教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力题库及答案（重点题）

教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力题库及答案（重点题）

单选题（共50题）1、Whenthetrain__________,alltheschoolstudentsweresurprisedtoseethattheCarlisleteamhadonemanonly.A.pulleddownB.pulledonC.pulledoffD.pulledin【答案】D2、TotalPhysicalResponseMethodbelongstothecomprehensionapproachwhichespeciallyemphasizesontheunderstandingof__________.Teachersgiveinstructionsinforeignlanguageandstudentsneedtousebodymovementstorespondtotheteachers.A.listeningB.speakingC.readingD.writing【答案】A3、Itisgenerallyagreedthatthefirsttruecitiesappearedabout5,000yearsagointhefood-producingcommunitiesoftheMiddleEast．ThecitiesofSumeria,EgyptandtheIndusValleypossessedanumberofcharacteristicsthatdistinguishedthemastrulyurban．Thecitieswereverymuchlargerandmoredenselypopulatedthananyprevioussettlement,andtheirfunctionwasclearlydifferentiatedfromthatofthesurroundingvillages．InthecitiestheoldpatternsofkinshiprelationswerereplacedbyacomplexhierarchyofsocialclassesbasedonthespecializationofA.AlocalrestaurantB.AtownhallC.AlocaltheatreD.Anopenmarket【答案】D4、Inspeakingactivities,aspeakeroftentriestoavoidusingadifficultwordorstructureandchoosestouseasimplerone.Whatlearningstrategydoesthespeakeruse?A.SimplificationB.GeneralizationC.ParaphraseD.Avoidance【答案】D5、Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Diachronicity【答案】D6、Passage1A.stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluenceB.havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluenceC.areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothersD.areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential【答案】C7、ThenumberofAmericanswhoreadbookshasbeendecliningforthirtyyears,andthosewhodoreadhavebecomeproudof,evenabitover-identifiedwith,theenterprise.AlongsidethetotebagsyoucanfindT-shirts,magnets,andbuttonsprintedorsewnwithcoversofclassicnovels;theWebsiteEtsysellstightsprintedwithpoemsbyEmilyDickinson.AspreadinTheParisReviewfeaturedliterature-inspiredpaint-chipcolors.Themerchandisingofreadinghasacuriouslyundifferentiatedflavor,asifwhatyoureadmatteredlessthanthatyoureaD.Inthisclimateofembattledbibliophilia,anewsubgenreofbooksaboutbookshasemerged,amixofliterarycriticism,autobiography,self-help,andimmersionjournalism:authorsundertakereadingstuntstoprovethatreading--anything--stillmatters."IthoughtofmyadventureasOff-RoadorExtremeReading,"PhyllisRosewritesin"TheShelf:FromLEQtoLES",thelateststuntbook,inwhichshereadsthroughamoreorlessrandomshelfoflibrarybooks.Shecompareshervoyage,toErnestShackleton'sexplorationsintheAntarctic."However,Iliketosleepunderaquiltwithmyheadonagoosedownpillow,"shewrites."SoIwouldreadmywayintotheunknown--intothepathlesswastes,intothinair,withnoreviews,nobest-sellerlists,nocollegecurricula,noNationalBookAwardsorPulitzerPrizes,noads,nopublicity,notevenwordofmouthtoguideme."A.ItbringsaboutsurprisesB.Itfailstotrackreaders'habitsC.ItignoresthecontentofbooksD.Itfailstoconsiderreader'spreferences【答案】A8、Passage2A.thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesocietyB.exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenareC.exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsocietyD.theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren【答案】A9、WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistallestbridgeintheworldwonworldwideaccolades.Germannewspapersdescribedhowit“floatedabovetheclouds”with“eleganceandlightness”and“breathtaking”beauty.InFrance,paperspraisedthe“immense”“concretegiant.”WasitmerecoincidencethattheGermanssawbeautywheretheFrenchsawheftandpower?LeraBorodiskythinksnot.Inaseriesofcleverexperimentsguidedbypointedquestions,Boroditskyisamassingevidencethat,yes,languageshapesthought.Theeffectispowerfulenough,shesays,that“theprivatementallivesofspeakersofdifferentlanguagesmaydifferdramatically,”notonlywhentheyarethinkinginordertospeak,“butinallmannerofcognitivetasks,”includingbasicsensoryperception.“Evenasmallflukeofgrammar”—thegenderofnouns—“canhaveaneffectonhowpeoplethinkaboutthingsintheworld,”shesays.A.ReflectingontopicsthatappealtotheauthorandreadersB.IntroducingnewevidencetowhathasbeenconfirmedbeforeC.IdentifyingthekindsofquestionssupportedbytheexperimentsD.Claimingthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesdifferdramatically【答案】B10、Ifateacherasksstudentstolistasmanywaysastheycantotellsomeonetoopenthedoorandlistthepossiblefunctionsofasentenceindifferentcontexts,he/sheisprobablytryingtohighlight__________.A.thepotentialmeaningsofasentenceB.differentrealizationsofthesamefunctionC.therelationshipbetweenformandfunctionD.differentwaysofgettingpeopletodothesamething【答案】C11、Passage2A.largestB.secondlargestC.thirdlargestD.fourthlargest【答案】B12、请阅读Passage2，完成此题。A.Theydidn'tneedtopayhighertaxeswhenlivinginsuburbsB.CarindustryrapidlydevelopedandmotorwaysswiftlyemergedC.TheydiscriminatedagainsttheblackpeoplelivingincitycentersD.Therichertheygrew,themoredemandtheyhadonprivacyandspace【答案】D13、TheultimategoalofEnglisheducationistodevelopstudents′abilitytocommunicateinEnglish.There-fore,Englisheducationshouldbe__________.A.communication-focusedB.ability-orientedC.knowledge-centeredD.speaking-oriented【答案】B14、WhichofthefollowingsoundsdoesnotbelongtotheallomorphsoftheEnglishpluralmorphemeA.[s]B.[z]C.[]D.[iz]【答案】C15、Teacher:Afterlistening,ansu,erthefollowingtwoquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheardfromthetape.A.InferringB.ListeningforthegistC.ListeningfordetailsD.Dictation【答案】A16、Wedon'tthink（）possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it【答案】D17、请阅读Passagel。完成第小题。A.ThereisstillalongwaytogoforeconomiststogenuinelycontributetoglobalhealthB.Economists'roleinglobalhealthis,toalargeextent,negativeC.EconomistsincreasedtheinequalityofresourceallocationsinglobalhealthD.Economicsisonlyonescienceamongmanythatpolicymakershavetotakeintoaccountinprovidinghealthcareprograms【答案】A18、请阅读短文，完成第小题。A.HewasindifferenttohisneighborsB.HewantedhissontodohishomeworkC.HewouldliketoconcentrateonhisownworkD.Hethoughtthatnothingunusualoccurredintheneighborhood【答案】D19、“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,aA.collectedfromelsewhereB.madepartofthebuildingsC.donatedbypeopleD.boughtbychurches【答案】B20、Muchofthepowerofthetradeunionshasbeenlost．__________,theirpoliticalinfluenceshouldbeverygreat．A.AsaresultB.AsusualC.EvensoD.Sofar【答案】C21、Morphemesthatrepresent"tense","number","gender","case"andsofortharecalled__________morphemes．A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational【答案】A22、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.TheotherthingstheymakearenotsellingwellB.GlassmanufacturerscannotmakeenoughnewbottlesC.TheyhavefactorieswhichcouldbeadaptedtomakeitD.Thepriceofoilkeepschanging【答案】A23、请阅读短文，完成第小题。A.ThedegreeitofferstoallofitsgraduatesB.ThejobprospectsitopensupforitsstudentsC.ThemanagerialpositionsitprovidesforitsstudentsD.Thefacilitiesandequipmentitprovidesforitsstudents【答案】B24、Whichindefinitearticle"a"shouldbereademphaticallyinthefollowingsentencesA.Heisahandsomeboy,butnotsmartB.Heisnotasuspect,heisthesuspectC.HeboughtacartoonbookforhissonD.Heistalkingwithamiddle-agedman【答案】B25、Passage1A.ItisintendedtokeeptrackoftrafficjamsB.ItcanshowwherealltrafficlightsareC.ItenablesphonestosharetheinformationD.Itworksasabrakethatslowsdownthecar【答案】C26、Thesenserelationofthefollowingpairofsentences(seeXandY)is__________.X.Mar)"hasbeentoJapan.Y.MaryhasbeentoAsia,A.XentailsYB.XpresupposesYC.XisinconsistentwithYD.XissynonymouswithY【答案】A27、Beforeyouleavetheoffice,__________alllightsareout.A.seewhichB.seeingthatC.toseethatD.seetoitthat【答案】D28、Crash.Shatter.Boom.Crash.Shatter.Boom.Smatteringofsillydialogue.Prettygirlscreams:A.Theaudiencesdon'tlikethefinalconfrontationB.ThedisadvantagesofTransformers4aremoreobviousthanadvantagesC.PuttingintotoomuchwhatthedirectorskilledposesnegativeeffectD.ThedirectorBayonlyfocusesonthe3-Dworks【答案】C29、Truefriendshipislikesoundhealth,thevalue__________isseldomknownuntilitislost.A.onwhichB.ofwhichC.aboutwhichD.amongwhich【答案】B30、Thishotel__________$60forasingleroomwithbath．A.claimsB.demandsC.pricesD.charges【答案】D31、Whatitemsaremainlyassessedinthefollowingquestions?A.LanguageperformanceB.ImprovementinstrategiesC.ProgressD.Classroomparticipation【答案】D32、Doyouthink_______agoodideathathesoldthevegetablesathalfprice_______letthemgobad?A.it’s;aswellasB.it;ratherthanC.it’s;insteadofD.it;asgoodas【答案】B33、——Willyoubeabletogoswimmingwithus?——_______.A.I'mafraidnotB.I'mafraidC.I'mnotafraidD.I'mnotafraidso【答案】A34、Whenateachercorrectstheerrorsofhis/herstudents,whatmeasuresshouldn’t，he/sheuseatfirst?A.TogivethestudentswhomakeserrorthefirstopportunitytocorrectitB.BTogetotherstudentstocorrectitC.CTocorrectthestudentdirectlyD.Tohintstudentstheirerrors【答案】A35、Coldandhotarecalled______antonyms.A.complementaryB.gradableC.homophonesD.converse【答案】B36、Passage1A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecentlyB.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon'tsueexceptthewhitesC.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthemD.manydiscriminatedpeopledon'tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits【答案】D37、Passage1A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepastB.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementinthepastC.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan'tfreeoldworkersfromagediscriminationD.therecentproposedcongressionallegislationisineffective【答案】A38、WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTbelongtolearningstrategy?A.EnrichstudybyusingaudiovisualandnetworkB.Designinquiry-learningactivitiesandadaptlearningobjectivesasneededC.Conductself-assessmentinlearningandadaptlearningobjectivesasneededD.Workoutstagelearningobjectivesandwaystoreachthem【答案】B39、Whichofthefollowingisleastrecommendedatthelead-instageinareadingclass?A.Activatingstudents’schemaofthetopicB.GivingadviceonhowtousereadingstrategiesC.SharingbackgroundinformationaboutthetextD.Correctinglanguagemistakesstudentshavemade【答案】D40、Whichofthefollowingmayillustratethedifferencebetween"competence"and__________"performance"?A.Whataperson"knows"andwhathe/she"does"B.Whataperson"cando"andwhathe/she"does"C.Whataperson"does"andwhathe/she"knows"D.Whataperson"does"andwhathe/she"cando"【答案】A41、Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicedbilabialstop?A./m/B./v/C./p/D./b/【答案】D42、Passage1A.ShetookgoodcareoflittleOprahB.ShewasverystrictwithlittleOprahC.ShefailedtodisciplineOprahforhermisbehaviorD.Shemarriedagainandhadanothertwochildren【答案】C43、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.ANew"Mother"toDigitallyNagYouB.ANewElectronicDeviceComeintoBeingC."Mother"isBetterthanOtherDevicesD."Mother"istoCareforYou【答案】A44、请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。A.MostAmericanstudentscheatinexamsbeforetheyenteruniversitiesB.MostAmericanstudentsenteringtheuniversitiesadmittheyhavecheatedC.HalfofstudentsenteringtheuniversitiesadmittocheatingontheirhomeworkD.ThereisacademicdishonestyamongstudentsenteringtheUSUniversity【答案】D45、Howmanyliaisonsofsoundarethereinthesentence"Tellusallaboutit"?A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【答案】D46、IfhehadfoughtintheFirstWorldWar,hemighthavereturned________A.adifferentmanB.withadifferentmanC.asadifferentmanD.tobeadifferentman【答案】C47、Theactivityof“describinganddrawing”forvocabularyconsolidationisoftendone_________．A.outsidetheclassroomB.withoutdoinganythingC.individuallyD.inpairs【答案】D48、请阅读Passage1。完成第小题。A.TheygaveuppoachingB.TheykilledmoreelephantstogetthesamequantityofivoryC.Tothem,gameisoverD.Theyrealizeditwasillegaltoslaughterelephants【答案】B49、Whichofthefollowingisadisplayquestion?A.Whatpartofspeechis"immense"?B.Howwouldyoucommentonthisreport?C.WhydoyouthinkHemingwayisagoodwriter?D.Whatdoyouthinkofthecharactersinthisnovel?【答案】A50、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.CountryLifeHasManyAdvantagesB.CityPeoplePreferVillagetoCityC.CountryLifeandCityLifeD.Cit"LifeisBetterThanCountryLife【答案】C大题（共10题）一、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。下列两个教学片段选自某初中课堂实录，阅读后回答问题。片段一S1：HaveyoueverbeentoParis?$2:No,Ihaven't.Haveyou?S1:Yes.It'swonderful.$2:Howlongdidyoustayed?S1:Oneweek.$2:Thebuildingsarebeautiful,yes?S1:Yes,andthestreets...theriver...$2:Ah.HaveyoueverbeeninRome?S1:IstheNeonbiggerthantheChevy?$2:Yes,itis.IstheLexuscheapthan...【答案】(1)片段一属于流利性训练。片段二属于准确性训练。(2)片段一属于流利性训练，因为语段中出现了语法错误，如Howlongdidyoustayed明显不符合语法规范。但并没有及时纠正过来，可见其侧重的是对语言流利性的训练，而非语言精确性训练。片段二属于准确性训练，因为语段中出现了语法错误，而教师立即引导学生纠正了错误，如S2：Yes，itis．IstheLexuscheapthan…T：Cheap…S2：IstheLexuscheaperthantheChevy由此可见此段侧重对语言准确性的训练，而弱化了流利性。(3)①流利性训练利：使学生英语口语流利，增强其自信心。弊：经常出现不流利的英语，语法等常常出现错误，影响其英语写作的准确性。②准确性训练利：使学生在说英语时随时注意语法使用的正确性，使其在语言表达上精确恰当。弊：因为太关注准确性，时常会纠正错误而导致口语不流利，因而导致学生因为常犯错误而自信心下降。二、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。一位教师在英语教学过程中，按照听、说、读、写顺序指导学生学习英语，强调模拟、重复、记忆和句型练习，极力避免学生出现语言错误。请问该教师采用了什么教学法?该教学法有哪些优缺点?【答案】该教师采用了听说法。(1)听说法的优点：①重视听说训练，有利于培养学生的听力能力和自然的语音语调；②通过句型操练，能够利用有限的语言材料使学生较快地学会口语表达；③在加强听、说能力，提高学生外语实践水平上有一定作用。(2)听说法的缺点：①只注意句型本身意义，忽视物质意义和情景意义，从而造成学生往往并不了解句子的确切含义；②一般不指明语法规则，使学生对语言体系没有一个清晰准确的概念，加上机械性重复练习．学生的语言创造生成的能力得不到培养和发挥；③它是一个脱离语境，忽视意义的模式体系，所以不利于培养学生进行自然的语言交际的能力。三、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。课堂教学设计是以获得最优化的教学效果为目的，提高课堂教学质量的一项关键工作。简述其五个基本要素，并说明基本程序。【答案】(1)课堂教学设计的五个基本要素：教学任务及对象；教学目标；教学策略；教学过程；教学评价。(2)课堂教学设计的基本程序：①分析教学任务，阐述教学的预期目标；从学习的需求分析开始，了解教学中存在的问题，学生的实际情况与期望水平之间的差距。这样以解决“为什么”及“学什么”和“教什么”的问题。②分析学生特征，教师在分析具体的教学内容时，不仅要考虑课程、单元及课时的教学内容的选择和安排，更需考查学生在进行学习之前，对于本课程中本单元的学习内容具有什么知识和技能，即对学生初始能力的评定，了解学生的一般特征和对所学内容的兴趣和态度，即确定学生的起点状态。③明确具体的学习目标，分析学生从起点状态过渡到终点状态应掌握的知识、技能或应形成的态度与行为习惯：即学生通过学习应该掌握什么知识和技能。④确定教学策略，考虑用什么方式和方法给学生呈现教材，提供学习指导；考虑怎样才能实现学习目标或教学目标。解决“怎么学”和“怎么教”的问题，其中应考虑教学媒体的选择和应用，根据不同的情况选择不同的教学媒体或教学资源。⑤实行教学设计评价，考虑如何对教学的结果进行科学的测量与评价。考虑用什么方法引起学生的反应并提供反馈：对学和教的行为做出评价，在行为评价时，一方面要以目标为标准进行评价，另一方面评价提供了关于教学效果的反馈信息，从而对模式中所有步骤作重新审查，特别应检验目标和策略方面的决定。四、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。以下是两位教师为学生布置的作业：?Teacher1Step4:Homework1.Writenewwordsandphrasesonthenotebook.2.Finishexercise3onPage21.(Textbook)3.Finishexerciseson24.(Exercisebook)Teacher2Step4:Homework1.Findsomerelativeinformationabouttoday'slessonontheInteract.2.Shareyourfindingswithyourgroupmembersandpresenttothewholestudentsnextclass.请根据所给材料回答下面3个问题。(1)分析两位教师布置作业的特点，并指出其不足之处。(10分)【答案】(1)第一位教师布置作业的特点是作业布置紧贴考试内容，注重知识的掌握。不足：比较枯燥，死板，无法引起学生的兴趣；作业量太大。第二位教师布置作业的特点是注重锻炼学生收集资料、自主学习、团队合作的能力。不足：作业的完成缺乏有效的监督，很难落实学生是否认真搜集资料并与小组其他同学进行了分享和讨论。(2)注意事项：①作业的形式。作业形式要新颖有趣，不只是抄写单词、句型、语篇，因为它机械地重复，枯燥无味，会失去挑战性，无法引起学生的学习兴趣。②作业的量。过多的练习，会使学生感到望而生畏。部分学生一开始作业认真，由于量大难度大就马虎起来。乱填一气。因此，教师在布置作业的时候要把握好作业的量与难度。③作业的难度。作业过难，基础差的学生干脆不写，或者抄袭别人的作业；作业过于简单，基础好的同学会感觉毫无挑战。因此，教师设计作业要充分考虑到学生的个体差异，把握好作业的难度设置。④作业布置的有效性。教师布置的口头作业，如记忆语篇、和同伴编一段情景对话、用英语向家人介绍某人某物等等，由于没有有效地监督和及时有效地检查，有的学生忽视了这项作业，失去了锻炼口头交际能力和语言的综合运用能力的机会。针对此现象，教师在布置作业时要确保作业的有效完成。(3)常见的英语作业形式有：课时作业、课本剧表演作业、问卷调查作业、采访型作业、开放型作业、实践操作型作业、辩论型作业等。五、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。下面是某教师的课堂教学片段：T:Whatdidyourmumdoyesterday,WangLin?S:Mymumbuyedthedressforme.T:Oh,thatisnice.Yourmumboughtitforyou,didshe?S:Yes.T:Wheredidshebuyit?S:Shebuyeditintown.T:Oh,sheboughtitintownforyou.Well,itisverynice.请根据所给材料回答下列三个问题。(1)学生在对话中的语言错误是什么?(6分)(2)该教师采用什么方式来纠正学生的错误?效果如何?(12分)(3)教师还可以采用哪些方式纠错?请举例说明。(12分)【答案】(1)该学生犯了13语语法错误，用错了动词过去式的形式。即Mymumbuyedthedressforme.buyed→bought，Shebuyeditintown.buyed→bought。(2)该教师采用了重述法(Recasts)来纠正学生的错误。教师对学生语言表达中的错误进行了含蓄纠正。即先进行部分肯定之后用正确的语言重述学生的表达，不指出错误，而通过不同的语气(如反问)、语调、眼神、动作等，让学生自己意识到自己的错误。此纠错技巧对于纠正学生口语中的语法错误比较有效。(3)①直接纠错法(ExplicitCorrection)当学生出现语言错误时，教师打断语言训练或实践活动，对其错误予以正面纠正(说出正确的语言形式。并让学生改正)。这种纠错方式常用于旨在让学生掌握正确的语言形式而进行的机械操练或侧重语言精确输出的各种练习中。教师可用以下课堂用语：Youshouldsay…/No，youshouldn’tsaythat…/Readafterme./Payattentionto…/Oh，youmean…，Wedon’tsay…inEnglish，wesay…等，例如：T：Whatdidyoudolastnight?S：Igotoseeamoviewithmyparents.T：Oh.Youshouldsay“Iwenttoseeamoviewithmyparents”.S：Oh.sorry.1wenttoseeamoviewithmyparents.②强调纠错法(Pinpointing)教师重复学生的话.有意重读并拖长出错部分的发音或用升调以表示特别强调。这种方法常用于学生的自我纠错。这样既能纠正学生的口语错误，保证学生顺利进行口头叙述，又能顾及学生的自尊心，促进他们参与口语活动的积极性。例如：T：Wheredidyougoonvacationthissummer?S：IgotoHongKongformyvacation.T：YougotoHongKong?六、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。阅读所给材料，回答下列三个问题：(1)这两份材料分别属于哪种语篇类型?(6分)(2)这两份材料分别适合于哪种课堂教学?说明理由(至少写出两个要点)。(12分)(3)分析教师选用文本材料时需要考虑的基本要素(至少写出三个要点)。(12分)材料1Tom:HelloAlice.I'minterestedinyourworksavingbirds!Whatdoyouthinkisthemostdifficultpartofyourwork?Alice:Well...Isupposeit'ssavingwildbirdscoveredinoil.That'sthemostdifficultofall.Tom:Howdoesthathappen?Alice:Theoilcomesfromboats.Itfloatsonthewaterandcoversthebird'sfeatherswhentheyswimthroughit.Tom:Thatsoundsterrible.Whatdoyoudoaboutit?Alice:Thefirstthingwedoistomakesurethebirdhasn'ttriedtocleanitselfwithitsbeak.Asitdoesso,thebirdeatssomeoilandbecomessick.【答案】(1)语篇指的是实际使用的语言单位，是一次交际过程中的一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体。根据韩礼德的观点，语篇是一个语义单位或意义潜势的现实化．任何一个口头或书面语言片段，不论其长短，只要能构成一个语义整体，即表达完整的意思．就可以称之为语篇。语篇之所以重要．是由于它是交际过程中传递(口头或书面的)信息的语言形式：根据语篇的概念，第一篇属于会话语篇，第二篇属于段落语篇。(2)第一篇适合口语教学．第二篇适合阅读教学。理由：①第一篇语言比较简单，没有生僻词汇，句式偏向口语化，适合用于口语练习；第二篇语言偏向书面化，词汇相对较复杂，并且多了长难句，适合进行句子的分析，因此适合阅读教学。②第一篇偏向生活化，有生活气息．适合平时与人交际使用．英语口语的最终目的就是让学生达到沟通交流．因此会话语篇可以提供这样一个交流的环境。第二篇偏向说明性语言，是补充介绍知识的．因此可以作为阅读材料来使学生在知识层面有所丰富和提高．同时也加强了语言理解方面的训练。(3)需要考虑的基本要素：①教学内容要素教学内容是要完成的教学任务，是实现教学目标的主要载体。因此教师在选择材料时．需将教科书作为主要依据。教材分析基本关注教学的重点、难点及考点方面。比较注重显性教材的运用而忽视隐性教材的挖掘和利用，较少关注与学习教材内容有密切关系的认知和心理因素．以及教材对学生能力的要求，而对教学的重点和难点也只是阐述其内容，没有做进一步的分析。在新课改背景下，教学内容分析既要有对显性教材的运用，也要有对隐性教材的挖掘和利用。⑦教学对象要素学生是分析教学任务必须要考虑的因素．分析学生是为了帮助学生解决学习中的困难．完成教学任务。教师应该做到以下两点：一是要了解教学活动开始前学生在认知、情感、态度等方面已经达到了什么样的水平，这一水平标志着学生已经能做什么，说什么，想明白了什么等(即学生的学情)。这是学生掌握新的学习任务的起点水平。二是要了解教授了教学材料后预期学生在认知、情感、态度等方面必须达到的状态。对这种状态的把握最终会转化为确定的教学任务与具体的学习目标。只有当教师的心中对教学前和教学后这两种状态的差距做到心中有数时。才能根据学生的实际情况，确定恰当的教学内容。③教学目标要素教学目标是教育者在教学过程中，希望受教育者达到的要求或产生的变化结果，也是教师完成教学任务的归宿。新课程标准从关注学生的学习出发，强调学生是学习的主体，教学目标是教学活动中师生共同追求的，而不是由教师所操纵的。因此，教学目标的主体显然应该是学生。教师在选择教学材料的同时也要以学生为出发点．思考需要完成怎样的教学目标或达到怎样的教学效果。七、设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节课的教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustification教学时间：45分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级第一学期学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准》（实验）五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：Pompeii:ThefactsAugust24,intheyearAD79,begannormallyforthepeopleinPompeii,atownatthefootof?MountVesuvius.Farmerswentouttotheirfields,shopkeeperssetouttheirgoodsforsale,craftspeople?openedtheirworkshopsandtherichwalkedtothepublicbathswhiletheirservantscleanedtheirhouses?andwashedtheirclothes.Unfortunately,theendofthedaywasfarfromnormalforthe20,000citizensof?Pompeii.Earlyintheafternoon,whenmanypeoplewererestingfromtheheatoftheday,MountVesuvius?erupted.Millionsoftonnesofash,lavaandpumicepouredontothesurroundingh