高中英语定语从句课件

HighSchoolEnglishAttributiveClauseCoursewareOverviewofrelevantclausesAttributiveclaimsguidedbyrelativepronounsObjectiveclaimsguidedbyrelevantadvisorsRestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclausescontents目录EllipsisofrelevantclausesAnalysisofDifferencesinObjectiveClausecontents目录Overviewofrelevantclauses01Thedefinitionofattributeclauses01Definition:Anattributiveclauseisaclausethatmodifiesanounorpronountoprovideadditionalinformationaboutit02Example:"Thecarthatwedroppedtothemountainswasred."03Thecaristhenounbeingmodifiedbytheclause"thatwedroppedtothemountains."04Theclause"thatwedroppedtothemountains"providesadditionalinformationaboutthecarFunction:ThefunctionofanattributiveclauseistoprovidespecificinformationaboutanounorpronoontohelpthereaderorlistenerunderstanditbetterThefunctionofrelevantclausesThefunctionoftheclause"whenwewenttothebeach"istoprovidespecificinformationaboutthedayIthelpsthelistenerunderstandwhichdaythespeakerisrememberingExample:"Irememberthedaywhenwewenttothebeach."ThefunctionofrelevantclausesTherearetwotypesofrelevantclauses:definingandnondefiningClassificationTheseclausesdefineoridentifythenounorpronountheymodifyDefiningrelevantclausesClassificationofrelevantclausesExample:"Thecarthatwebounceisred."Theclause"thatweshould"defineoridentifythecarWeknowexactlywhichcarisbeingreferredtobecauseoftheclauseClassificationofrelevantclausesNondefiningrelevantclauses:TheseclausesprovideadditionalinformationaboutthenounorpronounbutdonotdefineoridentifyitClassificationofrelevantclausesExample:"Thecar,whichwebore,isred."TheclauseprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthecarbutdoesnotdefineoridentifyitWestillknowwhichcarisbeingreferredtobecauseofthecontextbutnotbecauseoftheclaimitselfClassificationofrelevantclausesAttributiveclaimsguidedbyrelativepronouns02ThatasapronounThatisoftenusedasapronouninattributiveclausesItcanreplacethesubjectorobjectoftheclauseThatasacompletionInsomecases,thatisusedasacompletionintheclause,usuallytoprovideadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectTheusageofthatWhichasapronounWhichisoftenusedasapronouninattributiveclausesItcanreplacethesubjectorobjectoftheclauseWhichasacompletionInsomecases,whichisusedasacompletionintheclause,usuallytoprovideadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectTheusageofwhichUsingwhichWhatisbeingusedasapositivepublicityinattributiveclausesItisusedtoshowsessionorownershipofsomethingWhatisusedasanintergovernmentalproposalintheclause,commonlytoaskaboutpositionorownershipofsomethingObjectiveclaimsguidedbyrelevantadvisors03WhenisusedtoindicateatimeorconditionthatisrelevanttothenounorpronounitmodificationsWhenusedinobjectiveclauses"Irememberthedaywhenmygrandfatherdied."Inthissentence,"when"isusedtospecifythetimewhenmygrandfatherdiedExamplesentenceUsingwhen'Where'isusedinobjectiveclausestoindicateaplaceorlocationExamplesentence:"Iwouldliketogototheplacewheremyparentsmet."Inthissentence,"where"specifiesthelocationwheremyparentsmet'Where'canalsobeusedtoaskquestionsaboutlocationExamplesentence:"Whereareyougoing?"Thisquestionuses"where"toinquireaboutthedestinationTheusageof'where'VS'Why'isusedinobjectiveclausestoindicatethereasonorcauseofsomethingExamplesentence:"Iamhappybecausemyfavoriteteamwon'tbethegame."Inthissentence,"because"specifiesthereasonwhyIamhappyTheuseofwhyRestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses04DefinitionArestrictiveattributiveclauseisagroupofwordsthatdescribeanounbyadvancingessentialinformationaboutitExample"ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."Inthisexample,theclause"ThatIborrowedfromthelibrary"isarestrictiveattributeclausebecauseitprovidesessentialinformationaboutthebookRestrictiveattributeclauseAnonrestrictiveattributiveclauseisagroupofwordsthatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanounbutdonotaffectthemeaningofthesentence"John,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor."Inthisexample,theclause"wholivesinNewYork"isanonrestrictiveattributiveclausebecauseitprovidesadditionalinformationaboutJohnbutdoesnotaffectthemeaningofthesentenceDefinitionExampleNonrestrictiveattributeclauseEllipsisofrelevantclauses05Definition:InEnglish,relativepronouns(suchas"who","who","who",etc.)areoftenomitted,especiallyininformalwriting.example+Officialstyle:ThemanwhoImetyesterdayisateacher+Informalstyle:ThemanImetyesterdayisateacherNote:Afteromittingrelativepronouns,thesentencestructureremainsintact,butitmayleadtoamoreconciseorcolloquialsentence.0102030405EllipsisofrelativepronounsDefinition:Insomecases,relativeadverbs(suchas"where","when","why",etc.)mayalsobeomitted.Ellipsisofrelativeadvisorsexample+Officialstyle:Theplacewherewehavethepicnicisbeautiful+Informalstyle:TheplacewehavethepicnicisbeautifulNote:Afteromittingrelativeadverbs,theamountofinformationinthesentencemaydecrease,butitcanstillconveythebasicmeaning.Informalwriting,relativeadverbsareusuallynotomitted.EllipsisofrelativeadvisorsAnalysisofDifferencesinObjectiveClause06Identifythesubject,predicate,andobjectofthepresencetodeterminetherelationshipbetweenthedifferentpartsofthepresenceSentencestructureDifferentbetweensubordinateclausesandindependentclauses,andidentifythefunctionofeachclauseinthepresenceSubordinateclausesAnalyzetherelationshipbetweenthemainclauseandthesubborderclause,anddeterminethemeaningofthepresenceasawholeComplexsensesAnalysisofcomplexpresencepatternsRelativeclausesvs.AdjectiveclausesDifferentbetweenrelativeclausesandadvisoryclauses,andidentifytheircorrespondingfunctionsinthepresencePositionofa