高中英语Unit 3 Computers Learning about Language 课件

Unit3ComputersLearningaboutLanguage构成：have/has+过去分词含义:1.表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。ThePresentPerfectTense

(现在完成时）2.不仅单纯表示一个过去的动作，而且还表示该动作对现在的某种影响以及产生的后果；既涉及过去，又联系现在。即现在完成时的动作并非“现在”完成，而是“过去”完成，并重在强调动作完成的结果与影响。常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明确的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。例如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays等。Ihaveboughtanewcar.(“我”“已经购买”，“已经拥有”，重在强调“有”的结果与影响。)Ihavelivedhereforeightyears.（表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。）ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其构成是:否定式：have/hasnotbeendone疑问式:have/has+主语+beendone肯定式：have/hasbeen+done注意只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态,如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等。例如：What

hashappened

toyourbrother?2．但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。例如：（1）Thechildhasbeentakengoodcare

of

byhisgrandmaalltheseyears.（2）Anoticehasbeenput

uponthewall.3.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。例如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()×√Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Puttheverbsintothecorrectform.Wehaveboughtanewpersonalcomputer.2.Wehavefoundmanyproblemswithournewcomputer.Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputerbyus.3.TheyhavebuiltaPCthewaywewanted.4.TheyhavejustjoinedourcomputertotheInternet.5.Wehaveusedthecomputereverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Wehavewrittenalotofe-mailsonthecomputerinthepastyears.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewantedbythem.OurcomputerhasbeenjoinedtotheInternetbythem.Thecomputerhasbeenusedbyuseverydaysinceweboughtit.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepastyearsbyus.isplayedWasheasked把下列主动语态转化为被动语态:1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.Football__________allovertheworldbypeople.2.Didtheyaskhimsomequestions?_____________anyquestionsbythem?hasbeenbrokenwasforgivenShouldbedone3.Whohasbrokenthewindow?Bywhom_____thewindow________________?4.Youforgavehimhisrudeness,didn'tyou?He_________________hisrudenessbyyou,wasn'the?5.Shouldwedotheworktodayortomorrow?________thework__________todayortomorrowbyus?belookedisbeingbuiltwillbelenttowillbelent6.Weoughtnottolookdownuponthisjob.Thisjoboughtnotto_________downuponbyus.7.Theworkersarebuildinganewroad.Anewroad___________bytheworkers.8.Tomwilllendmeacamera.Acamera____________mebyTom.I___________acamerabyTom.waswarnedwasmade9.TheywarnedMarythatthedogwasdangerous.Mary____________thatthedogwasdangerousbythem.10.Thefarmermadethehorseworkthewholeday.Thehorse________toworkthewholedaybythefarmer.1.—What’shappeninginthenewarea?—Newhouses_______recentlyoverthere.A.arebuiltB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt【即学即练】【解析】选D。句意：——在新地区发生什么事了？——最近新房子已经在那里建起来了。主语与谓语动词的关系为被动，故排除B、C两项。recently常与现在完成时连用。2.Thereisapolicecarinfrontofourneighbor’shouse.Whatdoyousuppose_______?A.didhappenB.hashappenedC.ishappenD.hasbeenhappened【解析】选B。句意：在我们邻居的房前有一辆警车。你认为发生什么事了？根据句意，时态应和现在有关，故排除A项。happen无被动语态，故D项错误。C项形式不正确。3.Thisisoneofthehighestbuildingsthat

inourcityrecently.【2012重庆高一检测】

aresetupB.isputupC.havebeensetup

D.havebeenputup【解析】选C。句意：这是最近在我们城市建的最高的大楼之一。setup为“建设；建立”；putup为“张贴；举起；搭建”。根据主语和时间状语，可排除A、B两项。4.The

construction

of

the

two

new

railway

lines_________by

now.【2012汉中高一检测】A.has

completed

B.have

completedC.have

been

completed

D.has

been

completed【解析】选D。句意：这两条新铁路线的建设到现在已经完工了。根据句意应为被动结构故排除A、B两项。主语是construction，为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。5.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey____beforeleavingtheirhometowns.【2010福建，28】A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised【解析】选D。句意：每年大批农民到达深圳去寻找在他们离开之前被许诺的挣钱的工作。根据句意，应为被动语态，故排除A、C两项。B项为一般过去时的被动，和现在没有任何关系，仅表示一个过去的被动动作。题干中everyyear说明和现在有