2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷12

考研外语专家预测过关卷12

一、UseofEnglish

1、CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.Almost

allmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootball,baseball,

basketbal1andhockeyprograms,and[l]millionsofdollarseach

yeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions[2]aswell,in

televisionrevenues,sponsorships.Theyalsobenefit[3]from

theaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-name

universities[4]eachotherinthemostpopularsports.Football

gamesatMichiganregularly[5]crowdsofover20,000.

Basketball'snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV

[6]onaparwithanyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates,

[7]perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduring

fallorwinteronecan[8]one'sTVsetandseethetopathletic

programs一fromschoolslikeMichigan,UCLA,DukeandStanford

--[9]infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences.

Theathletesthemselvesare[10]andprovidedwithscholarships.

Collegecoachesidentify[11]teenagersandthengointohigh

schoolsto[12]thecountryJsbestplayerstoattendtheir

universities.Therearestrictrulesabout[13]coachescan

recruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.,onlyoneofficial

visittoacampus一buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes

[14].Topcollegefootballprograms[15]scholarshipsto20

or30playerseachyear,andthosestudent-athletes,whenthey

arriveL16]campus,receivefreehousing,tuition,meals,books,

etc.

Inreturn,theplayers[17]theprogramintheirsport.Football

playersattopcolleges[18]twohoursaday,fourdaysaweek

fromJanuarytoApril.Insummer,it'sbacktostrengthand

agilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-August,whencamp

[19]andpreparationfortheopeningofthe

September-to-Decemberseasonbegins[20].Duringtheseason,

practiceslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.

Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandatedday

ofrest.

(1)

A.attribute

B.distribute

C.devote

D.attach

2、⑵

A.out

B.by

C.in

D.back

3、(3)

A.apparently

B.indirectly

C.regularly

D.greatly

4、(4)

A.competefor

B.competein

C.competeagainst

D.competeover

5、⑸

A.draw

B.amuse

C.govern

D.handle

6、(6)

A.spectator

B.spectacle

C.spectrum

3

D.speculation

7、⑺

A.save

B.including

C.even

D.and

8、(8)

A.flickon

B.flapat

C.flingaway

D.flushout

9、(9)

A.fighting

B.campaigning

C.battling

D.contesting

10、(10)

A.recruited

B.reconciled

C.rectified

D.reserved

IK(H)

4

A.promising

B.pleasing

C.prominent

D.professional

12、(12)

A.contrive

B.convince

C.convert

D.convict

13、(13)

A.which

B.what

C.how

D.whether

14、(14)

A.ignored

B.neglected

C.remembered

D.noticed

15、(15)

A.offer

B.afford

5

C.prize

D.reward

16、(16)

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.around

17、(17)

A.committhemselvesto

B.committhemselveson

C.commutethemselvesto

D.complythemselvesto

18、(18)

A.workin

B.workout

C.workover

D.workoff

19、(19)

A.recalls

B.enlists

C.convenes

D.collects

6

20、(20)

A.inprinciple

B.inconfidence

C.inname

D.inearnest

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Youknowyoushoulddoit,otherpeopledoitallthetime.Maybe

you'vealreadydoneitbutitwasn'tverysatisfying,andyou'd

liketolearntodoitbetter.

I'mtalking,ofcourse,abouthavingabusinesslunch.

Don'tfeelembarrassedifyouareuncomfortablewiththeidea

ofsittingoveragrilledchickenbreast,talkingtoa

prospectiveclient.

Mostinexperienced,overeagerlaunchersbelievethemain

purposeofabusinesslunchistoeither(a)conductbusiness

or(b)eatlunch,andthey，reunsurehowtomixthetwo.Don't

worry!Businesslunchesaren'tabouteitherbusinessorlunch,

they'reaboutbuildingrelationships.

Oneofmybusinessrulesis“Peopledobusinesswithpeoplethey

like.

Often,it'snotproducts,prices,orthecompanythatmakesthe

sale一it'sthepersonBusinesslunchesaretheperfecttimefor

youandyourclient,supplier,oremployeetogettoknoweach

otheraspeople.Thishelpsestablishcommoninterestsand

makesworkingtogethereasier.

Thesinglemostimportantthingyoucandoatabusiness

lunch一evenmoreimportantthanpickingupthetab一islisten.

Youdon，tneedaparticularreasontoasksomeonetolunch,so

don'twaituntilforacertainoccasionorissue.

Don'tmakeitseemlikelunchisgoingtobeasalescall.

Instead,trythestraightforwardapproach,"We'vebeendoing

businesstogetherforalmostayear.I'dliketotakeyouto

lunchandgettoknowyoualittlebetter.z，Oralittleless

straightforward,"I'mofteninyourarea,howabouthaving

lunchsometime?”

Havetheotherpersonsuggestaplacetoeat-“Istherea

restaurantyou,vebeenwantingtotry?”Orifyouhavealimited

budget,youchooseanicemidpricedrestaurant.Forget

McDonald's.Ifyou'rethankingsomeoneforanimportantorder,

takethemtoareallyspecial,possiblynew,restaurant.

Ifyoudidtheinviting,youpickupthetab,evenifyourguest

不_____Q

q8

says,“Icanputthisonmycompany'screditcard.z/Butdon，t

haveascenearguingoverthecheck.Youcanjustsay,“Youcan

getthenextone."Somecompanieshavepoliciesthatdon't

permitemployeestobetreated;inthatcase,splitthetab.

Abusinesslunchcanbeviewedassuccessfulif.

A.goodrelationshipisestablished

B.theclientdoesnothavetopay

C.theclientlikesthefoodextremely

D.businessistoucheduponduringthelunch

2、

Accordingtothewriter,onecanoffertoinviteacliento

lunch.

A.whentherearesalestobedone

B.whentheclientfeelshungry

C.atanordinaryweekend

D.ontheclient'sbirthday

3、

Duringabusinesslunchit'simportantto.

A.makeadealwiththeclient

B.ordernice,expensivefood

C.beagoodlistener

D.inquireaftertheclient，shealth

4、

Thefollowingplacesmightbegoodchoicesforabusinesslunch

except.

A.nice,mid-pricedrestaurants

B.fastfoodstores

C.newlyopenedrestaurants

D.arestaurantthattheclientprefers

5、

Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulbusinessmanshould

know.

A.howtooffertopayforabusinesslunch

B.whatkindoffoodisnice,yetinexpensive

C.howtomakefriendswithclients

D.whichrestaurantsoffernicefood

6、IntheUSA,85%ofthepopulationovertheageif21approve

ofthedeathpenalty.Inthemanystateswhcihstillhavethe

deathpenalty,someusetheelectricchair,whichcantakeup

to20minutestokill,whileothersusegasorlethalinjection.

ThefirstofthesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashanged

forshootingherloverinwhatwasgenerallyregardedasacrime

ofpassion.Thesecondwashangedformurderswhich,itwas

laterproved,hadbeencommittedbysomeoneelse.

Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportits

callforthereintroductionofcapitalpunishment.Firstthere

isthedeterrencetheory,whicharguesthatpotentialmurderers

wouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthat

theymightdieiftheywerecaught.Thearmedbankrobbermight,

likewise,gobacktobeingunarmed.

Theothertwoargumentsaremoresuspect.Theideaof

retributiondemandsthatcriminalsshouldgetwhattheydeserve:

ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommitacrime,heshould

accepttheconsequences.Retribution,whichisjustanother

wordforrevenge,issupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofan

eyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.

Theargumentsagainstthedeathpenaltyarelargely

humanitarian.Buttherearealsostatisticalreasonsfor

opposingit:thedeterrencefiguresdonotaddup.In

Britain,1903wasthetherecordyearforexecutionsandyetin

1904thenumberofmurdersactuallyrose.Therewasasimilar

occurrencein1946and1947.Ifthedeterrencetheorywere

correct,therateshouldhavefallen.

Theotherreasonstoopposethedeathpenaltyarelargelya

matherofindividualconscienceandbelief.Oneisthatmurder

ismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerighttotakealifer

thantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvises

forgiveness,notrevenge.

Al1ofthefollowingdeathpenaltymethodsarementionedin

thepassageEXCEPT.

A.theelectricchair

B.thelethalinjection

C.thepoisonousgas

D.theshooting

7、

Accordingtothefirstfourparagraphs,whichofthefollowing

statementsisNOTcorrect?

A.RuthElliswasshotbyhislover,whichwasregardedasa

crimeofpassion.

B.Thedeathpenaltymayhelpthepotentialmurderersto

arousemoralawareness.

C.Theintentionalmurderershouldeathisownbitterfruit.

D.Accordingtothereligiousdoctrine,punishmentshouldbe

assevereastheinjurysuffere.

8、

Inparagraph3,“deterrence〃means.

A.proclamation

B.portes

C.prevention

D.protection

9、

Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

A.neitherthestatenortheindividualhastherighttotake

alife

B.thesatehastherighttotakealifebuttheindividual

doesnot

C.thedeathpenaltyhasnothingtodowithindividual

conscienceandbelief

D.thedeterrencefigureshaveaddedupandtheexecutionrate

hasfallen

10、

Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theargumentinfavorofthedeathpenalty

B.theargumentagainstthedeathpenalty

C.theargumentabouttheabolitionofthedeathpenalty

D.theargumentaboutthereintroductionofthedeathpenalty

11、Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearly

developmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwho

wasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits

(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)

andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicsto

increasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.The

influenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,is

representedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,

ordering,andthetakingofcensuses一allofwhichledtomodem

descriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercame

modeminferenticalstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyon

theoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,and

describingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeither

quantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,or

gradelevel一variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlying

continuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariable,such

assex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.

Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof

summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.

Descriptivestatisticsistoolfordescribingorsummarizing

orreducingtocomprehensibleform,thepropertiesofan

otherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsfor

solvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreat

difficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassof

problemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake

predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,a

schoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionof

childreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithout

breakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Having

alittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknow

thatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;

theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimated

fairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,

thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimate

characteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthe

characteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

Whichofthefollowingarecountinganddescribingassociated

with?

A.Descriptivestatistics

B.Unknownvariables

C.Qualitativechanges

D.Inferentialstatistics

12、

Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother"and"father"inthe

firstparagraph?

A.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousand

understandableway

B.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildren

statistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Tointroduceinferenticalstatistics

13、

Whichofthefollowingistrueofdescriptivestatistics?

A.Itleadstoincreasedvariability

B.Itsolvesal1numericalproblems

C.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables

14、

Whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

A.Totabulatecollectionsofdata

B.Tocomparedifferentgroups

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables

D.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

15、

Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.HowtoUseDescriptiveStatistics

B.ApplicationsofInferentialStatistics

C.TheDevelopmentandUseofStatistics

D.TheDrawbacksofDescriptiveandInferentialStatistics

16、Formillionsofyearsbeforetheappearanceofthe

electriclight,shiftwork,allnightcableTVandtheInternet,

Earth,screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableand

reassuring24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetfor

thisdailycycle.Simplyput,ourbodieswanttosleepatnight

andbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenandmenneedbetween

eightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunction

properlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbelief,

humansdon，tneedlesssleepastheyage.)

Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalf

hourspernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehourstheyaveraged

in1910.What'sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansget

lessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formost

people,that,snotnearlyenough.

FindingwaystogetmoreandbetterSleepcanbeachallenge.

Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleep

disorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmany

problemsarecausedbystayinguplateandsleepingin,by

travelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.

Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearch

CenterinDenversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosed

asotherdiscomforts.Aboutonethirdofthepatientsreferred

tohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndromeactuallyhave

treatablesleepdisorders.''Beforewedoanythingelse,welook

attheirsleep,“Jonessays.

Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeoplewouldbenefitfromagood

lookattheirsleeppatterns."Mymottois'Sleep

defensively',"saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.She

sayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,even

ifitmeansgivingupotherthings.Sleeproutines—likegoing

tobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday一areimportant.

Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithElaner,

whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestyle,

changes一avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,exercisinghours

beforebedtime,relaxingwithahotbath一yieldbettersleep.

WhatisTRUEofhumansleep?

A.Mostpeopleneedlesssleepwhentheygrowolder.

B.Mostpeopleneedsevenandahalfhoursofsleepeverynight.

C.Onaverage,peopleintheU.S.todaysleeplesspernight

thantheyusedto.

D.Formostpeople,lessthansixhoursofsleeponatypical

worknightisenough.

17、

Forourbodiestofunctionproperly,weshould.

A.sleepforatleasteighthourspernight

B.believethatweneedlesssleepasweage

C.adjustouractivitiestothenewinventions

D.beabletopredicttherhythmsofourbiologicalclocks

18、

Accordingtotheauthor,manysleepingdisordersarecaused

by.

A.otherdiseases

B.pre-bedtimeexercises

C.impropersleeppatterns

D.chronicfatiguesyndrome

19、

Whichofthefollowingmeasurescanhelpyousleepbetter?

A.Stayinguplate.

B.Takingahotbath.

C.Havinglatemeals.

D.Travelingbetweentimezones.

20、

“Sleepdefensively"meansthat.

A.peopleshouldgotoadoctorandhavetheirproblems

diagnosed

B.peopleshouldexerciseimmediatelybeforegoingtobed

everynight

C.peopleshouldsacrificeotherthingstogetenoughsleep

ifnecessary

D.peopleshouldgiveupgoingtobedandgettingupatthe

sametimeeveryday.

21、PartB(10points)

Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthe

cornfield!(41)PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittle

Monsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallover

theworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthat

peoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning.

Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Some

havebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalled

deadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmelted

rockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowed

onthequietslopes,andpeoplehavebuilthousesthere.

Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrock,butthey

stillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping“volcanoes.

Sometimetheymay"wakeup”.

(42).

Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywere

alongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhat

theydo,andwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.

(43).

Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.

Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthe

dragon，sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythe

dragon,smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthis

isnottrue.

Another

thingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon，thappenjustanywhere.

(44).Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesare,andmaps

havebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow.

Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodeso

violentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmiles

away.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatal1

thewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenand

thesnowpurple.

(45).

Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.

Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuse

itforalighthouse.

[A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheir

conesandoverflows,rollingslowlydownthemountainside,

whereitbecomescoolandhard.

[B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.

Hotrockandfireandlavashotout.

[C]Smokepuffedup,androckstartedpoppingupoutofacrack

thatopenedintheground.

[D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.But

itwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburied

thebuildingsoftwocities.

[E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesup,itusuallymakesanoise

likefarawaythunder,andthegroundshakesinsmall

earthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely.

[F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhot

rockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Far,farundertheground

itissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrock,orlava,

issome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrack

intheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout.

[G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockis

brokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetothe

outsidemoreeasily.

(41)

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)