医学博士英语全国统考试卷2004

2004patr=2\*ROMANIIvocabulary(10%)31.Allthecharactersintheplayare_____A.imaginableadj.可想象的,可能的B.imaginaryadj.假想的,想象的,虚构的C.imaginativeadj.富于想象力的D.imagining32.Thejudge_____allthechargesagainstSmithA.dismisseddismissacharge驳回指控B.eliminated除去,排除,削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminatethefalseandretainthetrue去伪存真C.refusedvt.拒绝,谢绝n.废物,垃圾D.discardedintothediscard成为无用之物;被遗忘throwsth.intothediscard放弃某事33.Theactress_____thetermsofhercontractandwasprosecuted起诉bytheproducer制片人.A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼B.ratifiedratifyanamendmenttoaconstitution批准宪法修正案C.draftedvt.起草D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violatealaw犯法violatesleep妨碍睡眠violatesb.'sprivacy侵扰某人的安静;闯入私室34.Atthistimeoftheyear,universityadmissionofficesare_____withinquiresfromanxiousapplicants.A.annoyedB.thrilledv.发抖C.trampledn.踩踏,蹂躏v.践踏,踩坏,轻视D.reproachedv.责备35.WhentheformerPresident_____hercandidacy候选资格,shehadagoodchanceofbeingelected.A.enforced强迫,执行,坚持,加强B.endorsedv.在(票据)背面签名,签注(文件),认可,签署C.followupv.穷追,把...探究到底,用继续行动来加强效果D.putforwardv.放出,拿出,提出,推举出36.Thecountry’shighestmedalwas_____uponhimforheroism.A.earnedB.bestowed给与,授,赠,赐(on,upon)Idonotdeserveallthepraisesbestoweduponme.我不配得到这些赞扬。C.creditedcredit...to...把...归功于creditsb.with认为某人[某事]具有...creditsth.with把...归因于某人[某事]D.granted37.Thelocalgovernmentleadersaremakingeveryeffortto___theproblemofpoverty.A.tackleB.taperv.逐渐变细,逐渐减少Theorganizationtaperedoffinabouthalfayear.那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了C.suppressD.tangle38.Atthepartywefoundthattheshygirl__hermotherallthetimeA.harmonizingwithv.协调B.clingingto依附,依靠,坚持C.dependingonD.adjustingto适应,调节.39.Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto__A.declineB.ascendascendto升至;追溯(到...时间)C.descenddescendfrom从...下来是...的后裔,源于descendupon/on突然拜访某人D.plunge40.Losingthejobwasbad,butevenworsewasthefeelingthatIhad___mydearwifeandchildA.letalone停止,中止,放松B.letdown放下,使失望,辜负,松劲,减速下降C.letoff放出,饶恕,准许...暂停工作D.letup停止,中止,放松sectionB41.Thetemperatureoftheatmospherebecomescolderaselevationincrease.elevationn.上升,海拔,提高,A.altituden.(尤指海拔)高度,B.aptituden.恰当,智能,聪明,自然倾向C.latituden.纬度,范围,(用复数)地区,行动或言论的自由(范围)D.longituden.经度,经线42.Shewaswostubbornthatshewouldn’tchangeheropinions.A.unwillingB.talentedC.obstinateD.determined43.OnChristmasEve,shespenttwohoursdecoratingtheroomwithflowerchains.A.modifyingB.ornamenting装饰,修饰;C.disposingvt.①布置;~furnitureinitsproperorder将家具布置在适当的地方.②使易患(某病);Gettingyourfeetwet~syoutocatchingcold.把脚弄湿使你容易伤风.D.packing包装,捆扎,塞满Adornvt.装饰；修饰;embellishment装饰,润色,修饰decorate装饰bedeckvt.[~with]装饰;be~edwithflowers(jewels,flags)用花(珠宝，旗子)装饰.44.Nobodycanstandforlongagonyofasevertoothache.极大的痛苦A.sufferance宽容；默许；容忍；忍受;Itisbeyond~.这无法忍受.B.suppuration化脓C.plaguen.瘟疫,麻烦,灾祸;v.折磨,使……苦恼D.torment痛苦；苦痛;suffering痛苦,灾害,损害,痛苦的torture剧痛45.WhenwerecallastoryofidenticaloffspringofAdolfHitlerbeingraisedinordertofurtherhishorriblework,weareoutaged.A.enlighted授与……知识,启发,启蒙B.calmedC.provoked激怒,惹起,驱使stirup/arouseD.moved②感动；鼓动46.Onlynative-borncitizensareeligiblefortheUS.presidency.legiblea.清晰的,易读的legal法律的,合法的B.theseverityofdepressionvarieswithindividualsC.depressionsareoverwhelmingprevailingD.depressionsaresometimesinescapable不可避免的68.Thosewhopresentnoreasontobedepressed,accordingtothepassage___A.needprotecttheirself-imagesB.needaparentalrolemodelathomeC.canbehelpedpsychologicallytobeusuefulandneedpersonsD.canbehelpedtorestoretheirtrustingrelationshipswiththeirparents69.Theauthorimpliesthatwhatthedepressedpersonneedsmostis___A.sincerityB.acceptanceC.reassuranceD.allofabove70.Underpsychotherapy,thedepressedpersonisencouaged___A.tofreehisorhermindofanythoughtB.tofindsubstitutesforthedisturbedthoughtsC.toreassurehimselforherselfofearlyrecoveryD.toexploreasmanytherapeuticapproachesaspossible.Passage3Seanalivedintheinpatienthospiceunitformorethanamonth,farlongerthananyonewouldhavepredicted,sustainedonlyonpainmedicationsandPopsicles.LateMarchinChicagoisonlytechnicallyspring.Mostofthetimeitisstillcoldandovercast.However,thisdaywaswarm,60degreesandsunny.ItwasaSaturdayandweplannedtogooutsideafterIfinishedrounds.IfoundSeanabackontheunitsittinginherwheelchair,=4\*ROMANIVpoleandpumpsintow,herwintercoatpartiallycoveringhospitalgown.Hersister-in-lawandCarla,hernurse’saide,werreadytogo.Everyonewasinagreatmood.Wewentdowntheelevator,intothebrightlysunlitoutdoors,andontothedrivewaybythewomen’shospital.Thoughtheinitialideawastojustsitinthesunabit,weweredrawntowardthesidewalk.Thereweretheusualsmokersoutsidethehospital,andthesmellofcigarettesmokewasthefirstthingInoticed.Itseemedhorribletocomeouthere,tohavethatsmellbethefirstthingtogreetSeana.Simultaneouswiththatthought,though,shesaid,“Whatawonderfulsmell!”IadkedherwhatsmellwassowonderfulandshesaidthatitsmelledlikeMcDonald’s.Iwasthinking,shereallydoesappreciateeverything.Wewentontothesidewalkandwatchedafatherpitchingaballtohis4-year-oldson.Thecontinuitybetweengrnerationswasmoving,almostbeyondwords.Aswegottothecorner,aninspiration灵感came:wecouldmakeittoLakeMichigan,onlyafewblocksaway.Didshewanttotry?Dideveryonewanttotry?Ofcoursewedid!Carlasaidthatitfeltlikewewerecuttingschool.Sooffwewent,acrossSheridanRoad,thefourofusquiteamotleysight:Seanalookinglikedeathwarmedoverinherwheelchair,Iwearingmygrayhospitalcoat,thenurse’saedeinanoutrageousgreenleathercoat,hersister-in-lawinanOhioStatesweatshirt.Carssloweddown;wewaved.Wewalkeduptheroadtothebeach,cuttingthroughruttedlawns,thewheelchairbumpinginthespringmud.Seanadidn’tsaymuch,butsheseemedtranslucentinthesun,beaming,litfromwithin.Iimagineditasherfarewelltouroftheworld.Icanonlyfathom看穿thepoignant可怜的wealthoffeelingsthatwerestimulated.Forme,itevokedthesenseofbeingatourist,whereeverythingseemsspecial,alittlestrange,andveryimpermanent.Ihadexperiencedthissamelakefrontthatwaythreeyearsbefore.Then,Ihadjustrecoveredfrommyownneardeathintheformofamyocardialinfarction心肌梗塞andcardiacarrestandwasfilledwithjoyandgratitude感恩；感谢[tosb,forsth];thatIwasstillhere.Theworldlookednew.IhadbeenSeana’sage.Shetaughtmethatawarenessofdeathandappreciationoflifegotogether:toimaginethatyouareseeingthingsforthelasttomehasthesameintensityasseeingthemforthefirst.71.Uponfinishingrounds,theauthor___A.joinedSeanaforanoutingB.wenttotheinpatienthospiceunit临终关怀病区C.managedtogetawheelchairforSeanaD.foundtheprrfectweatherforastrollwithSeana72.Wecaninferthatthesmellofsmokemadetheauthorfeelthat___A.itwasawrongideatosmokeoutsideofthehospitalB.thesidewlkwasawuongplaceforsmokingC.ithadbeentherightplantogooutD.Seanswasatawrongplace73.Outsidethehospital,Seanaenjoyedeverythingincluding___A.thefastfoodatMcDonald’sB.thesmellofsmokeC.thegenerationgapD.alloftheabove74.TheauthorwouldsaythatSeanabeingwheeledinthesun___A.wasfascinatedbytheteam’smotleysightB.imaginedherfarewelltouroftheworldC.wasemotionallyarousedfromwithinD.wasfondofappreciatingnature75.Duringtheouting,theauthorperceived Seans’sappreciationoflife___A.inherhopeofrecveryB.inherawarenessofdeathC.inseeingthingsforthefirsttimeD.inbingatouristatthelakefrontPassage4Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificprganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding响亮的“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation染色.Sceinceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshun避开bothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.Well,lit’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfidlds?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companiesitwasshockedtounearth发掘,onlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyoftheupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mud保守的;顽固的Britishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesighedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresultthefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.Fundingagencies基金管理机andinfluential有影响的organizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight公众注意的中心.Tokenism表面文章主义andfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhiteness持久的苍白ofscienceismorethananembarrassment阻碍,困窘:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultifarcial多种的societiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.76.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause___A.itiscolor-blindB.itisraciallydiaceiminativeC.itawardswrongresearchworkersD.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively77.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage___embarrassment阻碍,困窘,拮据A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurveyB.shockedgovernmentscientificpanelsC.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSocietyD.alloftheabove78.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis___A.fundingresearchinstitutionsoflabsB.settingupascientificcareerladderC.hidingtheracialdiscriminationD.belittleracialbackgrounds79.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis___A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEuropeB.tokeepethnicissuesundersurveillanceC.torestrictfellowshipandgrantstotheblackD.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack80.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof___A.thenatureofscienceB.credibilityinscienceC.anembarrassingtokenismD.mutual相互的trustbetweengenerationspassage,5About14,000peoplewillcontract染上(疾病）contractabadhabit染上恶习contractpneumonia染上肺炎HIVtaday.Andtomorrowandthedayafterthat,andeverydayfortheforeseeablefuture.That’s5millionbytheendoftheyear,mostofwhomwillbedeadwithinadecade.Figureslikethesebringhomethedevastating破坏性的,毁灭性的impactofAIDSandtheurgentneedforacheap,effectivevaccinecouldstopthetide趋势ofinfectionandstem阻止theneedformore,costlytreatments.Itcouldevenhelppeoplewhoalreadyhavethevirusstayhealthy.Backin1990,druygscompaniesandresearchersconfidentlypredictedwe’dhaveavaccineagainstHIV-1within10years.Thesewererash轻率的statements.Thevirushasturnedouttobemorecunningandstealthy鬼鬼祟祟的,thananyoneexpected,andourknowledgeofhowvaccinesbolster支持theimmunesystemhas’tbeengoodenough.Adozenyearson,westillhavenoclear-cut清晰的candidateforavaccine.Soyoumightexpecttheannouncementoftwolarge-scaletrialsofAIDSvaccinestobeapplauded.Yettheyhavebeencriticizedasamonumental极端的wasteofmoney.Thetrialswilltestalmostidenticalvaccines,neitherofwhichisexpectedtooffergreatprotectionagainstthevirus.What’smore,botharefundedbytheUSgovernment,onethroughtheNationalInstituteofHealthandtheotherthroughtheDepartmentofDefense国防部.TheNIH国家卫生研究所andtheDoD国防部havealonghistoryofrivalry竞争inAIDSresearch,butinthiscaseitseemssensible明智的fortheNIHtobackdown放弃原主张,AlthoughtheNIHisunderpressure“tobeseentobedoingsomething”,duplicatingworkofquestionablevalueisitselfquestionable.Bettertojoinforceswith联合themilitaryforthistrialandspendthemoneysaved---whichamountstoabout＄60million---elsewhere.Thereare,afterall,reasonsforoptimism.Anewwaveofvaccinesfromindustryandacademia学术界hasnearlycompletedsafetytests.Itmakessense有意义tocarryoutlimitedtrialsofallthesenewcomers,toidentifywhichonesofferthebestprotection,beforecommittingtensofmillionsofdollarstolargetrials.Suchastrategywouldneedtheagreementofdrugscompanies,governmentagenciesandmedicalcharities---somethingthat’snotasUtopianasitsounds.TheNIHhasalreadysignedadeal密约totestanewAIDSvaccinemadebythepharmaceuticalsgiantMerck.AndtheInternationalAIDSVaccineInitiative,anot-for-profitfundingorganizationbasedinNewYork,haspioneerednewwaystodivideup分割intellectualproperty知识产权rightsforsuccessfulvaccines.What’sneedediscooperationandcoordination协作和协调，notcompetition.Theimportantthingistofindthefastestroutetoaneffectivevaccine.Everydayweforgetthat,another14,000peoplepaytheprice.81.TodaythetideofHIVinfection___A.drown14,000peopleB.callsforacheep,effectivevaccineC.rolls滚动前进withoutanycountervailing对抗measuresD.iscurbedwithaninexpensive,effectivevaccine82.Neitherofthevaccinestestedinthetwolarge-scaletrials___A.isinarighttrackB.turnedouttobeamanufacturerC.issufficientlyfundedforresearchD.iscapableofinhibitingthetideofHIVinfections83.Theauthorquestions___A.thetworivisls’intentiontobackdownB.insufficientinvestmentinAIDSresearchC.thetwotrialstestingalmostindenticalvaccinesD.theallocationoffundsbetweentheNIHandtheDoD84.Accordingtothepassage,itisimperativethat___A.thetworivalsofAIDSvaccineschangetheirresearchlinesB.lesspressurebeimposedupontheNIHandtheDoDC.theNIHjointheDoDD.alloftheabove85.Thestrategyputforwardinthepassageimpliesthat___A.rivalriescanhamperthefightagainstAIDSB.therearenoshortcutstoconqueestoverAIDSC.thetideofAIDSinfectionsisnottakenseriouslyenoughD.onesingleinstitutionisenoughtoturnoutaneffectivevaccinepassage6AboywhostrugglestoreadEnglishprimary-schoolstorybooksyethasnotroublewithuniversityphysicstextbooksinJapaneseischallengingcurrentthinkingindyslexia诵读困难.The17-year-oldboy,knownasAS,isthefirstpersonshowntobedyslexicinonelanguagebutnotinanother.“Thiscouldhaveprofoundconsequencesforconceptsofreading,”saysTaekoWydellofBrunelUniversityinwestLondon,whohasstudiedAS.“Ifthereisaspecificbrainareaforreadingandpersonhasimpairment损伤inthisarea,intheoryallhislanguagesshouldbeaffected.”Thecaseisalsoposingproblemsforresearcherswhoarguethatdyslexiaisavisualprocessingdisorder.AShastwoEnglish-speakingparentsbutlivesinJapan.Attheageofsix,hebeganattendingaJapaneseprimaryschool,butitsoonbecameclearthathewaslaggingbehindhisJapanesecounterpartsinEnglish.WhenASwas13,testsconfirmedthattheproblemwasdyslexia,,acongenital天生的difficultywithreading.Thecausesofdyslexiaarepoorlyunderstood,buthavebeenlinkedtodamageinpartofthebrain’slefthemsphereknownastheperisylvianarea.Theconditionismarkedbyanimpairedabilitytoprocessthewrittensymbolsoflanguage,suchasletters---whichhasledsomeresearcherstosuggestthattheproblemliesultimately根本infaultyvisualprocessing视觉过程的处理障碍.IntriguedbyAS’scase,WydellandhercollegueBrainButterworthofUniversityCollegeLondonlookedathisreadinginJapanese.Japanesehastwowrittenforms.One,calledkanji日本汉字,cinsisftsofsymbolsthatcarrymeaningbuthavenophoneticvalue.Thekana日文的字母scriptcontainssymbolsthatcorrespondtoparticularsounds.WydellfirsttestedAS’sabilitytoread160wordswritteninkanji.Manykanjicharactershavetwopronunciations---oneintheChinesefromwhichthesymbolswerederivedandtheotheruniquetoJapanese---butonlyoneiscorrectinagivencontext.Knowinghowtopronounceawordcanbeextremelydifficult.YetASreadkanjiatundergraduatelevelandsohasnoproblemwithhisvisualprocessingskills.Hehasalsopassedcompetitivehighschoolentranceexams,whichrequireexpertiseinkana.InEnglish,however,ASscoredhalfaswellastheaveragepersonofhisagewhenaskedtoreadrealwordsandmade-upwordsoutloud.Andhecouldreadonlyoneof50“difficult”words,suchas“nausea”and“aisle”.Nevertheless,ASperceivesEnglishsounds“justlikeanative”,saysWydell.WydellarguethatAS’scaseisdifficulttoreconcilewith使一致conventionaltheoriesaboutdyslexia.“IfAShasaproblemwithvisualprocessing,”shesays,“itshouldshowup暴露evenmoreinkanji.”Sheacceptthatmanychildrendiagnosedasdyslexicmaywellhaveproblemsprocessingvisualinformation,butsuspectsthatothers---likeAS---sufferfromakindofdyslexiathatoccursprimarilyinEnglish.Theproblem,shebelieves,liesinthebrains’sabilitytotackletheEngliahlanguagecomplexsystemofmappingsoundstoletters,whichgivesrisetosomeeccentricspellings.Bycontrast,kanslettersalwayssoundthesame.Notallresearchersinthefieldarepersuade,however.“IfAS’ssightvocabularyissogoodinJapanese,”asksMarjoriePerlmanLorch,aneurolinguistatBirkbeckCollege,“whyhasn’theadoptedthesamestrategyforirregularwordsinEnglish?”ShesuspectsthatAS’sreadingproblemscouldstemfromhispositionasaculturaloutsider外人inJapan.“Socialidentityandmotivational有关动机的factorscanbecrucial.”86.Dyslexiahasbeenassumed___A.tobelinkedtovisionB.tobecausedbyfaultyvisualpocessingC.tobeacongenitaldisorderofmentalityD.tolieinthewrittensymbolsoflanguage87.WhatintriguedWydellis___A.AS’svisualprocessingdisorderB.AS’sdyslexiainhislanguagesC.AS’simpairedlefthemsphereD.AS’sselectivedyslexia88.AccordingtoWydell’sinvestigation,AS___A.isnotdyslexiainJapanesescripts字母B.isnotdyslexiainkanjibutinkanaC.isnotdyslexiainkanabutinkanjiD.hasacongentialdifficultyreadingJapanesescrips89.WydellfindsithardtoexplainAS’scaseintermof___A.faultyvisualprocessingB.EnglishphoneticsandspellingC.congenita