，become，look,feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况,它所体现的是形容词的特性。Shelooksdisappointed。她看上去很失望。Wewereencouragedatthenews.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecupisbroken。杯子破了。（系表结构）ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被汤姆打破的.（被动语态)3．过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”Theybecamesoworriedthattheystayedawakeallnight。他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。Thesituationbecamesoworryingthatsomethingshouldbedoneatonce.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。［即时演练2]用所给动词的正确形式填空①Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.（frighten）②Thenewswasexcitingandtheywereallexcitedatit。(excite)③Weallfeltencouragedattheencouragingnews.(encourage）④Theaudiencewereallmovedtotearsbythemovingfilm。（move）单句语法填空1．BothheandIaresatisfied(satisfy)withtheresult.2．Thisisthestatueofabravesoldierseated(seat）onahorse，withagunonhisback.3．Thecarsbeingsold(sell）atthemarketnowaremadeinShanghai。4．Theairporttobecompleted(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea。5．Thepolicewillcomesoontotakeawaythedamaged（damage)car.6．Hiswordsarediscouraging，whichmademanypeoplediscouraged．(discourage)7．Georgetelephonedamancalling(call）himselfPeter。8．WhenIgothome，Ifoundthatthedoorrema