《英语（二）》全国高等教育自学考试预测试卷三

《英语（二）》全国高等教育自学考试预测试卷三

［问答题］1.自信的价值不言而喻，在我们面临一个个挑战时，正是因为拥有了

自信，我们才拥有了最终的成功。请以TheValueofSelf­

confidence为题写一篇能够体现自信价值的，150词左右的英语短文。

参考答案：TheValueofSelf-confidence

Myfriendsoftenaskme,“Joe,whyareyousocarefreeallthetime?

“Theanswerisquitesimple.Iowemylight-heartedattitudetoself­

confidence.

IrememberthefirsttimeIparticipatedinanEnglish

competition.Threeyearsago,myclassmateschosemetospeakinan

Englishcompetitionatourschool.WhenIwentonstage,Ihad

butterfliesinmystomach.Suddenly,mymother?swordscamebackto

me:“Ifyouwanttodosomething,itcostsnothingbutself-

confidence.''SinceIwaschosentobethere,itmeantImusthavethe

abilitytosucceed.z，takeiteasy”,Isaidsilently."Youhaveprepared

forthiscompetitionforthreemonths.Youarethebest”.Strangely,my

nervousnessvanishedafterIspoketomyselfwithsuchconfidence.I

begantospeakonstagefluently-thefeelingwaswonderful.Thewhole

audienceapplaudedafterwards.Iwassuccessful!

So,myfriends,beconfident!

共享题干题

下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果

该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该

句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhe1ikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn'tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］1.HenryManleywasalreadydeeplyindebt.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：C

参考解析：原文未提及。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhe1ikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn'tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］2.ThejobthathadbeenofferedtoGeorgeinBirminghampaid

better.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：A

参考解析：根据原文第一段最后一句话(thepaywasfarbetter)可得出答

木o

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn,t1iketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］3.IfGeorgetookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhaveto

leavehisfamilyatWyeford.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：B

参考解析：根据原文第二段第二句话，如果选择在Birmingham工作，他将不得

不将家搬到那里(hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere),而题干说的是

他将离开在Wyeford的家(wouldhavetoleavehisfamilyatWyeford)o

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhe1ikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn,tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］4.HenryManley'scompanywasindeepdivouble.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：A

参考解析：根据原文第三段第二句话可知答案。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereally1ikedthe

placeanddidn'tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］5.HenryManleyJscompanywasmakingenoughprofitstoraise

theworkers,wages.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：B

参考解析：根据原文第三段内容，HenryManley没有钱给工人加工资。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn,tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewou1dhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］6.HenryManleyhadnoideaatallwhyGeorgeSdivongwanted

toseehim.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：B

参考解析：根据原文最后一段第三句话可知，HenryManley猜出了George

Strong来找他做什么。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn'tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］7.GeorgeSdivongwasthebestengineerinHenryManley's

company.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：C

参考解析：原文未提及。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn,tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］8.TheelecdivicmotorsproducedbyHenryManley'scompany

arecheaperthanthosemadeinJapan.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：B

参考解析：根据原文第三段第二句话可知，日本厂家生产的同类产品价格更

低。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn,tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewou1dhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewou1dnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］9.MenlikeGeorgeSdivongareimportanttothefutureofthe

company.()

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：A

参考解析：根据原文最后一段倒数第二句话可知，如果公司不能吸引和留下像

GeorgeStrong这样的人，公司是没有未来的。

APayRiseorNot?”UnlessIgetarise,I'11haveatalkwith

theboss,HenryManley,“GeorgeSdivongsaidtohimself.Georgeliked

hisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttelling

himthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.That

waswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,

about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,and

thepaywasfarbetter.

GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedthe

placeanddidn'tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhe

tookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.

HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturing

elecdivicmotors.Thecompanywasindeepdivoublebecause,among

otherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylow

prices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsas

well.Otherwisehewou1dnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orders

werestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyfor

raisesforhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtosdivugglealongandkeep

hisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.

HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeSdivongwantedtoseehimassoon

aspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwas

about.GeorgeSdivongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadno

futureunlessitcouldadivivactandkeepmen1ikehim.Manleyrubbed

hisforehead;hisproblemsseemedendless.

［单选题］10.Intheend,HenryManleyhadagoodideatosolvethe

problem.（）

A.True

B.False

C.NotGiven

参考答案：B

参考解析：根据原文最后一段最后一句话，HenryManley并没有想出什么解决

问题的好办法。

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最

佳选项。

EvolutionofSleepSleepisveryancient.Inthe

elecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithall

theprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:

itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreamingand

dreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators

（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,

whichareinturnmuchmore1ikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.In

dreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）and

remarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuch

shallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirears

toasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleep

israreamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnatural

selection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighly

evolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeep

sleepthanthesmartones.

Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuch

deepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabout

theoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthat

dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery

little.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Couldit

bethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,the

functionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityof

FloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobe

thecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobe

quietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,

immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseems

particularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisan

interestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.

［单选题］11.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimal

sleeps.（）

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

参考答案：A

参考解析：事实细节题。求解本题的依据在第二段。“Indreamsleep,the

animalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsiveto

externalstimuli.M在该句中我们可以找到关键词“immobilized”与

“unresponsive",它们实际上在此与“withoutmoving"同义。而其他三个

选择项的内容都与原文不符。

EvolutionofSleepSleepisveryancient.Inthe

elecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithall

theprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:

itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreamingand

dreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators

（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,

whichareinturnmuchmore1ikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.In

dreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）and

remarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuch

shallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirears

toasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleep

israreamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnatural

selection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighly

evolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeep

sleepthanthesmartones.

Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuch

deepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabout

theoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthat

dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery

little.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Couldit

bethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,the

functionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityof

FloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobe

thecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobe

quietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,

immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseems

particularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisan

interestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.

［单选题］12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanimalsthatare

preyrarelyexperiencedreamsleepbecausethey.（）

A.haveevolvedfurtherthanpredators

B.areparticularlyintelligentanimals

C.needlesssleepthanpredators

D.wouldbecaughtifdeeplyasleep

参考答案：D

参考解析：推理判断题。文章在第二段中交代，在做梦的睡眠中，动物是一动

不动的，对外界刺激毫无反应。这样的情况对被捕食的动物很危险，因为它们

如果睡得很死，就有可能被肉食动物吃掉。所以我们可以推断，这些动物睡觉

时很少做梦，因为熟睡会被别的动物逮住。

EvolutionofSleepSleepisveryancient.Inthe

elecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithall

theprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostal1theothermammalsandbirds:

itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreamingand

dreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators

（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,

whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.In

dreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）and

remarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuch

shallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirears

toasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleep

israreamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnatural

selection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighly

evolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeep

sleepthanthesmartones.

Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuch

deepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabout

theoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthat

dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery

little.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Couldit

bethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,the

functionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityof

FloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobe

thecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobe

quietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,

immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseems

particularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisan

interestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.

［单选题］13.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohiding

placesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins.（）

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnstosleep

参考答案：B

参考解析：事实细节题。解题依据就在"Thereisnoplacetohideinthe

ocean”海洋中没有可以躲藏的地方，如果海豚和鲸鱼睡得多，便有被捕杀的危

险。因此它们睡得很少。

EvolutionofSleepSleepisveryancient.Inthe

elecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithall

theprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:

itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreamingand

dreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators

（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,

whichareinturnmuchmore1ikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.In

dreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）and

remarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuch

shallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirears

toasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleep

israreamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnatural

selection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighly

evolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeep

sleepthanthesmartones.

Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuch

deepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabout

theoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthat

dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery

little.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohide