必考点07 阅读理解（人教版2019）（解析版）

必考点07阅读理解题型一：词义猜测题和细节理解题（2022·广东·深圳科学高中高一期中）4HotelsThatWillMakeYourLifeEasierForthebusinesstravelerwhoisallaboutefficiency:Checkoutthesehotelsthatwillgetyouinandoutwithaminimumoftrouble.Whenyouarepressedfortimeonabusinesstrip,nothingcaninfuriateyoumorethanaslowhotelcheck-inprocess.Onyournexttrip,trythesehotelsthatofferaspeediercheck-inprocess.1.YotelNewYorkTheself-servicekiosks(售货亭)atthishigh-techNewYorkhotelworkjustliketheonesyou’dseeatanairport.Therearejustfive-stepstoregisterandobtainyourcardkey.Thereisevenaroboticluggagebellboy.Youtapinthenumberofbagsyouarecarryingandsizes,thenwaitforarobotarmtoswingdownandstoreyourluggageinalocker(say,foradaytrip).Thisalsospeedsupthecheck-inprocessifthefirstthingyouneedtodo,likeme,isheadingtoaseriesofmeetings2.MarriottDetroitAirportAnotheroptionforbusinesstravelersinahurry:Marriottisrollingoutitsmobilecheck-inappto325hotelsthisyear,includingtheMarriottDetroitAirporthotel(I’vetestedtheappitselfbutnotforarealvisitquiteyet).Hereisthebasicidea:youdownloadtheiPhoneorAndroidapp.Thenightbefore,youcan“check-in”virtually.Whenyouarrive,yougetanalertthattheroomisreadyandyourkey,whichisalreadytiedtoyourreservation,iswaitingforyouatthedesk.3.HyattRegencyMinneapolisIhappenedtostayatthishotelrecentlyandlikedhowfastthekioskcheck-inworks.LiketheYotel,thekioskasksyoutoinsertyourcreditcard,similartoanairportterminal.Thewholeprocesstookaboutthreeminutes,whenIleft,Iwasequallyimpressed-withthefastcheck-out.Anagentmeetsyouinthelobbywithanipadandasksforanemailtouseforareceipt.Thebigadvantage:youneverhavetowaitinline.4.Radisson:LaCrosseTheRadissonistryingtomakethekioskprocessevenfaster.AtafewselectedhotelsliketheRadissonLacrosseinWisconsin,youuseamobileapptoregisterandthenreceiveabarcodebyemailortext.Whenyougetthekiosk,youscanthebarcodetogetyourkeywithoutanyotherstepsrequired.It’ssuperfast.Youcanfindthisnewcheck-insystemattheRadissonhotelsinSaltLakeCity,Seattle,andPhoenixaswell.1．Whatdoes“infuriate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．interest B．anger C．trouble D．mislead2．Whichtwohotelsoffersamobileappforcustomerstocheckin?A．YotelNewYorkandMarriottDetroitAirportB．HyattRegencyMinneapolisandRadisson:LacrosseC．MarriottDetroitAirportandHyattRegencyMinneapolisD．MarriottDetroitAirportandRadisson:Lacrosse3．Whichhotelwillsendyoureceiptbyemail?A．YotelNewYorkB．HyattRegencyMinneapolisC．Radisson:LacrosseD．MarriottDetroitAirport4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．AtYotelNewYork,arobotwillhelpyouwithallthecheck-inprocessB．Withitscheck-inapp,youmayenteryourroominMarriottwithoutakeyC．HyattRegencyMinneapolisisclosetoanairportterminal.D．ThebarcodeyoureceivefromRadissoncontributestothefastcheck-in【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了让人们的生活更轻松的4家宾馆。1．词句猜测题。划线词句前半部分“Whenyouarepressedfortimeonabusinesstrip(当你出差时间紧迫时)”以及后文“aslowhotelcheck-inprocess(缓慢的宾馆登记手续)”说明当你出差时，遇到时间紧迫，但宾馆登记手续却非常的缓慢的情况，你肯定会很着急，很气恼，从而推知划线词句“nothingcaninfuriateyoumorethanaslowhotelcheck-inprocess.(没有什么比缓慢的酒店登记手续更让你infuriate)”其中划线词汇应为“使着急，让某人发怒”的意思，选项B“激怒”与之意义最为接近。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据2.MarriottDetroitAirport下列段落中“Marriottisrollingoutitsmobilecheck-inappto325hotelsthisyear,includingtheMarriottDetroitAirporthotel.(Marriott今年将向325家酒店推出手机入住应用程序，其中包括MarriottDetroitAirport宾馆)”以及4.Radisson:LaCrosse下列段落中“AtafewselectedhotelsliketheRadissonLacrosseinWisconsin,youuseamobileapptoregisterandthenreceiveabarcodebyemailortext.(在一些选定的酒店，比如威斯康辛州的RadissonLacrosse酒店，你可以使用手机应用程序注册，然后通过电子邮件或文本接收条形码)”可知，MarriottDetroitAirport和Radisson:Lacrosse两家宾馆提供手机应用程序供顾客办理入住。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据3.HyattRegencyMinneapolis下列段落中“Anagentmeetsyouinthelobbywithanipadandasksforanemailtouseforareceipt.(一个代理人拿着ipad在大厅与你会面，并索要一封电子邮件用作收据)”可知，HyattRegencyMinneapolis宾馆会通过电子邮件发送收据。故选B项。4．细节理解题。根据4.Radisson:LaCrosse下列段落中“AtafewselectedhotelsliketheRadissonLacrosseinWisconsin,youuseamobileapptoregisterandthenreceiveabarcodebyemailortext.Whenyougetthekiosk,youscanthebarcodetogetyourkeywithoutanyotherstepsrequired.It’ssuperfast.(在威斯康星州的RadissonLacrosse等一些精选酒店，你可以使用移动应用程序注册，然后通过电子邮件或文本接收条形码。当你获得kiosk时，你可以扫描条形码来获得钥匙，而不需要任何其他步骤。这超级快)”可知，你从Radisson收到的条形码有助于快速办理入住手续。故选D项。解题技巧：1.词义猜测题涉及语篇的方方面面,大到题材背景、段落布局、文章主旨,小到作者的观点态度和句子结构等。无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是文章中需要理解的生词,考生都可以利用构词法、同义近义词、反义词、逻辑关系、定义和解释、例证、同等关系及生活常识和文化背景等方法猜出单词或短语的意思。词义猜测题体现了高考对考生的文化品格要求越来越高,考生需要掌握一些行之有效的方法。利用“构词法”猜词利用“语境”猜词利用“逻辑”猜词：同义关系、因果关系利用“指代”猜词：代词one，it,that等可以指代上文提到的人或事物利用“定义”或“复述”猜词：“定义”:生词往往出现在前面,定义或解释往往跟在生词的后面,由or或破折号引出。“复述”:用不同的词语重复表达同一内容。2.细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解,特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。细节理解类题在高考试卷中占很大的比例,特别是在应用文、说明文和记叙文中,更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。掌握技巧,灵活运用(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句,仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。(2)变通理解,间接转述找答案细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。明确干扰,破除陷阱(1)扩大或缩小范围文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almostall,nearly,morethan,over,onlyafew,normally等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。(2)偷换概念命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。(3)正误并存在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。题型二：推理判断和主旨大意题（2021·重庆市第七中学校高一阶段练习）Iwas11yearsoldwhenIaskedmymomforpianolessonsin2010.Wewereintheeconomiccrisis.Shesaidapolite“no”.Thatdidn’tstopme.Igoogledthemeasurementsforakeyboard,drewthekeysonapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.Iwouldclicknotesonanonlinekeyboardand“play”thembackonmypaperone—keepingthesoundtheymadeonthecomputerinmyhead.Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano.OncemymomsawthatIwasserious,sheborrowedmoneyandboughtme10lessons.Istillrememberthefirstone.Iwasstruckbyhowrealthesoundofthepianowas.Isatmygradeoneaftereightlessons.OnceIstartedsecondaryschool,wecouldn’taffordlessonsagain.Ipassedgradethree,andthengradefive,practicingonlyonmypieceofpaper.Oneevening,whenIwasabout13,mymomsaidshehadasurpriseforme;itwasanelectronickeyboard,boughtwithmoreborrowedmoney.ItwasthefirsttimeI’dplayedforher.Shewasinshock.Myschooldidn’toffermusicA-level.IfoundthePurcellSchoolforyoungmusicians.ButIhadtopassadifficulttest.Someofthequestionsinvolvedanevaluationofthecomposerorwhensomepiecewaswritten.Ifeltstressed.Tomyamazement,Iwasofferedaplace.AtPurcell,IspenttwoyearsworkingashardasIcould.Iperformedtoraisemoneyandsaveenoughtobuymyfirstpiano.WhenIleftPurcell,Iwasawardedtheseniorpianoprizeandsenioracademicmusicprize.IamnowattheGuildhallSchoolofMusic&DramainLondon.Ifeelproud:it’sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpiano,andI’matoneoftheworld’sleadingmusicschools.TheironyisthatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano---whatwecallmentalpractice.Thepaperpianohelpedarousemycuriosityabouthowmusicworks,thebuildingblocksthatformthepieces.5．Whydidtheauthor’smombuyhim10lessonsatlast?A．Shewasshockedbyhisfirstperformance.B．Shehadnodoubtabouthistalentforpiano.C．Sherealizedthathemeantwhathesaid.D．Shesuddenlymadeafortune.6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Honest. B．Determined. C．Humorous. D．Optimistic.7．Theunderlinedword“irony”inthelastparagraphshowsthattheauthorfelt________.A．surprised B．proud C．satisfied D．disappointed8．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．MentalPracticeMattersB．ASurprisefromMumC．LearningAnInstrumentCostsTooMuchD．SticktoYourDreams【答案】5．C6．B7．A8．D【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者年少时，对钢琴产生了浓厚兴趣，但是家境贫寒，无法供得起钢琴课，她没有放弃梦想，自己画了一个纸钢琴练习钢琴，之后坚持自己的梦想，最终进入了世界一流的音乐学校的故事。5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“OncemymomsawthatIwasserious,sheborrowedmoneyandboughtme10lessons.”（当我妈妈看到我是认真的，她借钱给我买了10节课。）可知，妈妈意识到作者说想要上钢琴课是认真的，最后给她买了10节课。故选C项。6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Iwas11yearsoldwhenIaskedmymomforpianolessonsin2010.Wewereintheeconomiccrisis.Shesaidapolite“no”.”（2010年，当我11岁的时候，我请求妈妈给我上钢琴课。我们正处于经济危机之中。她礼貌地说“不”。）及第二段“Thatdidn’tstopme.”（那没有阻止我。）及整段内容描写可知，尽管作者想要上钢琴课的要求被妈妈拒绝了，但是她没有气馁，因此，她是有决心的。故选B项。7．词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ifeelproud:it’sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpiano,andI’matoneoftheworld’sleadingmusicschools.”（我感到很自豪：我画纸钢琴已经10年了，我现在在世界一流的音乐学校之一里。）及最后一段关键句“thatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano---whatwecallmentalpractice.”（我继续在没有钢琴的情况下进行大量的练习——我们称之为心理练习。）可知，作者在世界一流的音乐学校之一里，但是仍然在没有钢琴的情况下进行练习，作者觉得这件事是让人意外的、诧异的。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。根据文章全文内容可知，本文讲述了作者年少时，对钢琴产生了浓厚兴趣，但是家境贫寒，无法供得起钢琴课，她没有放弃梦想，自己画了一个纸钢琴练习钢琴，之后坚持自己的梦想，最终进入了世界一流的音乐学校的故事。“SticktoYourDreams”（坚持你的梦想）最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。解题技巧：1.推理判断题的原则是依据原文，合理推断、适度推断,而不是妄加推断、过度推断。无论何种类型推断题,其推断的出发点是一致的,均应该掌握以下技巧和防范以下错误。●根据事实细节，推断合理信息●根据写作思路,推断段落发展结构框架;同时,还要注意作者行文时所运用的修辞手段,如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路,明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展做出比较科学合理的推断和预测。●根据用词风格，推断情感态度要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语,以及那些烘托气氛、渲染情感的词句,进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对或中立。●谨防失误解答推理判断题一定要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,即立足已知,推断未知,不能主观臆想，随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。推理判断题难度大,主要在于它的干扰项极具迷惑性,极易转移考生视线,使考生掉人陷阱。考生常出现的典型错误有:（1）张冠李戴命题人把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来,粗心的考生往往会不知不觉地中了圈套（2）以偏概全考生做题往往忽略了文章的主体,把注意力过度集中在某一点,最终得出“以偏概全”的结论（3）浮于表面每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是娱乐读者,或是阐述某个观点。这些信息通常以叙述的形式展现出来,作者并不发表自己的观点,因此主题往往比较含蓄。但是许多考生会分不清现象与本质,把现象等同于作者的意图（4）推己及人很多时候作者的态度倾向一般不会明确表明,往往隐含其中。考生易脱离原文而进行主观臆断，用自己的观点代替作者的观点2.解答主旨大意题的关键所在无疑是寻找主题句。主题句在文章中的位置主要有四种情况:段首、段末、在文中或隐含。●不同文体主旨题解题方法：(1)议论文或说明文议论文或说明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼应。(2)新闻报道新闻报道的主题句就是导语,即文章的首句或首段。正文采取倒金字塔形式--最重要事实,次要事实,最次要事实。(3)科研报告或调查报告反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，其内容主要包括“科研实验结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有accordingtoastudy,astudyshowed/proved,thisissuggestedbytheresultsofnewresearchon,scientistsrecentlyreported,astudyclaimed等。(4)记叙文纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。●排除干扰少失分(1)以偏概全:答案只阐述了局部信息或主旨的一部分。(2)主题过大:归纳概括过于宽泛,超出了文章要讨论的范围。(3)断章取义:以次要的事实、细节替代全文的主要观点。(4)无中生有:与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。（一）、（2022·广东·深圳科学高中高一期中）Thebossofabigcompanyneededtocalloneofhisemployeesaboutaseriousproblemwithoneofthemaincomputers.Hedialed-theemployee’shomephonenumberandwasgreetedwithachild’swhisper,“Hello?”Thebossasked,“Isyourdaddyathome?”“Yes,”whisperedthesmallvoice.“MayItalkwithhim?”themanasked.Tothesurpriseoftheboss,thesmallvoicewhispered,“No.”Wantingtotalkwithanadult,thebossasked,“Isyourmommythere?”“Yes,”cametheanswer.“MayItalkwithher?”Againthesmallvoicewhispered,“No.”Knowingthatitwasimpossiblethatayoungchildwouldbelefthomealone,thebossdecidedhewouldjustleaveamessagetothepersonwhoshouldbetherewatchingoverthechild.“Isthereanyonebesidesyou?”thebossaskedthechild.“Yes,”whisperedthechild,“Apoliceman.”Wonderingwhatapolicemanwouldbedoingathisemployee’shome,thebossasked,“MayIspeakwiththepoliceman?”“No,he’sbusy,”whisperedthechild.“Busydoingwhat?”askedtheboss.“Talkingtodaddyandmommyandthefireman,”camethewhisperedanswer.Growingconcernedandevenworriedasheheardwhatsoundedlikeahelicopterthroughtheearpieceonthephone,thebossasked,“Whatisthenoise?”“Ahelicopter.”answeredthewhisperedvoice.“Whatisgoingonthere?”askedtheboss,nowalarmed.Inaseriouswhisperingvoicethechildanswered,“Thesearchteamjustlandedthehelicopter.”Alarmedandconcernedandmorethanjustalittledisappointed,thebossasked,“Whyaretheythere?”Stillwhispering,theyoungvoicerepliedalongwithanuncleargiggly(窃笑),“Theyarelookingforme.”9．Whydidthebosscalltheemployee?A．Hewantedtotalktothechild.B．Hewantedtojoininthegame.C．Amaincomputerhadbrokendown.D．Healwayscaredabouthisemployees10．Whichofthefollowingcarreplacetheunderlinedword“alarmed”inParagraph7?A．inspired B．interested C．anxious D．curious11．Accordingtothepassage,whatwashappeninginfact?A．Thechildwasplayingatrick.B．Thebosswasofferinghelp.C．Theemployeewasindanger.D．Thechildwasmissing.【答案】9．C10．C11．A【解析】本文是记叙文。本文讲述一家大公司的老板需要给他的一个员工打电话，说他的一个电脑出了问题，但接电话的是个小孩，声音很小，他的话引起老板的好奇、担心、害怕，就一直追问他，结果是这个孩子在耍花招，捉弄大人。9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thebossofabigcompanyneededtocalloneofhisemployeesaboutaseriousproblemwithoneofthemaincomputers.(一家大公司的老板要给他的一个员工打电话，是告诉他的员工一个主要电脑出了严重的问题)”可知，老板给员工打电话是因为一个主要电脑出了问题，故选C。10．词义猜测题。根据第七段中“Growingconcernedandevenworriedasheheardwhatsoundedlikeahelicopter(直升机)throughtheearpieceonthephone(当他听到电话里的声音听起来像直升机时，他越来越关心，甚至担心起来)”可知，老板的心情的变化：由关心到担心，所以通过上下文的语境，可以判断出老板此时的心情是“担心、害怕的”；A.inspired受到鼓舞的；B.interested感兴趣的；C.anxious担心的，着急的；D.curious好奇的。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Stillwhispering,theyoungvoicerepliedalongwithanuncleargiggly(窃笑),“Theyarelookingforme.”(这个小孩在低语，这个稚嫩的声音伴随着不大清晰的窃笑声回答说：“他们正在找我”)”可知，这个小孩在低语：“他们正在找我。”，所以推断这个孩子在恶作剧。故选A。（二）、（2021·重庆市第七中学校高一阶段练习）Everybodyhatesrats.Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld—Japan,LosAngeles,Turkey—ratswillsoonbeman’snewbestfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescueworkerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan’tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.Howdoesitwork?First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat’sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat’sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmeltthatperson.Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.ChristianLinsteratCornellUniversity,NewYork,says,“Robots’nosesdon’tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat.”Ratscanalsoseeinthedark.Theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon’tneedelectricity!The“ratproject”isnotfinished,butJulieRyanofInternationalRescueCorpsinScotlandsays,“Itwouldbefantastic.Aratcouldgetintospaceswecouldn’tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn’tsafe.”Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).12．Intheworldearthquakecapitals,ratswillbecomepopularbecausetheycan________.A．getintosmallspacesB．taketheplaceofrescueworkersC．findfoodforsurvivorstrappedinbuildingsD．findthepositionofsurvivorstrappedinbuildings13．Fromthethirdparagraphweknowrescuerscanjudgeapersonisaliveby________.A．thenoisemadebytheratB．therat’sunusualbehaviorC．thesignalsentbytheradioontheratD．thesmellgivenoffbythepersontrapped14．Afterreadingthepassageweknowthatnow________.A．peoplestillusedogsandrobotsinrescueworkB．the“ratproject”hasbeencompletedalreadyC．ratshavereplaceddogsinsearchingforpeopleD．peoplearehappytoseearatinabuilding15．Themainideaofthepassageisabout________inanearthquake.A．theimportanceoftrainingratsB．theroleratswillplayC．waysofrescuingpeopleD．thereasonfornotusingdogs【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．B【解析】本文为一篇说明文。老鼠在地震后能够成为人类的好帮手。它能帮助定位困住的幸存者，从而方便救援者开展施救工作。12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescueworkerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan’tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.”（狗拯救生命。他们帮助救援人员找到活着的人。但是狗太大了，它们无法进入狭小的空间。所以现在一个新的研究项目正在使用一种更小的动物来拯救生命：老鼠）及第三段描写老鼠救援过程可知，老鼠在地震中能找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故选D项。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Whenthishappens,therat’sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat’sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.”（当这种情况发生时，老鼠的大脑会发出一个信号。这是发送到它背上的一个小型无线电，然后救援人员跟踪无线电信号。当老鼠的大脑活动跳跃时，救援人员就知道有人还活着）可知，救援人员可以通过老鼠身上的无线电信号来判断一个人是否还活着。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.”（地震后会发生什么?我们派出了救援犬）；文章第四段“Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.”（虽然已经有机器人可以做这项工作，但老鼠做得更好）及文章最后一段“The“ratproject”isnotfinished”（“老鼠工程”还没有结束）可以推知，人们在救援工作中仍然使用狗和机器人。故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.”（所以现在一个新的研究项目正在使用一种更小的动物来拯救生命：老鼠）并结合全文内容可知，本文介绍了老鼠将在地震救援中扮演的角色。故选B项。（一）、（2022·浙江·高一阶段练习）Afternoontea,themosttypicalofEnglishcustoms,is,perhapssurprisingly,arelativelynewtradition.ThecustomofdrinkingteabecamepopularinEnglandduringthe1660sthankstoKingCharlesIIandhiswife,anditwasnotuntilthemid-19thcenturythattheconceptof“afternoontea”firstappeared.AfternoonteawasintroducedbyAnna,theDuchessofBedford,intheyear1840.Atthattimelunchwastakenearlybuttheeveningmealwasservedfashionablylateateighto’clock,leavingalongperiodoftimebetweenthetwomeals.TheDuchesswouldbecomehungryintheafternoon,sosheaskedthatteaandcakebebroughttoherroomaroundfouro’clock.Thisbecameahabitofhersandlatershebeganinvitingfriendstojoinher.ThispalaceteapartywassuchasuccessthatitsoonspreadtoLondonandotherplacesinUKasafashionablesocialevent.Duringthe1880’s,upper-classwomenwoulddressupfortheirafternoontea,alsoknownas“lowtea”becauseteawastakenwhilesittinginlow,comfortablechairsorsofas.WhileLowTeawaslargelyagamefortheupperclass,“hightea”wasanecessarymealforworkingclassfamilies.DuringthesecondhalfoftheVictorianPeriod,workingfamilieswouldreturnhomelatetiredandexhausted.Asthemostimportantmealoftheday,thetablewouldbesetwithmeats,bread,butter,cheeseandofcourse,apotofgood,strongteatolifttheirspirits.Becauseitwaseatenatahigh,diningtable,itwascalled“high”tea.Toexperiencethebestoftheafternoonteatradition,treatyourselfwithatriptooneofLondon’sfinesthotels.Therearealsoawideselectionofold-fashionedtearoomsofferingafternoonteaexperience.WeprovideveryBritishafternoonteaexperiencetripsduringyourstayinLondon.Justtellyourtourguidewhenyouwanttotastethecultureandwewillarrangeeverythingforyouwithaveryreasonablecharge.It’llbeaonceinalifetimeexperience.Don’tmissit.1．WhydidtheDuchessofBedfordneedafternoontea?A．It’safashionablepalacesocialevent. B．It’satraditionfromKingCharlesII.C．Theeveningmealwastoolateforher. D．ShewantedtospreadteacultureinUK.2．Whatdoweknowabouthightea?A．Itwasagamefortheupperclass. B．ItwasstartedbyQueenVictoria.C．Itwasanoccasionalsocialactivity. D．Itwashighlyimportanttoworkingclass.3．WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Lowteawasmostlyenjoyedbyupper-classladies.B．Lowteawaseatenwhilesittinginlowchairsorsofas.C．Theteamakingpeopledspiritshighwascalledhightea.D．Highteawastakenbyworkingclassatahighdinningtable.4．What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Toexplaintheoriginofafternoontea. B．Toadvertiseforteaexperiencetrips.C．Tohonorthetraditionofdrinkingtea. D．Tointroducetwoafternoonteatypes.【答案】1．C2．D3．4．B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍关于英国下午茶的一些风俗，最后号召游客体验下午茶。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Atthattimelunchwastakenearlybuttheeveningmealwasservedfashionablylateateighto’clock,leavingalongperiodoftimebetweenthetwomeals.TheDuchesswouldbecomehungryintheafternoon,sosheaskedthatteaandcakebebroughttoherroomaroundfouro’clock.(当时午餐吃得很早，但晚餐很时髦是在八点钟后，两餐之间有很长一段时间。公爵夫人下午会饿，所以她要求在四点钟左右把茶和蛋糕送到她的房间。)”可知，主要是因为晚餐供应时间离午餐太久，所以（会饥饿的）公爵夫人要喝下午茶。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“WhileLowTeawaslargelyagamefortheupperclass,“hightea”wasanecessarymealforworkingclassfamilies.(虽然“下午茶（LowTea）”在很大程度上是上层阶级的游戏，但“下午茶（hightea）”却是工薪阶层家庭必不可少的一餐。）”以及“Asthemostimportantmealoftheday,thetablewouldbesetwithmeats,bread,butter,cheeseandofcourse,apotofgood,strongteatolifttheirspirits.(作为一天中最重要的一餐，餐桌上摆满了肉、面包、黄油、奶酪，当然还有一壶好的浓茶来提神。）”可知，下午茶对工薪阶层非常重要。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Becauseitwaseatenatahigh,diningtable,itwascalled“high”tea.(因为它是在高高的餐桌上吃的，所以被称为“high”茶。）”可知，之所以称之为“下午茶（hightea）”是因为是在高高的餐桌上吃的。C选择项表述错误。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“WeprovideveryBritishafternoonteaexperiencetripsduringyourstayinLondon.Justtellyourtourguidewhenyouwanttotastethecultureandwewillarrangeeverythingforyouwithaveryreasonablecharge.It’llbeaonceinalifetimeexperience.Don’tmissit.(在伦敦逗留期间，我们为您提供非常英式的下午茶体验之旅。当你想品尝文化时，只要告诉你的导游，我们会以非常合理的费用为你安排一切。这将是一生只有一次的经历。别错过了。）”可推断，文章主要的目的是打广告，让读者报名体验英国茶文化旅行。故选B。（二）、（2021·北京·临川学校高一期中）SUPPORTWORKERDoyouhavetheabilitytocareforothers?Canyouunderstandhowtheoldpeoplefeel?Areyouagoodcommunicator?Doyouhavegoodlisteningskills?Canyouworkonweekends?IfyouhaveansweredYEStotheabove,wewouldliketohearfromyou:☆Startingrateof￡8.56perhour☆Freeuniform☆ExcellenttrainingContactatusatcareers@WOWEEMAGAZINEWritersWanted!WoweeMagazineislookingforwritersforitswebsite.Payisbasedonthenumberofpeoplewhoreadyourarticles.Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.Thisisagreatchancetogetvaluableworkexperience.Wewantpeoplewhoare:chatty,interesting,enthusiastic,skilled.Contactusatinfo@CALLINGALLMODELSThinkyoucouldbeamodel?Ifso,we’dliketomeetyou!Workingasasuccessfulfashionmodelisn’teasybutitisveryexcitingandcouldbeagreatchance.Girlsshouldbeover16withaminimumheightof172cmandboysshouldhaveaminimumheightof182cm.Ifyouareunder16anddonotyethavetherequiredheight,wewouldstillbeinterestedinmeetingyou,butyoumustbringaparent.Contactusatinfo@top-model-agency.ukWORKFORCOFFEEBEANSJoinBritain’snumberonecafeatCoffeeBeans,whereeverycafehasthesameaims:tocreatefamily-liketeamsandtogiveexcellentcustomerservice.Manydifferentkindsofpeoplecomeandworkwithus,sostartyourcareeratCoffeeBeanstoday:☆Choosethehoursyouwork☆Getmanagementexperience☆ShareyourloveofcoffeeJoinusasaTeamMember,AssistantManagerofCafeManager,dependingonyourskillsandexperience.Emailusatjobs@coffeebeans.co.uk5．Whichaddressshouldyouemailatifyouwanttobeasupportworker?A．info@ B．jobs@coffeebeans.co.ukC．info@top-model-agency.uk D．careers@6．AwriterworkingforWoweeMagazinecan________.A．getafreeuniformB．bringaparentC．receiveticketstoeventsfornothingD．chooseworkinghours7．Whatcanwelearnaboutthejobsfromthejobpostings?A．Thechancetobeamodelisonlyforadults.B．Thereisnoneedtobetrainedasasupportworker.C．EmployeesatCoffeeBeanshavefewmanagementopportunities.D．ApplicantstoWoweeMagazinearesupposedtobesociableandenthusiastic.【答案】5．D6．C7．D【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四种工作。5．细节理解题。根据SUPPORTWORKER部分的“Contactatusatcareers@(请通过careers@联系我们)”可知，如果你想成为一名技术支持工作者，你应该发邮件到careers@，故选D。6．细节理解题。根据WOWEEMAGAZINE部分的“Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.(您还可以获得活动的免费门票和免费的产品来测试。)”可知，《Wowee》杂志的作者可以免费获得活动门票，故选C。7．细节理解题。根据WOWEEMAGAZINE部分的“Wewantpeoplewhoare:chatty,interesting,enthusiastic,skilled.(我们需要健谈、有趣、热情、熟练的人。)”可知，《Wowee》杂志的申请者应该善于交际，而且热情。故选D。（三）、（2022·新疆巴音郭楞·高一期末）Onacoldwinterday,Dontookhisdogs,MiloandDuke,outfortheirusualmorningwalkatBarkPark.ButthispeacefulwalkwasinterruptedbyMike,ananxiousdogownerwhowasmissinghisbestfriend.Hissmallgraydog,Jackson,hadgottenlostsomewhereinthepark-andhe'dalreadybeengoneforquitesometime.Smalldogsdon'tdoverywellincoldweather.Knowingthattherewasnotimetowaste,Donandhisowndogsimmediatelystartedsearchingthepark.Unfortunately,Jacksonwasnowheretobefound.IfDonhadn'thadhisowndogswithhim,Jacksonmightneverhavebeenfoundintime.Donwasabouttogiveuponthesearchandwasalreadyheadingbacktohiscar.ButasDonandhisdogswerecrossingthebridge,Milosuddenlynoticedsomethinginthewater.Thinkingthathisdoghadseenaduckorsomethingelse,Dontriedtopullontheleash,butMilowouldn'tlisten.Dukejoinedin,andthetwodogsinsistedthatsomethingwasgoingon.Donlookedoutacrossthebridgeandsawasmall,grayshapestrugglingintheicyriver.Therealityofthesituationclicked,andDonimmediatelybeganrunningdowntothewater'sedge.Doncalled911,butheknewthathelpwouldn'tarriveintime.Withoutevensparingathoughtforhimself,thebravemanjumpedintothewaterandmovedstraighttowardstheterrifieddog.Jacksonwastrappediniceandbarelyholdinghimselfabovewater.Donusedhisarmstobreaktheiceandquicklypulledthedogintohisarms.Thetwoswamoutofthewaterandbackontodryland.MikewaswaitingforJacksonandrushedhimstraighttoanearbyvetclinic.It'sreportedthatJacksondidn'tsufferanyharmfromtheincidentandisascheerfulasever.8．WhatwasDondoingwhenhemetMike?A．Swimming. B．Playinggames. C．Takingexercise. D．Walkinghisdogs.9．Whofirstsawthemissingdog,Jackson?A．Don. B．Mike. C．Milo. D．Duke.10．WhydidDonjumpintowatertorescueJackson?A．Jacksonwashisbestfriend. B．Helovedthedogverymuch.C．MiloandDukeaskedhimtodoso. D．Therewasn'tenoughtimewaitingfortherescue.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Bravedogs:MiloandDuke B．MissingdogfoundintheriverC．Bravemansavesdogtrappedinice D．Awalkonacoldmorninginthepark【答案】8．D9．C10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Don跳入冰水救狗的故事。8．细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Onacoldwinterday,Dontookhisdogs,MiloandDuke,outfortheirusualmorningwalkatBarkPark.ButthispeacefulwalkwasinterruptedbyMike,ananxiousdogownerwhowasmissinghisbestfriend.(在一个寒冷的冬日，Don带着他的狗Milo和Duke，去Bark公园散步。但这段平静的散步被Mike打断了，他是一位焦急寻找爱犬的狗主人)”可知，当Don遇到Mike时，他正在遛狗。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“ButasDonandhisdogswerecrossingthebridge,Milosuddenlynoticedsomethinginthewater.(但是当Don和他的狗过桥时，Mil