现代大学英语精读3Lesson-11-–-Silent-Spring

SilentspringRachelCarsonBook３Lesson11PartOne: Warm-up

PartTwo:BackgroundInformation

PartThree:TextAppreciation

PartFour:LanguageStudy

PartFive:ExtensionBook３Lesson11ContentsBTLEWLesson11–SilentSpringPartOneWarm-upENTERLesson11–SilentSpringOnEnvironmentForreferenceTobecontinuedonthenextpage.1.Whatdoyouknowaboutenvironmentalpollution?Pollutionrefersprimarilytothefoulingofair,water,andlandbywastes.Thuslitter,billboards,andautojunkyardsaresaidtoconstitutevisualpollution;noiseexcessiveenoughtocausepsychologicalorphysicaldamageisconsiderednoisepollution;andwasteheatthatalterslocalclimateoraffectsfishpopulationsinriversisdesignatedthermalpollution.The20thcenturyhasseenpollutionapproachcrisisproportionsthroughouttheworld.Lesson11–SilentSpringOnEnvironmentForreferenceTobecontinuedonthenextpage.2.Whatenvironmentalproblemsdowehavenowadays?AirpollutionAirpollutioniscontaminationoftheairbynoxiousgasesandminuteparticlesofsolidandliquidmatterinconcentrationsthatendangerhealth.Themajorsourcesofairpollutionaretransportationengines,powerandheatgeneration,industrialprocesses,andtheburningofsolidwaste.

Lesson11–SilentSpringOnEnvironmentTobecontinuedonthenextpage.GlobalwarmingGlobalwarmingisthegradualincreaseofthetemperatureoftheearth'sloweratmosphereasaresultoftheincreaseingreenhousegases.Somelonger-termresultsofglobalwarmingincludemeltingofpolarice,witharesultingriseinsealevelandcoastalflooding;disruptionofdrinkingwatersuppliesdependentonsnowmelts;profoundchangesinagricultureduetoclimatechange.Amongfactorsthatmaybecontributingtoglobalwarmingaretheburningofcoal,petroleumproducts,anddeforestation.Lesson11–SilentSpringOnEnvironmentTobecontinuedonthenextpage.NoisepollutionHumancreatednoiseharmfultohealthorwelfare.Transportationvehiclesaretheworstoffenders,withaircraft,trucks,buses,automobiles,andmotorcyclesallproducingexcessivenoise.Apartfromhearingloss,noisecancauselackofsleep,irritability,heartburn,indigestion,highbloodpressure,andpossiblyheartdisease.Noise-inducedstresscreatesseveretensionindailylivingandcontributestomentalillness.Lesson11–SilentSpringPartTwoBackgroundInformationENTERLesson11–SilentSpring

Author

II.SilentSpringBackgroundinformationContents

RachelCarson(1907—1964)wasanAmericanbiologistandwriter.Shewasaquiet,privateperson,fascinatedwiththeworkingsofnaturefromascientificandaestheticpointofview.Lesson11–SilentSpringAuthorTobecontinuedonthenextpage.grewuponasmallPennsylvaniafarm,wenttothePennsylvaniaCollege,majoredinzoology,andthenwenttoJohnHopkinsforamaster’sdegreeingenetics.publishedUndertheSea-Wind,thenTheSeaAroundUsandTheEdgeoftheSea,andfinallySilentSpringin1962.InthewakeofSilentSpring,shewasattackedpersonallyandasascientistbymany.WhileshewasworkingonSilentSpring,shewasseriouslyill,aniecediedandleftayoungsonwhomsheadopted,hermotherdied,andshelearnedshehadbreastcancer.diedtwoyearsafterSilentSpringwaspublished,atage56.

Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.AuthorQuotesfromRachelCarsonItisthepublicthatisbeingaskedtoassumetherisksthattheinsectcontrollerscalculate.Thepublicmustdecidewhetheritwishestocontinueonthepresentroad,anditcandosoonlywheninfullpossessionofthefacts.

Westilltalkintermsofconquest.Westillhaven'tbecomematureenoughtothinkofourselvesasonlyatinypartofavastandincredibleuniverse.Man'sattitudetowardnatureistodaycriticallyimportantsimplybecausewehavenowacquiredafatefulpowertoalteranddestroynature.

Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Author

QuotesfromRachelCarsonButmanisapartofnature,andhiswaragainstnatureisinevitablyawaragainsthimself.Therainshavebecomeaninstrumenttobringdownfromtheatmospherethedeadlyproductsofatomicexplosions.Water,whichisprobablyourmostimportantnaturalresource,isnowusedandre-usedwithincrediblerecklessness.

Now,Itrulybelieve,thatweinthisgeneration,mustcometotermswithnature,andIthinkwe’rechallengedasmankindhasneverbeenchallengedbeforetoproveourmaturityandourmastery,notofnature,butofourselves.

Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Author

QuotesfromRachelCarsonThemoreclearlywecanfocusourattentionon

thewondersandrealitiesoftheuniverseaboutus,

thelesstasteweshallhavefordestruction.

Thosewhodwell,asscientistsorlaymen,amongthebeautiesoftheearthareneveraloneorwearyinlife…Thosewhocontemplatethebeautyoftheearthfindreservesofstrengththatwillendureaslongaslifelasts.Lesson11–SilentSpringAuthorTheendofAuthor.

QuotesfromRachelCarsonThemoreclearlywecanfocusourattentionon

thewondersandrealitiesoftheuniverseaboutus,

thelesstasteweshallhavefordestruction.

Thosewhodwell,asscientistsorlaymen,amongthebeautiesoftheearthareneveraloneorwearyinlife…Thosewhocontemplatethebeautyoftheearthfindreservesofstrengththatwillendureaslongaslifelasts.Lesson11–SilentSpringAuthorTheendofAuthor.

Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.II.SilentSpringreceivedaletterfromafriendinthesummerof1957,sayingthatanairplanehiredbythestatesprayingDDTtocontrolmosquitoes.

shockedbyhowextensivethepesticidesituationwas;decidedtowriteaboutitandletpeopleknow.Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.II.SilentSpringSummaryofthebookThebookstartswithafableofalovelyruraltownthatsuddenlysuffersblight,sickness,anddeath.Itspeoplefinallyrealizetheyhadpoisonedthemselves.Shepresentedscientificevidencethatthiswashappeningalloverthecountry.Sheexplainedinplaintermshowthestrongestbugssurvive,makingstrongerpesticidesnecessary,andthatDDT,thoughscarceinthewater,becomesconcentratedasitworksitswayupthefoodchain.Sheadvocatedintegratedmanagement:usingaminimumofchemicalscombinedwithbiologicalandculturalcontrols.Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.II.SilentSpringSignificanceofthebookItrousedanewpublicawarenessthatnaturewasvulnerabletohumanintervention.Sheproposedthat,attimes,technologicalprogressissofundamentallyatoddswithnaturalprocessesthatitmustbecurtailed.Conservationhadneverraisedmuchbroadpublicinterest,forfewpeoplereallyworriedaboutthedisappearanceofwilderness.ButthethreatsShehadoutlined—thecontaminationofthefoodchain,cancer,geneticdamage,thedeathsofentirespecies—weretoofrighteningtoignore.Forthefirsttime,theneedtoregulateindustryinordertoprotecttheenvironmentbecamewidelyaccepted,andenvironmentalismwasborn.Lesson11–SilentSpringTobecontinuedonthenextpage.II.SilentSpringThomasPaine'sCommonSensegalvanizedradicalsentimentintheearlydaysoftheAmericanrevolution.HarrietBeecherStowe’sUncleTom'sCabinrousedNorthernantipathytoslaveryinthedecadeleadinguptotheCivilWar.RachelCarson'sSilentSpring,whichexposedthehazardsofthepesticideDDT,eloquentlyquestionedhumanity'sfaithintechnologicalprogressandhelpedsetthestagefortheenvironmentalmovement.SignificanceofthebookThebookthathereffortsresultedinwasaboutthesprayingandwhatitdidtothebirdsandothercreatures.Butthatdoesnotbegintodescribeitsscopeoraccountforitsimpact.OnemightjustaswellsaythatDarwinwroteaboutturtlesandthePacificislandswheretheywerefound.(Esquiremagazine)WiththepublicationofSilentSpringin1962,RachelLouiseCarson,theessenceofgentlescholarship,setoffanationallypublicizedstrugglebetweentheproponentsandopponentsofthewidespreaduseofpoisonouschemicalstokillinsects.MissCarsonwasanopponent.(THENewYorkTIMES)

Lesson11–SilentSpringSilentSpring

TheendofSilentSpring.

Lesson11–SilentSpringPartThreeTextAppreciationENTERTextAppreciationLesson11–SilentSpringI.Textanalysis

1.

Theme

2.

StructureII.

Writingdevices

1.

Diction

2.

Antithesis

3.

Alliteration&assonance

4.

Rhetoricalquestion

5.

Metaphor

6.

Parallelism

III.SentenceparaphraseContentsLesson11–SilentSpringTextAnalysisOutofhisignoranceandlackofconcernfortheintegrityofnature,manistamperingwithnaturebyabusingchemicals,causingirrecoverableharmsonenvironmentandpeople.

ThemeofthestoryTheendofTheme.

Part1(paras.1—2)about:

Part2(paras.)about:Part3(paras.)about:Part4(paras.)about:Part5(paras.)about:Lesson11–SilentSpringTextAnalysisStructureofthetext3—56—910—23beautyandharmonyenjoyedbybothnatureandallitslifeevilspelltransitionalparagraphs,directingreaders’attentiontotheverycauseofthenationwidedisaster—awhitepowder,thechemicalexplanationofhowtheecologicaldisasterswerecreated24—25propersolutiontothedisastersTheendofstructure.

Lesson11–SilentSpringTextAnalysis

BeforetheuseAftertheuseBefore&aftertheuseofchemicals

alllifeinharmonywithitssurrounding

people’slife:thetowninthemidstofprosperousfarms;fishingthestreams

plants:bloomingflowers;growingongreenfield;oak,maple,birchflamingandflickeringwithlife

animals:birdsfeedingontheberriesandontheseedheadsofthedriedweedsrisingabovethesnow;floodsofmigrantspouringthrough;sweetsingingofbirdsScanthetextandlistouttherelatedinformation.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.

lossoflife:

mysteriousdiseasessweepingtheflockofchickens;sickeningandkillingcattleandsheepandfish;severalandunexplaineddeathsofadultsandchildren;birdstremblingviolentlyandbeingunabletofly;soundlessbirds;brownedandwitheredvegetationLesson11–SilentSpringTextAnalysisBefore&aftertheuseofchemicalsDiscussingroups.BeforetheuseAftertheuse

colorfulnature:brown,witheredTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

colorfulnature:inspring:white

cloudsofbloom,greenfields,inautumn:oakandmapleandbirchsettingupablazeofcolor

thatflamedandflickeredinwinter:whitesnowThroughmuchofayear:laurel,ferns,wildflowersLesson11–SilentSpringTextAnalysisBefore&aftertheuseofchemicalsDiscussingroups.BeforetheuseAftertheuse

silentnature:Sound:stillness,aspringwithoutvoicesMovement:backyardsdeserted,birdstrembledviolentlyandcouldnotfly,fishdiedTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

activenature:Sound:barkingofthefox,birds’chorusinthemorningMovement:drift,flame,flicker,silentlycrossthefields,flyandfeed,pourthrough,observe,flow,lie,raisehouses,sinkwells,buildbarnsLesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

PolysyndetonInautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines.(1)…onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandthewoodsandmarsh.(4)Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.StresseachdetailsPolysyndeton:repetitionofconjunctionsinclosesuccession,whichhasancumulativeeffectLesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

PolysyndetonTobecontinuedonthenextpage.…thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.(10)Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,…(11)Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

Emotive&specificwordsInautumn,oakandmapleandbirch

setup

ablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines.(1)Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Thetownlayinthemidstofprosperousfarms,where,inspring,whitecloudsofbloomdriftedabovethegreenfields.(1)

Emotivewords:wordsthatconnotepeople’sfeelingsaboutthingsorideasImpressandmovefeelings

ColorfuldescriptionofnatureLesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

Emotive&specificwords…wherecountlessbirdscametofeedontheberriesandontheseedheadsofthedriedweedsrisingabovethesnow.(2)Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.SpecificwordsstressingabundanceandvarietyofspeciesAlongtheroads,laurel,greatfernsandwildflowersdelightedthetraveler’seye...(2)Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

Emotive&specificwordsOtherscametofishthestreams,whichflowed

clearandcoldoutofthehillsandcontainedshady

poolswheretroutlay.(2)Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.…andwhenthefloodof

migrantswaspouringthroughinspring…(2)Thenfoxes

barkedinthehillsanddeersilentlycrossedthefield.(1)Specificwordsmakethedescriptionvividandlively.Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

Emotive&specificwordsThefewbirdsseenanywheretrembled

violentlyandcouldnotfly.(4)Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.…mysteriousdiseasesswepttheflocksof

chicken;thecattleandsheep

sickenedanddied.(3)…thathadoncethrobbedwiththedawnchorusofscoresofbirdvoicestherewasnownosound;onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandmarsh.(4)Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

QualifyingphrasesConsideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hadbeenrelatively

slight.(10)Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmolded

bytheenvironment.(10)Qualifyingphrasesstressprecision.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespecies—man—acquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofthisworld.(10)Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesDiction

ConcretewordsThtendofDiction.Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.(11)

PurefactualdescriptionConcretewordsdescribeidentifiablequalitiesofparticularthings,feelingsorevents.Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesAntithesisTherapidityofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.(13)Antithesis:therelationbetweensuccessiveunitsthatareputincontrastapairofantitheses“drasticandrapidpaceofman〞vs.“slowandcarefulpaceofnature〞Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesAntithesis:moreexamplesThisimaginedtragedymayeasilybecomeaharshrealityweallshallknow.(8)Trytofindmoreexamplesinthetext.TheendofAntithesis.

Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesAlliteration&assonance

Inautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines.(1)…,andmanyrealcommunitieshavealreadysufferedasubstantialnumberofthem,...(8)

Alliterationistherepetitionofthesameconsonantsoundsorofdifferentvowelsoundsatthebeginningofwords.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesAlliteration&assonance:moreexamplesTherehadbeenseveralsuddenandunexplaineddeaths,notonlyamongadultsbutevenamongchildren.(3)

Otherscametofishthestreams,whichflowedclearandcoldoutofthehillsandcontainedshadypoolswheretroutlay.(2)Theuseofalliterationandassonancehelpsachievingsensoryimpressions.Assonanceistherepetitionofidenticalorsimilarvowelsounds.TheendofAlliteration&assonance.

Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesRhetoricalquestionCananyonebelieveitispossibletolaydownsuchalargenumberofpoisonsonthesurfaceoftheearthwithoutmakingitunfitforalllife?(16)Howcouldintelligentbeingsseektocontrolafewunwantedspeciesbyamethodthatcontaminatedtheentireenvironmentandbroughtthethreatofdiseaseanddeatheventohisownkind?(18)Rhetoricalquestionis

aquestionaskedtoimplyadefiniteanswer.Rhetoricalquestionis

oftenusedinargument&persuasion.TheendofRhetoricalquestion.

Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesThetownlayinthemidstofprosperousfarms,where,inspring,whitecloudsofbloomdriftedabovethegreenfields.(1)metaphor:afigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparisoninwhichonethingisdescribedintermsofanother.MetaphorMoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesMetaphor:moreexamplesInautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines.(1)Thecountrysidewas,infact,famousfortheabundanceandvarietyofitsbirdlife,andwhenthefloodofmigrantswerepouringthroughinspringandfallpeopletraveledfromgreatdistancestoobservethem.(2)Metaphorisusedtoheighteneffectandclarity.

Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.MetaphorusedtogetherwithalliterationstressingthestrikingdisplayofcolorsLesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesOnthemorningsthathadoncethrobbedwiththedawnchorusofscoresofbirdvoicestherewasnownosound;…(4)Metaphor:moreexamplesTheendofMetaphor.

Lesson11–SilentSpringWritingDevicesParallelismThesechemicalsarenowappliedalmostuniversallytofarms,gardens,forests,andhomes,killingeveryinsect,the“good〞andthe“bad〞,tostillthesongofbirdsandtheleapingoffish,tocoattheleaveswithadeadlyfilm,andtolingeroninsoil…(16)Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.(11)Parallelisminvolvesbalancingthestructuralelementsofasentence.ClearandeffectiveTheendofWritingDevices.

Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase1 Therapidityofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.(13)

Parallelstructure:introducedbycorrelativeconjunctions,suchaseither…or,both…and,notonly…butalso,whether…or,ratherthanMoreexamplesgoto2Therapidchangeoftheenvironmenttakesplaceasaconsequenceofman’sdrasticandrecklessalterationofnature.Itdoesnotoccurasaresultofslowandcarefulworkingofnature.Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase2 Giventime—timenotinyearsbutinmillennia—lifeadjusts,andabalancehasbeenreached.(12)Ittakesthousandsofyearsforlifetoadaptitselftoenvironment.Actuallyitsohappensthatlifeadaptsandabalancehasbeenreached.Participlephraseusedasadverbialofconditionsgoto3MoreexamplesIflifeisgiventimeLesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase3

Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbefutile,forthenewchemicalscomefromourlaboratoriesinanendlessstream.(14)Eveniflifedidadjusttothechemicalsbysomemiracle,itwouldbeuseless,becausethenewchemicalsarecontinuouslycreatedandproduced.Unrealconditionalclauseinwhich“were〞isplacedatthebeginningoftheclausegoto4MoreexamplesIfitwere…possibleLesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase4 Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman’sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.

(13)Man-madeproductsMan’screativepowerTherearenosuchthingsaschemicalsinnature.goto5Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase5Thewholeprocessofsprayingseemscaughtupinanendlessspiral.(17)Thewholeprocessofsprayingchemicalstokillinsectsisaviciouscycleofchemicalabuse.Themoredeadlychemicalsareused,themoreresistancetheymeetfromtheinsects.GetinvolvedinNever-endingprocessofincreasingabuseofchemicalsgoto6Lesson11–SilentSpringPartFourLanguageStudyENTERLesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase6Thusitisnoaccidentthatourmosttroublesomeinsectsareintroducedspecies.(23)Itiscertain,unavoidableThat’swhythemosttroublesomeinsectsinourcountryarebroughtinfromotherplaces.“it〞usedasananticipatorysubjectgoto7Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase7Iamsaying,rather,thatcontrolmustbegearedtorealities,andthatthemethodsemployedmustbesuchthattheydonotdestroyusalongwiththeinsects.(19)OnthecontraryIamsayingthatthecontrolshouldbedeterminedbytheactualenvironmentandthatthemethodsshouldnotbeharmfultohumansthattheydiealongwiththeinsects.Formalstructureso…thatgoto8MoreexamplesBeadaptedtoLesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase8…insteadweneedthebasicknowledgeofanimalpopulationsandtheirrelationstotheirsurroundingsthatwill“promoteanevenbalanceanddampdowntheexplosivepowerofoutbreaksandnewinvasions〞.(24)Insteadweneedthebasicknowledgeofanimalpopulationsandtheirrelationstotheirsurroundings.Thisknowledgecontributestoretaininganequalbalanceandreducingtheirmass-breedingandinvadingpower.goto9Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase9 wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheiracknowledge.(25)Wehavemadeenormousnumbersofpeoplecontactwiththesepoisons.makesb.experience,suffergoto10Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase10Cananyonebelieveitispossibletolaydownsuchalargenumberofpoisonsonthesurfaceoftheearthwithoutmakingitunfitforalllife?(16)Suchanumberofpoisonsstoredonthesurfaceoftheearthwillsurelymakeitunfitforalllivingthings.Rhetoricalquestion storeforfutureusegoto11Lesson11–SilentSpringSentenceParaphrase11 Suchasystemsetthestageforexplosiveincreasesinspecificinsectpopulations.(20)Suchawayoffarmingcreatesfavorableconditionsfortherapidincreaseofparticularinsects.TheendofSentenceParaphrase.

Lesson11–SilentSpringPartFourLanguageStudyENTERLesson11–SilentSpring

WordStudy

PhrasesandExpressionsLanguageStudyContentsLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy1.abundancen.agreatorplentifulamount,fullness,affluenceExamples:Carpetsareavailableinabundance.

abundanta.

Thisareaisabundantinpetroleumdeposit.aboundv.Streamsaboundwithfish.Lesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy2.assault v./n.violentphysicalorverbalattack (usuallyimpliessudden,intenseviolence)Examples:Muggersoftenassaulttheirvictimsondarkstreets.increasesinviolentassaultsoverthepastdecadeLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy3.colossal

a.

enormous(ahugenessthatelicitsawe)

Examples:Evenbymodernstandards,the46,000tonTitanicwasacolossalship.colossalcrumblingruinsofanancienttempleLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy

4.confine v./n.keepwithinbounds,restrictExamples:Pleaseconfineyourremarkstotheissuesathand.

Thesickchildwasconfinedtobed.

Examples:Mary'sparentsrefusedtheirconsenttohermarriage.Hastheministerconsentedtohavinghisspeechprinted?

5.consent

v./n.agree,accept,approveofLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudyLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy6.contaminate v.

a.makeimpureoruncleanbycontactormixture

b.exposetoorpermeatewithradioactivityExamples:Theriverwascontaminatedwithwaste.Don'tbecontaminatedbybureaucracy.n.contaminationWordformationLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy v.

a.striveinoppositionoragainstdifficulties;struggle

b.

compete,asinarace;

maintainExamples:Thearmiesinthetwocountriesarecontendingforcontrolofthestrategicterritory.Theyhadtocontendwithlonglinesattheairport.Thedefendantcontendedthattheevidencewasinadmissible.7.contendLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy8.deliberate a.

a.intentional

b.arisingfromormarkedbycarefulconsiderationExamples:Hemistooktheoversightforadeliberateinsult.Hetoldusadeliberatelie.Theytookadeliberateactionyesterday.Lesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy

shadowsflickeringonthewallaflickerofdoubtleavesflickeringinthewindThecandleflickeredinthewind.flamesthatflickeredinthenight9.flicker

v./n.a.

movewaveringly

b.burnunsteadilyorfitfully

墙上摇曳的影子一丝疑虑在风中摇晃的树叶蜡烛在风中闪烁不定。黑夜中闪烁的火光Translationracialharmonydomesticharmony

Everyonelivesinharmony.Tourismshoulddevelopinharmonywithenvironment.harmoniousrelationshipsharmonizedifferentapproachesintounifiedstrategiesLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy种族和睦家庭和睦每个人和睦生活在一起。旅游业应与环境同步开展。和睦的关系将不同的方法统一起来使其成为统一的策略10.harmony

n.a.

agreementinfeeling,interests,and

opinions,etc.

b.pleasingcombinationofrelated

thingsTranslationLesson11–SilentSpringWordStudy11.impetuous a.impulsiveandpassionate(forcefulimpulsivenessorimpatience)

Examples:impetuous,heavingwavesimpetuouspromise