高二英语5课时分层作业UnitSectionⅠ

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精课时分层作业（一）SectionⅠ(建议用时：30分钟）［高考题型练习提能力］Ⅰ。阅读理解AJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker，andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandofsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician，andsovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell。In1926，at23，hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics。Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933，theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed，andhebecameoneofthe6full.timepeople（Einsteinwasoneoftheothers)intheSchoolofMathematics。WorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpure(纯粹的)mathematician。Duringandafterthewar，hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice。Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions。Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers，andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards，waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission。Hediedin1957ofcancer.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplacehistory。Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury。VonNeumannreallywasalegend（传奇）inhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofthislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway，“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour。Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了伟大的数学家JohnvonNeumann（约翰·冯·诺依曼）的生平事迹。1．Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann’sfatherbelievedthat．A.amathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．amathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadagiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeedA［细节理解题。根据第一段“hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician”可知，他的父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫。]2．VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof．A．23B．26C．29D．32C［推理判断题.根据第一段“In1926，at23.。。"和第二段“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932。”不难得出，他29岁时出版了第一本书。］3．HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B．Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice。C．Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment。D．Helostinterestinchemistry。B[细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，第二次世界大战使他的兴趣从纯粹数学领域转到了应用数学领域。］4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofvonNeumann?A．Hehadthreechildren。B．Hediedfromanaccident.C．Hereceivedmanyawardsinhislife。D．HeandEinsteinwereclassmatesinPrincetonUniversity。C[细节理解题。A选项对第一段第一句话理解有误，是错误的；由第三段末句可知，B选项错误；由第三段第六句可知，C项正确；由第二段末句可知，D项错误。]BWatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesonehotAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincidentinmyownchildhood。WhenIwasaboyof12inSouthCarolina，somethinghappenedtomethatcuredmeforeverofwantingtoputanywildcreatureinacage。Welivedontheedgeofawood,andeveryeveningatduskthemockingbirdswouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisn’tamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird.IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatwayIwouldhavemyownprivatemusician。Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst，initsfrightatbeingcaptured,thebirdflutteredaboutthecage，buteventuallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommytinymusician.Ihadleftthecageoutonourbackporch,andontheseconddayofthebird’scaptivity(囚禁)mynewpet’smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth。Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit。Iwaspleasedtoseethis。CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby。ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptivewasdoing，Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasshocked!Whathadhappened！Ihadtakenexcellentcareofmylittlebird，orsoIthought.ArthurWayne，thefamousornithologist，happenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime，hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird，explainedwhathadoccurred.“Amothermockingbird，findingheryounginacage，willsometimesbringitpoisonberries。Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage.Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree。【语篇解读】本文讲述了“我"小时候抓了一只会唱歌的模仿鸟，在吃了鸟妈妈带来的食物后，小鸟不幸夭折的故事。这个故事告诉我们,每个生物都有自由地活着的权利。5．Whydidthewritercatchamockingbirdwhenhewasaboyof12?A．Hehadjustgotanewcage.B．Helikeditsbeautifulfeather。C．Hewantedittosingforhim.D．Hewantedapetforacompanion。C［细节理解题。根据第三段“IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatwayIwouldhavemyownprivatemusician。"可知答案为C。]6．Themockingbirddiedbecauseit．A．wasfrightenedtodeathB．atethepoisonousfooditsmothergaveitC．refusedtoeatanythingD．drankthepoisonouswaterbymistakeB[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Amothermockingbird，findingheryounginacage，willsometimesbringitpoisonberries.Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity。”可知,小鸟死于吃了母亲给的食物。]7．Anornithologistprobablymeans．A．areligiouspersonB．akindpersonC．aschoolmasterD．anexpertinbirdsD[词义猜测题。根据此人对模仿鸟死亡做的解释,可知他是鸟类专家。故答案为D。］8．Whatisthemostimportantlessonthewriterlearnedfromtheincident？A．Freedomisveryvaluabletoallcreatures.B．Allbirdsputinacagewon'tlivelong.C．Youshouldkeepthebirdsfromtheirmother.D．Becarefulaboutfoodyougivetobabybirds。A[推理判断题.根据最后一段“NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage。Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree."可知,他明白自由对任何生物都是无价的。]【解题策略】顺藤摸瓜，猜测词义猜测词义题，我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法，定义，同位，对比，因果,常识，上下文等线索确定词义。任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义.比如第7小题。根据此人对模仿鸟死亡做的解释，可知他是鸟类专家。故答案为D.Ⅱ.阅读七选五Noonelikestofail.Whetherit'satwork，athome,orinanotherareaofyourlife，failureispainfulanditcanalsobecostlyintermsoftime，money，orboth.1Ifyouneversufferafailure，thenyou’reprobablynotpushingyourselftoyourfullpotential.Thefollowingaresometipsonhowtopickyourselfupafteryou'vefailed。Rememberthatotherpeoplefailtoo。2They’lltellyouaboutthatgreatnewcontracttheysigned，notthedealthatfailedeventuallythoughtheyworkedonitformonths.Butfailureisnormal，andlotsofpeoplefailtimeandtimeagainbeforemeetingwithsuccess。Remindyourselfofyourpastsuccesses。Failingdoesn'tmeanthatyou’reworthless，orthatyou’llneverachievethethingsyouwant.3Maybeyouhadhighmarkslastterm，oryoulostweight,oryoulearnedtoplayamusicalinstrument.Youmightwanttowritedownalistofsuccesses—thingsthatyou’veaccomplishedoverthepastfewyears，whetherbigorsmall.Ifyoueverlackconfidence，youcangobackandreadoverthatlist。4Yourpastsuccessesareimportant，butsoareyourpastfailures。You’vemademistakesbefore,andyou’vesurvivedthem.Perhapsyoudidbadlyinanexam，orlostyourtemperandhadtoapologize。It’snotfuntothinkaboutthetimeswhenthingswentwrong,butbyacknowledgingyourfailures,youcanremindyourselfthattodayisnodifferent.Justasyourecoveredinthepast，youcanrecoverfromyourrecentfailuretoo。5Whateverwentwrong，you’reprobablyfacingsomesortofdecision。Don’trushintomakinghastydecision，butdolookforaforwardpath。Thatmightrequiresomedeepthinking.A．Makeadecision.B．Limitthedamagecaused.C．Remindyourselfofyourpastfailures。D．However，failureisanormalpartoflife。E．Getsomeadviceandsupportfromothers。F．Mostpeopledon'ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures。G．Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou'vesucceeded。【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论“失败”.失败是生活中很正常的一部分，大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败.你过去的成功很重要,但你过去的失败也很重要。要提醒自己过去的失败。1．D［上文提示“无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在生活的其他方面，失败都是痛苦的,而且在时间、金钱方面，或者两者兼而有之.”再根据下文提示“如果你从未经历过失败，那么你可能并没有将自己的潜力发挥到极致。”承接上下文，D项However，failureisanormalpartoflife。（然而，失败是生活中很正常的一部分。)切题。]2．F［上文提示“记住别人也会失败。”承接上文，F项Mostpeopledon’ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures.(大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。）切题。该项中的don’ttalkopenly和上文的otherpeoplefailtoo相吻合。］3．G[上文提示“失败并不意味着你一文不值，或者你永远无法实现你想要的东西。”再根据下文提示“也许你上学期成绩很好，也许你减肥了,也许你学会了演奏乐器。”承接上下文，G项Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou’vesucceeded.（想想过去你成功的所有时刻。）切题。]4．C［下文提示“你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。”承接下文，C项Remindyourselfofyourpastfailures。(提醒自己过去的失败.）切题。]5．A［下文提示“不管出了什么问题，你都可能面临某种决定。”承接下文,A项Makeadecision.(做出一个决定。）切题.］Ⅲ.语法填空DearDad，Onthisdateofyour50thbirthday，MomgavemetheletteryouwrotetomewhenIwasborn18yearsago。Inyourletter，you1。(wish)metobestrong。mindedandsuccessful。Youwerelookingforwardto2。(see）mefightformyfuturebravelyanddowellfor3。andothers。Afterreadingthisletter，Ifeelquite4.(shock）atyour5。(expect)onme。Ialsofeelshamedofnothavingperformedwell6.(meet）yourdemand.IstillrememberwhenIwasinprimaryschool，Ifailedtoapplymyselftostudying。Iwasaddictedtocomputergames。Asaconsequence，Isoonbecamethelastoneinmyclass.Youdidn'tabusemeatall。7.