2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷9

考研外语专家预测过关卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1>Venturecapitalhasnowbecomeaglobalphenomenon.Here

isthe(1)statusofeachmajorregionthathasventure

capitalactivity.(2),thedefinitionofventurecapital,

(3)coined50yearsagoatHarvardBusinessSchool,meant

(4)capitalforneworveryyoungventures.Overtime,

(5),andespeciallyoutsidetheUSandCanada,ithas

becomeacoverallnameforanytypeofequityrelatedfinancing

forprivatelyheldcompanies.Tomakemattersevenmore

(6),someUSventurecapitalfirmshavebegundelvinginto

“transactional“financemore(7)totheinvestment

bankingcommunity.Thisis,however,alimitedphenomenon.

Indeed,theinfluxof(8)fundmoneyintotheventure

capitalmarkethasbeenbothacurseandablessing.Firmsfound

themselvesbattlingtoplacetheirnewly(9)fundswith

a(10)numberofspecializedhi-techfirms.Theresultwas

aseriesoflossesintheearly1990s.

Venturecapitaliststhenbecameimmersedintransactional

financingasaresultoftheir(11)_____inbusiness

acquisitions.Historically,theventurecapitalistshadsatat

theendofthetablerepresentingthecompanybeing(12).

Atsomepoint,theybegantoseeopportunitiesinfinancingsuch

(13)andinotherinvestmentbankingtypeactivities.

Inthelong(14)_____,however,venturecapitalistswillback

outofinvestmentbankingtypeactivitiesandfocusonwhatthey

arebestat,riskingcapitalinvestmentsin(15)companies.

Whatisrequiredtoplacetheircapitalandstillrealizetheir

(16)isarampupinstaff.Inthe1980s,manyofthefirms

werequitesmalland(17)onspecificareasoftechnology

wheretheyhadin(18)knowledge.Inthe1990sthe

successfulfirmshave(19)managementstaff,(20)

intomorethanoneareaoftechnology,andoutsourcedmoreof

theirtechnologicalanalysistoveryspecializedexperts.

A.monetary

B.current

C.dominant

D.alien

2、⑵

A.Historically

B.Simultaneously

C.Momentarily

D.Immediately

3、⑶

A.but

B.while

C.as

D.although

4、(4)

A.sponsor

B.risk

C.estate

D.stake

5、⑸

A.therefore

B.indeed

C.hence

D.however

6、(6)

A.apparent

B.confusing

C.plausible

D.promising

7、(7)

3

A.prone

B.subject

C.akin

D.liable

8、(8)

A.pension

B.hazard

C.abuse

D.sector

9、(9)

A.floated

B.bubbled

C.drifted

D.submerged

10、(10)

A.unlimited

B.specific

C.definite

D.finite

11、(H)

A.involvement

B.speculation

工4

C.publicity

D.tolerance

12、(12)

A.explored

B.acquired

C.terminated

D.commercialized

13、(13)

A.prospects

B.stimuli

C.dealings

D.schemes

14、(14)

A.course

B.case

C.view

D.run

15、(15)

A.burnout

B.startup

C.handover

D.cut-back

5

16、(16)

A.recruits

B.regards

C.relics

D.returns

17、(17)

A.commented

B.imposed

C.acted

D.centered

18、(18)

A.vain

B.depth

C.brief

D.essence

19、(19)

A.enhanced

B.characterized

C.obscured

D.undertaken

20、(20)

A.allocated

6

B.integrated

C.diversified

D.identified

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

TheEuropeanUnion'sBareeIonasummit,whichendedonMarch

16th,wasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy

“anti-globalisation“demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.If

nothingelse,thedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomic

liberalizationinEurope-themeeting'smaintopic一presents

genuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublic

opinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens

“socialEurope”,theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.

Inthisclimateofpublicopinion,itisnotsurprisingthat

theoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.Thetotemicissuewas

openingupEurope'senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthas

foughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathomeforits

state-ownednationalchampion,ElectricitedeFrance(EDF).At

Barcelonaitmadeawellflaggedtacticalretreat.The

summiteersconcludedthatfrom2022industrialusersacross

Europewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysuppliers,

whichshouldaccountfor"atleast”60%ofthemarket.

SinceEurope,senergymarketisworth350billion($309billion)

ayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusiness,thisisa

breakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointing

aspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesit

hardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriend

ratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDF

tokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrench

market.

Inotherareas,especiallytodowithEurope,stoughlabor

markets,theEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteers

declaredthat''disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs“shouldbe

removed;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2022.But

onlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboree,theEuropean

Commissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgiveall

temporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithin

sixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20

commissionersdid,unusually,voteagainstthemeasure一a

blatantpieceofre-regulation—butthesocialaffairs

commissioner,AnnaDiamantopoulou,wasunrepentant,indeed

triumphant.Adissatisfiedliberaliserinthecommission

calledthedirective“anabsolutedisaster”.

Thesummit'sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.

Europe'sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchand

development"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto

3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessesto

investmoreinresearch?Nobodyseemstoknow.Andtheonebig

researchprojectagreedonatBarcelona,theGalileo

satellite-positioningsystem,whichissupposedtocost3.2

billionofpublicmoney,isofdubiouscommercialvalue,since

theEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans'GPA

system.EdwardBannerman,headofeconomicsattheCentrefor

EuropeanReform,aBlairitethink-tank,callsGalileo"the

commonagriculturalpolicyinspace”.

AccordingtothosewhosupporttheliberalizationofEurope's

energymarkets,energysupplymonopolyisunlikelyonthe

groundsthat

A.businessuserswillchoosefromsuppliercompetitors.

B.energymarketscallforcrosstradecoordination.

C.competitionwillhardlybeconfinedtobusinessusers.

D.energysuppliersmightcatertoeconomicliberalization.

2、

Whatistheattitudeoftheminorityofcommissionerstowards

there-regulationofEurope'sjobmarket?

A.Arbitrary.

B.Neutral.

C.Compromising.

D.Critical.

3、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A.DemonstratorsarenotinfavorofEurope'seconomic

liberalization.

B.France'sEDFisusedtoillustratearesultof1iberal

economies.

C.TheEurope'sUnion，sBarcelonasummitisnotasproductive

asexpected.

D.Europe,ssatellite-positioningsystemisnowhereneara

greatsuccess.

4、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatEurope,squestformore

1iberaleconomiesmaybe

A.popularandsensible.

B.dubiousbutprofitable.

C.slowandcontradictory.

D.fragilebutpromising.

5、

WelearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably.

A.anenthusiastinspaceexploration.

B.anadvocateofEurope'sunityandliberalization.

C.apioneerinresearchanddevelopment.

D.anopponentoftheGalileosatellite-positioningsystem.

6、Iftheopinionpollsaretobebelieved,mostAmericans

arecomingtotrusttheirgovernmentmorethantheyusedto.

ThehabithasnotyetspreadwidelyamongAmericanIndians,who

suspectanorganizationwhichhassooftenpatronizedthem,

liedtothemanddefraudedthem.ButtheIndiansmaysoonwin

avictoryinalegalbattlethatepitomizesthoseabuses.

ElouiseCobell,abankerwhoalsohappenstobeamemberofthe

BlackfeettribeinMontana,istheleadingplaintiffina

massiveclass-actionsuitagainstthegovernment.Atissueis

upto$10billionintrustpaymentsowedtosome500,000Indians.

ThesuitrevolvesaroundIndividualIndianMoney(11M)accounts

thatareadministeredbytheInteriorDepartment，sBureauof

IndianAffairs(BIA).Backinthe1880s,thegovernmentdivided

morethan11macresoftriballandintoparcelsof80to160

acresthatwereassignedtoindividualIndians.Becausethese

parcelswererarelyoccupiedbytheirnewowners,the

governmentassumedresponsibilityformanagingthem.Asthe

Indians'trustee,itleasedthelandoutforgrazing,logging,

miningandoi1drilling一butitwassupposedtodistributethe

royaltiestotheIndianowners.

Infact,officialsadmitthatroyaltieshavebeenlostorstolen.

Recordsweredestroyedandthegovernmentlosttrackofwhich

Indiansownedwhatland.Theplaintiffssaythatmoneyisowing

to500,000Indians,buteventhegovernmentacceptsafigure

ofabout300,000.Foryears,CobellheardIndianscomplainof

notgettingpaymentfromthegovernmentfortheoil-drilling

andranchingleasesontheirland.Butnothingmuchgotdone.

ShereturnedtoWashingtonand,afterabrush-offfrom

governmentlawyers,filedthesuit.

GaleNorton,GeorgeBushesinteriorsecretarywaschargedwith

contemptinNovemberbecauseherdepartmenthadfailedtofix

theproblem.InDecember,JudgeLamberthorderedtheinterior

Departmenttoshutdownallitscomputersfortenweeksbecause

trustfundrecordswerevulnerabletohackers.Thesystemwas

partlyrestoredlastmonthandpaymentstosomeIndians,which

hadbeeninterrupted,resumed.

Andthatisnottheendofit.Ms.Nortonhasproposedthe

creationofanewBureauofIndianTrustManagement,separate

fromtheBIA.Indiansarecrossthatshesuggestedthiswithout

consultingthem.Somewantthetrustfundstobeplacedin

receivership,underaneutralsupervisor.Othershavecalled

forCongresstoestablishanindependentcommission,including

Indians,todrawupaplanforreformingthewholesystem.A

messyinjusticemayatlastbegettingsortedout.

ElouiseCobellcriticizedtheInteriorDepartment,sBIAfor

A.itsleasinglandoutforexploitation.

B.itsdistributionofmoneycollected.

C.itssupposedmisconductofabuses.

D.itsreactiontoamassiveaction.

7、

Whenmentioning"thegovernmentacceptsafigureofabout

300,000”,thewriteristryingtoillustrate

A.liesanddefraudtowhichAmericanIndiansareexposed.

B.thestrongconfidenceAmericanIndianshaveintheir

government.

C.doubtsaboutgovernmentasshownintheopinionpolls.

D.thearroganceasdisplayedbygovernmentofficialsasa

whole.

8、

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.TrustfundshavebeenplacedinthehandsofAmerican

Indians.

B.AmericanIndiansshouldbecomeincreasinglyvocalfor

justice.

C.PaymentsowedtoAmericanIndianhavebeenindefinitely

delayed.

D.BIAreapedgreatrewardsbydeliberatelydestroying

trust-fundrecords.

9、

Itseemsthatthewriterisverycriticalof.

A.AmericanIndiansinaclass-action.

B.officialswhoareinchargeofthesuit.

C.governmentagenciesatalllevels.

D.thosewhohavethelandover-developed.

10、

Fromthetext,wecanseethatthewriter'soverallattitude

towardstheissueseemstobe

A.sensitive.

B.gloomy.

C.optimistic.

D.scared.

11、AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica,smost

car-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircars

names,comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardany

sidestreetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity'sroadsare

sowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,Shirley

Franklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metro

countieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheir

air-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.TheAmerican

HighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchangesamong

the18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,

imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheir

public-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthese

things.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta，s

metropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmaller

citygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railways

nowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;

busstopsareoftennear-invisiblepoles,offeringno

indicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia(sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesfor

re-electioninNovember,hasotherplans.Towinbackthe

federalhighwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreated

theGeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a

15-memberboardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,

thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommission

co-operateontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5

billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.The

planearmarksmoneytowidenroads；tohaveanelectricshuttle

busshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;and

tocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,two

hourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerous

ten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenext

plan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65miles

acrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhas

allotted$270mforthis.Supporterssayitwouldeasethe

congestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsen

over-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andeven

GRTA'sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however;andsincehecanappointand

fireGRTA'Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.

Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.His

arroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.

BarnesthinkthatAtlanta，sslowingeconomycoulddohimmore

harmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

Theauthor'spresentationofAtlantans'car-dependenceis

meant

A.tobeironic.

B.topokefuntothem.

C.tobefair.

D.tomakeitnotorious.

12、

Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawl

movement"asplannedbygovernorRoyBarnes?

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.

B.HissuccessinreelectioninNovember.

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

13、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontraffic

matters.

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmore

highways.

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofits

traffic.

14、

ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia'sGovernorRoy

Barnes.

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboard.

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimage.

C.isboundtowinthereelectioncomingup.

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassets.

15、

Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficproblem

inAtlantaseemstoliein

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations.

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes，sarrogance.

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes.

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystems.

16、“Worsethanuseless,“fumedDarrellIssa,aRepublican

congressmanfromCalifornia,onMarch19th,whentheHouse

JudiciaryCommitteeheldahearingontheImmigrationand

NaturalizationService."Terrible,andgettingworse,“added

ZoeLofgren,aDemocriticcolleaguewhohaskeptawatchful

eyeontheINSfortenyears.

CommitteememberslineduptotakeswingsatJamesZiglar,the

headoftheINS.Heexplained,somewhatpathetically,that

''outdatedprocedures'7hadkeptthevisa-processingwheels

grindingslowlythroughabacklogofapplications.Healsohad

somenewrulesinmindtotightenupvisas.Speedingupthe

paperwork一andgettingmoreofitontocomputers一isvital,

buttheSeptember11thattackshaveexposedthetensionbetween

theagency，stwojobs:ontheonehandenforcingthesecurity

ofAmerica5sborders,ontheothergrantingprivilegessuchas

workpermitstoforeigners.

Butotherpeoplewantmoreradicalchanges.JamesSensenbrenner,

aRepublicancongressmanfromWisconsin,wantstosplittheINS

intotwoseparatebodies,onedealingwithbordersecurityand

theotherwithhandlingbenefitstoimmigrants.Theother

approach,favoredintheWhiteHouse,istotreatthetwo

functionsascomplementary,andtogivetheINSevenmore

responsibilityforsecurity.Underthatplan,theINSwould

mergewiththeCustomsService,whichmonitorsthe20m

shipmentsofgoodsbroughtintoAmericaeveryyear,aswellas

thebagscarriedinbysome500mvisitors.Thetwoagencies

wouldform,onelargebodywithintheDepartmentofJustice,

thecurrenthomeoftheINS.Thiswouldcutoutsomeofthe

duplicatedeffortatborders,wherecustomsofficersandagents

fromtheINS'sBorderPatroloftenrubshouldersbutdonotwork

together.

Mr.Bush一whohassaidthatthenewsofthevisaapprovalsleft

him“plentyhot”—wasexpectedtogivehisapproval.Thesenate,

however,maynotbequitesokeen.TheJusticeDepartmentcould

havetroublehandlingsuchamerger,letalonetakingonthe

considerableeconomicresponsibilitiesoftheCustomsService,

whichiscurrentlypartoftheTreasury.

Thesenateprefersyetanothersetofsecurityrecommendations,

includinglinksbetweenthedatabasesofdifferentagencies

thatholdsecurityandimmigrationinformation,andscanners

atportsofentrytocheckbiometricdatarecordedon

immigrationdocuments.Theseideasareembodiedinabill

sponsoredbymembersofbothparties,butarecurrentlyheld

upbyRobertByrd,thechairmanoftheSenateAppropriations

Committee,whoworriesthattherehasnotbeenenoughdebate

onthesubject.Mr.Ziglar,poorchap,mayfeeltherehasbeen

morethanenough.

WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatINS.

A.willbesubjectedtostrongcriticisms.

B.hasbecomethepubliclaughingstock.

C.willtakeupeconomicresponsibilities.

D.haswonthesupportfromMr.Bush.

17、

Besidesdealingwithbordersecurity,INSalso

A.keepsawatchfuleyeonitself.

B.grantsprivilegestoimmigrants.

C.monitorsshipmentsofgoods.

D.takesadvantageofcomputers.

18、

ThechairmanoftheSenateAppropriationsCommitteewillleave

theissueofINSunsettledbecause

A.theexclusiveresponsibilityofINSisforbordersecurity.

B.hefiguredoutsomenewrulesinmindtotightupvisas.

C.sufficientdebateisanxiouslyrequiredforafinal

solution.

D.mostcongressmenholdunfavorableopinionsonINS.

19、

SuggestionshavebeenraisedontheissueofINSexcept

A.chargeslaunchedagainstitshead.

B.itsmergingwiththeCustomsService.

C.othersecurityrecommendations.

D.itsseparationintotwobodies.

20、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ARedundantAgencytobeSplit.

B.UpsetwiththeINS?一No.

C.MergingINSwithCustoms?

D.IneptINS—underFire.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttheapproachestocreating

championship,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebest

example.

(41)Whatdoyouneedinordertobearecordbreaker?

Sportsexpertsagreethatthesinglemostimportantfactorin

creatingachampionisgeneticmake-up,thepossessionofgenes

thatimpartaninnateabilitytostrideleap,burnenergy

efficientlyorsucklotsofoxygenfromtheair."Thegreat

athletesaregenuinestatisticaloutliers...physiological

freaks,“sayssportsscientistCraigSharpofBrunelUniversity

inMiddlesex,UK.

(42)Howwillwefindorcreatethenextgenerationofchampion

athletes?

Themostlikelywayistowidenoursearchtofindsomeonewith

ageneticmakeupthatallowshimorhertosurpassother

athletes.WhenEastAfricanrunnersbegancompeting

internationally,forexample,itbecameapparentthattheir

lightframe,makethemuniquelyeconomicalintheiruseof

energy.

(43)Havewereachedthelimitofhumanperformance?

No,butrecordsarebeingbrokenbyevernarrowermargins.When

statisticiansplothowthebestperformanceinagivenevent

changesovertime,theyseethegraphlevelingoff.Andthe

shortertheevent,thesmallerarethesliversoftimebeing

shavedoff.SoalthoughPaulaRadcliffehasslicedwhole

secondsoffthemarathonworldrecord,sprintersareimproving

bymerehundredthsofasecond.

(44)Willweeverreachanabsolutelimit?

Theoretically,anabsolutetimetohowfarorfastthehuman

bodycangodoes,but"whereitiswedon，tknow,“saysMillar.

Perhapstheonlywaywecanrecognizetheultimateperformance

willberetrospectively,afterarecordhasstoodforyears.

(45)Infuture,willathletessimplytesttheirlimitsinnew

ways?

Asrecordsbecomeharderandhardertobreak,wemaystart

comparingathletesbyotherstandards,suchasthenumberof

goldmedalsortheirperformanceovertime.LanceArmstrong，s

sixconsecutivewinsintheTourdeFrance,forexample,may

neverbesurpassed."Theelitemightbedefinedbyhowmany

timestheywin”,saysMillar.

A.Athletesmightalsoinventnewsportstotestthemselves.

Theemergenceofthetriathloninthe1970swasfuelledby

runners,swimmersandcyclistslookingforanewchallenge;it

madeitsdebutasanOlympiceventin2000.

B.Oncescientistshaveidentifiedthegenesthatconfera

geneticadvantageinsport,athletesmightalsobescreenedto

pickouttheoneswithmostgeneticpotential."Thereareall

sortsofpeopleoutthere,andwedon，tknowwhattheycando”,

saysexerciseandsportsscientistCarlFosterofthe

UniversityofWisconsininLaCrosse.Becausetherewardsare

growingandcompetitionisbecomingmoreintense,athletesare

beingdrivenmoreandmoretowardsdrugstogaintheedge.

Expertspredictthatthenextgenerationofchampionswill

includemanydopedones.Theyareparticularlyfearfulof'gene

doping"inwhichathletesboosttheperformanceofkeygenes.

C.Psychologyisvital.Athletesneedenormousfocusanddrive

towin.Manypeoplethinkthatthemainbarriertobreakingthe

four-minutemilewasapsychologicalone:onceRogerBannister

diditin1954,severalothersclockedsub-four-minutetimes

shortlyafterwards.Sometimesbreakingarecordinvolves

takingariskinanevent,suchasbreakingfromthepackwith

afulllaptogo,andthattakesacertainstate.

D.Noteverysportcanbeaccuratelymeasured,ofcourse.

Runningandjumpingcanbequantifiedwithstickorstopwatch,

butfootballandtennisperformancesaremuchhardertogauge.

E.Ontopofthis,however,trainingandtechniquearevital.

Theyallowathletestosculptmuscles,forexample,sothatthey

burnlessenergywhileachievingthesamespeedsasothers.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Al1objectsofhumanreasonorinquirymaynaturallybedivided

intotwokinds,towit,relationsofideas,