语言学第四章课后练习

8、Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,aplement,andinsomecasesaspecifier、Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeachphrases、

a、richinminerals

APAPP

PNP

N

Richinminerals

b、oftenreaddetectivestories

VP

QualVNP

AN

Oftenreaddetectivestories

c、theargumentagainsttheproposals

NP

NPPP

DetNPNP

DetN

theargumentagainsttheproposals

d、alreadyabovethewindow

PP

QualPNP

DetN

alreadyabovethewindow

9、Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes、Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures、

a、Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution、

InflP(S)

NPInflVP

VNPPP

DetAPNNonepst

DetNPNP

A

APN

A

Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution

b、Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky、

InflP(s)

NPInflVP

DetAPNVPP

PNP

A

DetAPN

A

Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky

C、Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday、

InflP(S)

NPinflVP

DetNpstVNPAdvAdv

DetN

Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday

d、Awoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm、

InflP(S)

NPInflVP

DetAPNPPVPP

PNPPNP

DetNDetN

Awoodenhutneatthelakecollapsedinthestorm

10、Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories、Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences、

a、Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants、

InflP(=S)

NPＶＰ

AuxVNP

N

DetANP

NCONN

Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

or

InflP(=S)

NPＶＰ

AuxVNP

N

DetANP

NCONN

Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

b、Helenputonherclothesandwentout、

InflP(=S)

NPVP

VPCONVP

VPNPVAdv

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

OR

InflP(=S)

NPInflVP

pst

VPCONVP

VPNPVAdv

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

c、Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics、

InflP(=S)

NPVP

VPCONVP

N

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics

OR

InflP(=S)

Infl

NPVP

nonpst

VPCONVP

N

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics

11、Thefollowingsentencesallcontaincontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionasplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun、Drawatreestructureforeachsentence、

YouknowthatIhatewar、

S

NPVP

NVCP

CS

NPVP

N

VNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewat

OR

S

NPInflVP

NNonpstVCP

CS

NPVP

N

VNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewat

GerrybelievesthefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam、

S

NPVP

NVPNP

NPCP

VCS

DetNNPVP

NVNP

DetAN

GerrybelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce、

S

NPVP

NVACP

CS

NPVP

DetNVNPNP

NDetN

ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings、

S

NPVP

DetNVPCP

VPCS

NPVP

NVNP

N

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

12、

a、Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent、

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVAP

CSDegP

NPInflVP

VNP

NN

Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong

Surfacestructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVAP

CSDegP

NPNPInflVP

VNP

NNN

Theessaythathewroteewastoolong

b、Hebertboughtahousethatsheloved、

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

NInflVNP

DetNCP

CS

NPInflVP

NVNP

N

Hebertboughtahouseshelovedthat

Surfacestructure

CP

CS

NPVP

NInflVNP

DetNCP

CS

NPNPInflVP

NNVNP

N

Hebertboughtahousethatshelovede

c、Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics、

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVPP

CInflSPNP

NPVP

NP

NVN

Thegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguistics

Surfacestructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVPP

CInflSPNP

NPNPVP

NP

NNVN

Thegirlwhomheadoresemajorsinlinguistics

13、

a、Wouldyouetomorrow?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

NInflVAdvP