Unit 1 动词-ing形式作表语、定语（学案）-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit1动词-ing形式作表语、定语【目标导航】知识目标：掌握本单元重点语法—动词-ing形式作表语、定语的用法；重点：动词-ing形式作表语、定语的基本用法；难点：动词-ing形式作表语、定语的灵活运用。能力目标：提高学生对语法知识的综合运用能力及写作能力。【复习巩固】I.词性转换1._________vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→_________n.祝贺；恭喜2._________n.宗教；宗教信仰→_________adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的3._________n.高兴；喜悦→_________adj.高兴的；快乐的4._________n.农业；农艺→_________adj.农业(劳动/生产)5._________vt.装饰；装潢→________n.装饰；装饰物6.________adj.有重大意义的；显著的→________n.意义；重要性

7._________adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→_________adv.典型地；有代表性地8._________adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的→_________vt.使商业化；利用……牟利→________n.商业化9._________vt.显示；反映；反射→_________n.深思；反映10._________v.相信；认为→_________adj.可相信的；可信任的→_________n.信仰；信心；信任→_________n.不信；怀疑；疑惑II.单句语法填空1.I’dliketo_________(congratulation)myfriendwhohasmadeit.2.Therewere120studentswhoseagesrangedfrom10_________18.3.He’sdeeply_________(religion)andgoestochurchtwiceaweek.4.Thenumberofpeopleemployedin_________(agricultural)hasfalleninthelastdecade.5.We’reavery_________(joy)peopleandwelovemusic.6.WhenIwasakid,SpringFestivalwasallaboutfirecrackers,sweetsand_________(decorate).7.Itis_________(significance)thatgirlsgenerallydobetterinexaminationsthanboys.8.Inspite_________hisage,hestillleadsanactivelife.9.Trytotakeadvantage_________everyopportunitythatcomesyourway.10.Itismy_________(believe)thatwewillfindacureforcancerinthenexttenyears.11.IfoundIhadalot_________commonwiththesepeople.12.Hermotherwas_________(please)thatshechoseacollegeclosetohome.【重点语法】动词-ing形式作定语和表语动词-ing形式由“动词原形+ing”构成。可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。

Ⅰ.动词­ing形式作表语作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。(1)Theargumentisveryconvincing.(2)Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.【注意】:作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。(1)Myjobisdeliveringmilkfromdoortodooreverymorning.(2)Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.3.动名词（短语）作表语与动词不定式（短语）作表语的区别动名词（短语）作表语表示一般性的动作；动词不定式（短语）作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。（1）Hishobbyispainting.（一般性的动作）（2）Todaywhathewantstodoistopaint.（具体的动作）（3）Hiswishistobecomeanartist.（将要发生的事）Ⅱ.动词­ing形式作定语动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，多用作前置定语，相当于for引导的介词短语。afishingnet(sanetforfishing)渔网awalkingstick(=astickforwalking)拐棍areadingroom(=aroomforreading)阅览室alivingroom(=aroomforliving)起居室,客厅awritingdesk(=adeskforwriting)书桌Shetrainedfivetimesaweekatherlocalswimmingpool.她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。

2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。当单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰的词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在被修饰的词后。boilingwater开水abarkingdog狂吠的狗adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家Don'twakeupthesleepingchild不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。Phoebereceivedane-mailtheotherdaysayingherunclewascomingtovisither.菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件,说她叔叔要来看她。

现在分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。比如：（1）Thereisasleepingboy.(=Thereisaboywhoissleeping.)（2）Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.【注意】:现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行，习惯性的动作或主动含义；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。beingdone则表示被动动作正在进行；tobedone则表示被动动作将要进行。（1）Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.(表示正在进行的主动动作)（2）Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(表示已经完成的动作)（3）I'mlookingforaroomtolivein.(表示将要发生的主动动作)（4）Theshowbeingperformednowisveryinteresting.(表示正在进行的被动动作)（5）Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.(表示将要发生的被动动作)3.形容词化的doing形式作定语,相当于形容词,表示中心词的性质,意为“令人……的”;形容词化的done形式作定语,常表示“感到……的”。试比较anexcitingstory令人兴奋的故事;anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlingquestion令人困惑的问题;apuzzledexpression困惑的表情

【达标反馈】Ⅰ.单项选择1.

Tell

Mary

that

there’s

someone

____

for

her

at

the

door.

A.

waiting

B.

waited

C.

waits

D.

to

wait

2.

The

_______

waiter

came

up

to

us

and

said,

“You

are

welcome.”

A.

smiling

B.

smiled

C.

smile

D.

to

smile

3.

Do

you

know

the

boy

_______

under

the

big

tree?

A.

lay

B

.

lain

C.

laying

D.

lying

4.

There

are

lots

of

places

of

interest

_______

in

our

city.

A.

needs

repairing

B.

needing

repaired

C.

needed

repairing

D.

needing

to

be

repaired

5.

The

drunken

husband

knocked

against

the

table

and

sent

the

bowls

_______

in

all

directions

before

he

was

sent

_______

by

his

wife.

A.

flying;

to

sleep

B.

flying;

sleeping

C.

to

fly;

to

sleeping

D.

to

fly;

to

sleep

Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.

The

man

(work)

for

extra

hours

got

an

extra

pay.

2.

I

was

told

that

there

were

about

50

foreign

students

(study)

Chinese

in

the

school,

most

of

whom

were

from

Germany.

3.

The

question

(discuss)

at

present

has

something

important

to

do

with

our

daily

life.

4.Dr.Yuan'shobbiesare_______(read)，_______(listen)tomusicandsoon.5．Hepromisedthathewouldn'tbecaught________(do)thatagain.6．Canyousmellanything________(burn)?7．Anybody________(fish)inthisriverwillbefined.8．Peopleinthisareaneedmuch________(drink)water.9.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______________(remain)20dollars.10.Whenwegothome,wefoundthelamp____________(burn)withthedoor_____________(shut).Ⅲ.完成句子1．他的工作很无趣，但是他需要依靠它来养活自己。_________________________________，buthehastodependonittosupporthimself.2．我注意到有人溜进了房间。Inoticedsomebody______________________________________________________.3．他们正在阅览室里等着我们。Theyarewaitingforus___________________________________________________.4．正在讨论的这个话题已引起了一些专家的注意。Thetopic__________________________________hasdrawnsomeexperts'attention.5．这朵花看起来很迷人。Theflower____________________________________________________________Ⅳ.语法填空TheotherdayIfinishedmyhomeworkandwentout_____________(play).Thereweremanypeople_____________(walk)inthestreet.SuddenlyIthoughtofagoodidea:Iwouldactasickpersonwitha_____________(walk)sticktomakefoolofothers.Coincidently,Marywasjust_____________(wait)forsomebodythere.Whenshesawme,sheaskedwhatwasthematterwithmeandthenburstout____________(laugh).Shetoldmeshewenttoseethemuseum___________(build).Onthewayshesawmanypoorpeople____________(sleep)inthestreetand___________(beg)forfood.Iwasastonished______________(hear)that.Atlast,wedecided__________________(help)them.Unit1导4答案【复习巩固】I.词性转换1.congratulate；congratulation

2.religion；religious

3.joy；joyful

4.agriculture；agricultural

5.decorate；decoration

6.significant