老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第一编教材回眸Unit2Heroes北师大版

Unit2Heroes晨起第一事背诵经典句1．Thosewhoforgettheirheritage,betraytheirmotherlandandseektosplitthecountrywillcometonogood.凡是数典忘祖、背叛祖国、意图分裂国家的人，从来没有好下场。2．ZhangGuimei,theprincipalofHuapingHighSchoolforGirls,basedinLijiangCity,SouthwestChina'sYunnanProvince,hasbeenawardedwiththeJuly1Medal.中国西南部的云南省丽江市华坪女子高级中学校长张桂梅，被授予“七一勋章”。3．Sometimesyouhavetobeyourownhero.有时候，你必须做自己的英雄。4．StarringGongLiaslegendaryvolleyballcoachLangPing,thefilmisacinematicdepictionofthemultigenerationalstruggleoftheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamtosecuregloryforthenation.这部电影由巩俐饰演传奇女排教练郎平，讲述了中国女排几代人为祖国荣誉奋力拼搏的故事。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心单词)(1)character(n.)人物；性格→characteristic(adj.)典型的(n.)特征，特性(2)flight(n.)飞行；航班(3)explore(vt.)探测；勘探→explorer(n.)探险家；勘探者(4)atmosphere(n.)大气；气氛(5)million(num.)百万→millionaire(n.)百万富翁→millionth(n.)第一百万；百万分之一(6)found(vt.)建立，创立→foundation(n.)建立；基础，根据地→founded(adj.)有基础的→founder(n.)奠基人，建立者(7)opinion(n.)意见，看法，主张→view(n.)(同义词)观点→thought(n.)(同义词)想法→idea(n.)(同义词)主意(8)equal(adj.)平等的→equally(adv.)平等地→equality(n.)平等→equalize(vt.)使相等(9)struggle(vi.)挣扎；搏斗(n.)斗争，拼搏(10)brilliant(adj.)卓越的→brilliantly(adv.)辉煌地；灿烂地(11)awful(adj.)〈口〉糟糕的；极度的→awfully(adv.)极端地；可怕地→awfulness(n.)庄严；威严；不高兴(12)useless(adj.)差劲的；无用的→uselessly(adv.)无用地；无效地→uselessness(n.)无用→use(vt.&n．)使用；用处→useful(adj.)有用的→usefully(adv.)有用地；有效地(13)violence(n.)暴力，暴行→violent(adj.)暴力的；残忍的→violently(adv.)残忍地；残暴地；暴力地(14)compete(vi.)比赛，竞争→competition(n.)竞争，比赛，竞赛→competitive(adj.)竞争的→competitively(adv.)有竞争力地；竞争地(15)amazing(adj.)令人惊异的；令人吃惊的→amazed(adj.)惊异的，吃惊的→amazement(n.)惊奇，吃惊→amaze(vt.)使吃惊，使惊异(16)fortunately(adv.)幸运地→fortunate(adj.)幸运的→fortune(n.)运气，财富；幸运(17)disaster(n.)灾难(18)promote(vt.)促进，提升；推销→promotion(n.)提升，晋级→promotional(adj.)推销的(19)relationship/relation(n.)关系→relate(vt.)与……有关系→related(adj.)有关系的(20)react(vi.)反应→reaction(n.)反应(21)quality(n.)质量；品质(22)disabled(adj.)残疾的→disable(vt.)使失去能力；使无资格→disability(n.)无能，残疾(23)confident(adj.)自信的→confidence(n.)自信Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(阅读单词)(1)calm(adj.)镇静的，沉着的→calmly(adv.)镇静地，沉着地→calmness(n.)平静，冷静(2)generous(adj.)慷慨的，大方的→generously(adv.)慷慨地→generosity(n.)慷慨，大方(3)violent(adj.)暴力的→violence(n.)暴力，暴行→violently(adv.)猛烈地，激烈地(4)gravity(n.)地心引力(5)wave(vi.)挥手示意，致意→waveless(adj.)无波浪的，平静的(6)personally(adv.)就个人而言→personal(adj.)私人的，个人的→personality(n.)个性；人格(7)protest(n.&vt.)抗议；反对→protestor(n.)抗议者(8)skillful(adj.)灵巧的，熟练的→skill(n.)技能；熟练；技巧→skilled(adj.)熟练的；有技能的(9)unusual(adj.)不平常的→usual(adj.)平常的，惯例的→usually(adv.)通常(10)event(n.)比赛项目；事件→eventual(adj.)最后的→eventually(adv.)最后(11)afterwards(adv.)然后，后来(12)injury(n.)伤害，损坏→injure(vt.)伤害；毁坏→injured(adj.)受损害的；受伤的(13)commit(vt.)犯(错误)，干(坏事)(14)divorce(vi.)离婚(15)dive(vi.&n．)潜水；跳水[单句语法填空]1.Thetwinshavequitedifferent(character)．答案：characters2．Abigprogramofoil(explore)hasbegunoffshore.答案：exploration3．Iturgedallsidesto(peace)resolveexistingproblemsthroughdialogue.答案：peacefully4．ThePeople'sRepublicofChina(found)onOctober1st,1949.答案：wasfounded5．Peoplestillhavedifferent(opinion)onthisquestion.答案：opinions6．Inthelatterstage,olderpeopleareupsetbyfeelingsof(useless)．答案：uselessness7．Ihavebeen(fortunately)enoughtovisitmanypartsoftheworld.答案：fortunate8．Hewas(disable)inacaraccident.答案：disabled9．Wehavecomplete(confident)intheseastronauts.答案：confidence10．Theprogrammeisnotreallysuitablefor(absolutely)beginners.答案：absoluten．＋­ship构成的合成词①friend朋友→friendshipn.友谊②scholar学者→scholarshipn.奖学金③dictator独裁者→dictatorshipn.独裁，专政④partner合伙人→partnershipn.合伙关系⑤relation关系→relationshipn.关系⑥citizen公民→citizenshipn.公民身份⑦member成员→membershipn.成员资格⑧space太空→spaceshipn.太空船⑨owner物主→ownershipn.所有制⑩champion冠军→championshipn.冠军称号⑪leader领导者→leadershipn.领导能力⑫workman工匠→workmanshipn.手艺，工艺1．cometo(dosth)开始(认识、理解)2．separatefrom与……分开3．millionsof数百万4．inone'sopinion依某人来看5．agreewith同意……6．makeprogress取得进步7．bestrictwithsb对某人严格要求8．cometoanend结束9．pullthrough使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关10．giveup放弃11．getonwellwith与……相处融洽12．getinvolvedwith参加，参与13．fartoo太，极为14．comeoffit别胡扯[选词填空]cometorealize，separatefrom，millionsof，inone'sopinion，makeprogress，bestrictwith，cometoanend，pullthrough，getinvolvedwith，comeoffit1．，itisreasonablefortheteachernottoexplaintheproblemtothem.答案：Inmyopinion2．Thatcountryhassignificantineconomy.答案：made;progress3．Itheimportanceofstudywiththehelpofmyteacher.答案：cometorealize4．Thepainwasterrible,buthewhenmostothermenwouldhavedied.答案：pulledthrough5．.Yourteamisunlikelytowinthisgame.答案：Comeoffit6．peopledonatedinresponsetothefamineappeal.答案：Millionsof7．ThateveningImyfriendsforsomereason.答案：wasseparatedfrom8．Wemustn'ttooourstudents,norcanweletthemdowhatevertheylike.答案：be;strictwith9．Idon'twanttosomelengthyargumentaboutwhoistoblame.答案：getinvolvedwith10．Becauseofherpride,herupwardtrendsoon.答案：cametoanend动词＋through短语知多少①breakthrough突围，突破②comethrough到达；穿过；(健康)恢复③cutthrough穿过④getthrough完成；渡过；接通电话⑤gothrough遭受，经历；检查，被通过⑥livethrough渡过；经受住⑦lookthrough浏览；逐一查看⑧seethrough看穿，识破⑨passthrough通过，经过，穿过课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.Thespaceship,calledShenzhouⅤ，wascarryingChina'sfirstastronaut,YangLiwei.这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟。(P22)过去分词(短语)作定语，和被修饰的词之间往往是被动关系，并且表示动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的词前面；过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词的后面Themanisourchairman.安保人员跟着的那个人是我们的主席。2.GivemeachallengeandI'llmeetitwithjoy.给我一个挑战我将高兴地面对它。(P32)“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”中的祈使句相当于一个由if引导的条件状语从句，and/or/otherwise之后的句子相当于主句①Putagroupofstrangersinaroomtogether,they'llprobablystartaconversation.把一群陌生人放在一个房间里，他们或许会交谈。②Quitsmoking,youmayruinyourhealth.把烟戒掉，否则可能会毁了你的健康。答案：1.followedbysecurityguards2.①and②or/otherwise①charactern.人物；性格[U]特色，特征[C]人物，角色；文字，字母(P21)(1)单句语法填空①Thisbookisfullofbelievableandinteresting(character)suchasLinDaojingandLuJiachuan.②Personal(character),suchasageandsexaretakenintoaccount.答案：①characters②characteristics(2)单句改错Ambitionisacharacterofallsuccessfulbusinessmen.答案：character→characteristic(1)astrongcharacter坚强的个性buildandformone'scharacter发展并形成个性mendone'scharacter弥补某人性格上的缺陷determinedcharacter果断的性格negative/positivecharacter 反面/正面人物Chinesecharacter 汉字(2)characteristicadj.典型的；特有的n.特点；特性；特色②explorevt.探测；勘探；探索(P23)(1)单句语法填空①Ourschoolboardareexpected(explore)ideasforbuildinganotheronenewteachingbuildingbesidethelabbuilding.②Thisissomeinformationonthechildreneducation(explore)fromthepast,present,andfuture.答案：①toexplore②exploration(2)单句写作Thebookpeople'scontrastingofthepoet'searlyworks.此书探讨了人们对这位诗人早期作品截然不同的观点。答案：explores;views(1)explorethemarketpossibility考察市场前景exploretheuniverse探索宇宙exploreouterspace 探索外太空(2)explorationn.探测；勘探oilandgasexploration石油和天然气勘探siteexploration现场勘探undergroundexploration 地下勘探③strugglevi.斗争；拼搏n.斗争；奋斗，拼搏(P24)(1)单句语法填空①Weallstruggled(finish)thatheavytaskwithgreateffortsinordertoreturnhomeearlier.②Theworkershavebeenstrugglingbadconditionsfortoolong.答案：①tofinish②against(2)单句改错Theanimaltrappedinthecavemadestruggletogetfree.答案：struggle前加a(1)struggleagainst反对，同……作斗争strugglewithsb与某人一起奋斗strugglefor为争取……而斗争struggletodosth努力去做某事struggletoone'sfeet挣扎站起来strugglealong在困难中坚持；挣扎着前进(2)It'sastruggletodosth做某事并非易事④competevi.比赛，竞争(P26)(1)单句语法填空①Thereisfierce(compete)betweenthetwomotorcarfirms.②Thetwogirls(compete)witheachotherforthechampionshipinthegame.答案：①competition②competed(2)单句写作encouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.竞争性的运动鼓励孩子们团结协作。答案：Competitivesports(1)competeinthemarketplace在市场中竞争completeforsth为某事而竞争competeagainst与……抗争competewithsb/sth与某人/某事竞争competetodosth竞相做某事(2)competitionn.竞争，比赛facethecompetition 面临竞争unfaircompetition 不公正的竞争(3)competitiveadj.竞争的；有竞争力的eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)competition,contest和match均有“比赛，竞争”之意。(1)competition多指体育运动中的各项比赛、角逐，也指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛。(2)contest多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞争。其结果由评判委员会裁决。(3)match通常指体育运动项目的比赛。⑤amazingadj.令人惊异的(P26)(1)单句语法填空①Takingpicturesofpolarbearis(amaze)butalsodangerous.②Sheis(amaze)thatpeoplestillrisktravellingwithoutinsurance.答案：①amazing②amazed(2)单句写作Allthosearoundhimlookedathim.周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。答案：inamazement(1)amazevt.使吃惊；使惊愕(2)amazedadj.感到吃惊的beamazedat/by对……感到惊奇(3)amazementn.吃惊，惊愕toone'samazement使某人吃惊的是inamazement惊讶地，吃惊地⑥promotevt.促进，提升；促销(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Peopledon'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection(promote)economicgrowth.②Her(promote)toSalesManagertookeveryonebysurprise.答案：①topromote②promotion(2)单句写作Heforlackofresolution.他因缺乏果断力而未能得到升迁。答案：failedtogetpromoted(1)promotehealth促进健康promotethedevelopmentof促进……的发展promotesbto...提升某人为……(2)promotionn.促进；促销promotionpolicy促销政策⑦qualityn.质量；品质(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Wearepleasedtoreportthattheclubmembershipisgrowingquality,ifnotinquantity!②Heistheonewhohasallthe(quality)Iamlookingforinapartner.答案：①in②qualities(2)单句写作Thesteadyriseourproductsowesmuchtotheimprovementoftheequipment.我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上归功于设备的改进。答案：inthequalityofinquality质量上good/highquality好/高质量poorquality质量差remarkablequality卓越品质testsb'squalities考验某人的品质improve/increasequality提高质量⑧injuryn.伤害，损害(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Thisroughlifethreatened(injure)hishealth,buthedidn'tmind.②Thedriverofthecarreceivedseriousinjuriesthelegsandarms.答案：①toinjure②to(2)单句写作Twoplayersareoutoftheteam.两名队员因伤退出了比赛。答案：becauseofinjury(1)asevere/seriousinjury严重的损害dosb/oneselfaninjury使某人/自己受伤害receive/sufferaninjury受伤害protect...frominjury防止……受伤injuryto……(部位)的伤害(2)injurevt.伤害，损害injuresb'sreputation伤害某人的声誉⑨confidentadj.自信的(P28)单句语法填空①Yourencouragementmademe(confident)ofmyfuturethanbefore.②Theworstbarriertoyoursuccessisnotlackofmoney,butlackof(confident)．③Theteamfeelsconfidentwinning.答案：①moreconfident②confidence③of(1)be/feelconfidentofsth/doingsth对某事/做某事有信心makesbmoreconfidentofsth使某人对某事更有信心beconfidentthat...确信……(2)confidencen.信心self­confidencen.自信over­confidencen.过于自信haveconfidenceinsb对某人信任lackofconfidence缺乏信心(3)confidentlyadv.确信地；自信地⑩admirevt.钦佩，羡慕(P30)(1)单句语法填空①Weall(admire)himforthewayhesavedthechildrenfromthefire.②Hiswholefamilywasfullof(admire)fortherescuers.答案：①admired②admiration(2)单句写作Idon'tagreewithher,butI.我不同意她的意见，但我赞赏她恪守原则。答案：admireherforstickingtotheprinciples(1)admiresb/sth钦佩某人/某事admiresbforsth因……而钦佩某人admiresbfordoingsth因做某事而钦佩某人(2)admirationn.钦佩；赞赏inadmiration赞赏地havegreatadmirationfor钦佩……①liftoff发射升空，起飞(P22)(1)单句语法填空①Theplane(lift)offandclimbedsteadilyintothesky.②IwatchedDiscoveryliftfromKennedySpaceCentersuccessfully.答案：①lifted②off(2)单句改错Theyarewatchingthespaceshipliftupquietly.答案：up→offliftup抬起，举起lift­offn.升空，发射，起飞②letout释放，放出(P23)(1)单句语法填空①Thisplantletssunlightinbutdoesn'tletheat.②Seeingasnakeinfrontofher,thegirlletascreamofterror.答案：①out②out(2)单句写作It'stimeyouyourtruefeelings.现在是你释放自己真实感情的时候了。答案：let;outletsbdown使某人失望letgoofsth/sb放开某物/某人letmesee让我想想letalone更不用说eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)letalone常作插入语，不影响句子成分。③makeprogress取得进步(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Providedyouaremodest,surelyyou(make)progress.②Theprogressyou(make)istheresultofyourgreatefforts.答案：①willmake②havemade(2)单句改错Afterworkinghardforayear,shemadeagreatprogressinEnglish.答案：去掉made后的ainprogress在进行中speedupprogress 加速进步amazingprogress 惊人的进步steadyprogress稳定的进步/进展withtheprogressof 随着……的进步/发展eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)名词progress是不可数名词，不与不定冠词a(n)连用，也没有复数。④pullthrough使从(受伤)中活下来，渡过难关(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Hisinjuriesareseverebutheisexpected(pull)through.②Withouthisselflessassistance,shewouldn'thavepulledthisdifficulty.答案：①topull②through(2)单句写作Withjointeffortsthey.他们齐心协力克服了这些困难。答案：pulledthroughthedifficultiespullover向路边停靠pulldown拉下；拆毁；摧毁；推翻pullout拔掉；离开；(火车)离站pullin(to)到站；(火车)进站pullup停车；停止⑤giveup放弃(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Shegaveup(work)tojoininherhusband'scampaign.②Theyeithertrytheirbest(give)upsmokingoradviseothersnottosmokeanylonger.答案：①working②togive(2)单句写作Oncetheygetanideaintotheirheads,.一旦接受了一个想法，他们就永远不会放弃。答案：theywillnevergiveupgiveaway泄露；分发givein上交；投降giveout分发；用完，耗尽；放出giveoff放出，发出giveover交付eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)动词短语giveup后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不跟不定式。⑥getonwellwith与……相处融洽(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Thoughheisanewcomer,he(get)onwellwithhisclassmatesalready.②MycollegeroommateandIlivedtogetherforoneyear,butwenevergotverywell.答案：①hasgot②on(2)单句改错—Howareyougettingon/alongforyourtask?—Justso­so.答案：for→withgetalongwith进展；与……和睦相处getacross被理解getaround/round各处走动；传播；绕开getawayfrom远离，脱离getdowntosth/doingsth开始某事/开始做某事geton上车⑦getinvolvedwith参与，参加(P28)(1)单句语法填空①Hesaidhedidnotgetinvolvedthematter.②(get)involvedwiththatactivity,Irealisedhowimportantthepracticalskillwas.答案：①with②Getting(2)单句写作Landellstheprojectforyears.兰德尔斯参加那个计划已有好几年了。答案：hasbeeninvolvedwithinvolvesbin/into...将某人卷入……中involvedoingsth包括做某事①[教材原句]...,YangLiweishowedtheflagsofChinaandtheUnitedNations,expressingthewishesoftheChinesepeopletoexploreandusespacepeacefully.……，杨利伟展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，以表达中国人民和平开发、利用太空资源的愿望。(P23)(1)单句语法填空①Fourpeopleenteredtheroom,(look)aroundcuriously.②Allnightlonghelayawake,(think)oftheproblem.答案：①looking②thinking(2)单句改错Theystoodthereforhalfanhour,watchedthestarsinthesky.答案：watched→watching现在分词短语可在句中作伴随状语。②[教材原句]...andsincethentheyhaveneverlookedback.……从那时起，他们就再也没有回去过。(P26)(1)单句语法填空①Shehadasortofbreakdownsomeyearsago,andsincethenshe(be)veryshy.②SincethenI(live)aloneanddevotedmyselftomycareer.答案：①hasbeen②havelived(2)单句改错GreatchangestookplaceinChinasince1980.答案：took→havetakeneq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(since＋时间点,eversince,since＋从句))eq\a\vs4\al(用于现在完成时的句子，如果连接,句子，主句用现在完成时)③[教材原句]AmongthemwasSharonMacAuliffe,ahighschoolteacher,whowastobethefirstteacherinspace.其中之一是莎伦·麦考利夫，一位高中教师，她将成为第一位太空老师。(P32)(1)单句语法填空①thethreeastronautsisZhaiZhigang,whoisthecommander.②comesabus,andyoucanpreparetoboardit.答案：①Among②Here(2)单句写作agreatandbeautifulman­madelake.在我们的城市南部，有一座美丽的人造湖。答案：Southofourcitylies(1)表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首时，用全部倒装。(2)up,down,out,in,away,off等表示地点方位的副词或there,here,now,then等置于句首时，若主语是名词用全部倒装，若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。NationalHeroChina'sfirstmannedspaceshipliftedoffinJiuquan,GansuProvince.Thespaceship,1(call)ShenzhouV,carriedChina'sfirstastronaut,YangLiwei,2wasapilotinthearmyandstartedtrainingforhisspaceflightin1998.Yangsaidwhenthespaceshipseparated3therocket,hegotafeelingofsoaringinto4skybecauseofthezerogravity.Whenthespaceshipwasdoingits5(seven)circle,YangLiweiexpressedthewishesoftheChinesepeople6(explore)andusespace7(peace)．At6：23amonOctober16th,YanglandedinInnerMongoliasafely,when8(million)ofpeoplealloverChinawerewatchingTV.WhenYangclimbedoutofthespaceship，hesmiledand9(wave)tothecrowdswaitingforhim.Afterthe21­hourspace10(fly),Yangwashappytobehomeandhewasregardedasamodernhero.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.called2.who3.from4.the5.seventh6.tolions9.waved10.flightⅠ.单句语法填空1．Severaladvertisingagenciesarecompeting(get)thecontract.答案：topetetodosth“竞相做某事”。2．InthataccidentIfelloffthetruckand(injure)myleftleg.答案：injured根据语境可知，在那次事故中，表示已发生过的事情，故应该用一般过去时。3．IthinkIcan(confident)saythatthestaffarehappy.答案：confidently根据句意可知，副词作状语，修饰say。4．ThisisthebestfilmthatIever(see)．答案：have;seen在“This/That/Itisthebest/mostinteresting...＋that从句”中，从句谓语动词应用现在完成时。5．(disable)doesnothavemuchmentalburdenonthechild.答案：Disability根据句子结构可知，在句中作主语，应该用名词。6．ThedoctorsaidIwasabouttopullsoon.答案：through根据句意可知，表示“康复”应该用pullthrough。7．Thewindgrewmoreandmorefurious,itbegantorain.答案：while根据句意可知，表示对比和同时发生，此处应该用连词while引导并列的句子。8．Hedescribedsportasasymbolofpeaceandameansof(promote)friendshipbetweennations.答案：promoting作介词的宾语，应该用动名词。9．Iaskedhimwhetherhehadgotteninvolvedthataction.答案：withgetinvolvedwith...“参加，参与”。10．Bynowwe(learn)about1,500Englishwords.答案：havelearntbynow一般和现在完成时连用。Ⅱ.单句写作1．(当飞船起飞时),theweatherwasveryclear.答案：Whenthespaceshipliftedoff2．Hearingthenews,he(满意地松了一口气)．答案：letoutagaspofdelight3．Wordcamethattheoldbuildingsinthisareatobuildupanamusementpark.消息传来，这一地区的旧建筑物将被拆除以建一个游乐场。答案：wouldbepulleddown4．一星期前我确实想出国度假，但现在已放弃了这个想法。(giveup)答案：Ididwantaholidayabroadaweekago,butnowI'vegivenuptheidea.5．我们正在制作飞机模型，突然我弟弟跑进房间。答案：Weweremakingmodelplaneswhenmylittlebrotherranintoourroom.Ⅲ.语法填空PresidentXiJinping1(sign)apresidentialorderonTuesdaytoawardfourpeoplenationalmedalsandhonorarytitlesfortheiroutstandingcontributions2fightingtheCOVID­19pandemic(流行病).ZhongNanshan,84,3excellentdiseaseexpert,wasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic,thehighestnationalhonor,forhisoutstandingworkinfightingCOVID­19inChina.Threeotherswerealsoawardedthe“People'sHero”nationalhonorarytitleforhelpingfightagainstthenovelcoronavirus(新冠病毒).TheyareZhangBoli,a4(tradition)Chinesemedicineexpert;ZhangDingyu,headofWuhan'sJinyintanHospital;andChenWei,amedicalscientist5mademajorachievementsinCOVID­19­relatedbasicresearch.Zhongalsohaslongbeendevotedtotheresearch,preventionand6(treat)ofmajorinfectiousandchronicrespiratorydiseases(慢性呼吸病),andhasalongrecordof7(achievement).Hewasamajorfigureinthefightagainstthesevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(综合症状)outbreakin2003inChina.FollowingtheCOVID­19outbreak,theChinesegovernmentencouragedthecountry8(contain)thediseaseinWuhan.Hubeiprovince,afterthecitywaslockeddowninlateJanuary.Morethan42,000medicalworkersfromacrossthecountry9(send)toHubeitofightthedisease.Thepandemichasbeen10(effective)placedundercontrolontheChinesemainlandsinceearlyMarch.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述获得共和国勋章的钟南山院士在抗击新冠肺炎中的贡献和中国的抗疫工作。1．signed考查动词的时态。句意：周二，国家主席习近平签署了主席令，为四名在抗击新冠肺炎中做出突出贡献的人授予国家勋章和荣誉称号。根据时间状语onTuesday和下文wasawarded可知，设空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填signed。2．to考查介词。contributionto“对……的贡献”，是固定搭配，故填to。3．an考查冠词。句意：钟南山，84岁，一位优秀的疾病专家，以其在中国抗击新冠肺炎中的杰出工作而被授予共和国勋章，国家的最高荣誉。expert是可数名词，此处泛指“一位优秀的疾病专家”，应使用不定冠词，且excellent发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。4．traditional考查词性转换。句意：他们是张伯礼，一位中医专家；张定宇，湖北金银潭医院院长；还有陈薇，一位医疗科学家，她在新冠肺炎相关的基础研究中取得重大成就。此处应填一个形容词修饰名词expert。故填traditional。5．who/that考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可使用关系代词who或that，故填who/that。6．treatment考查词性转换。句意：钟南山也长期致力于重大传染病和慢性呼吸道疾病的研究、防治和治疗中，并且取得了很多成就。此处和“research,prevention”并列作介词to的宾语，应使用名词，故填treatment。7．achievements考查名词。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语，achievement意为“成就”，用作可数名词，根据alongrecordof可知，此处应使用复数，故填achievements。8．tocontain考查非谓语动词。句意：新冠肺炎爆发后，中国政府鼓励全国控制武汉的疫情。encouragesb/sthtodosth“鼓励某人/某物做某事”，是固定搭配，此处动词不定式作宾补。故填tocontain。9．weresent考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：来自全国的42,000多名医疗工作者被派往湖北与疾病作斗争。此处是讲述过去的事情，且动词send和主语Morethan42,000medicalworkers之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，故填weresent。10．effectively考查词性转换。句意：自3月初以来，中国大陆的疫情得到有效控制。此处修饰动词placed，应使用副词，故填effectively。Ⅳ.短文改错Withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,theenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse.Thisishightimethatwetookactionandwewouldhavenowheretolive.Ashighschoolstudent,wecanprotecttheenvironmentbylivealow­carbonlife.Firstly,weshouldturnonthelightswhenwearenotusingthemtosavetheelectricity.Secondly,whenwewentout,weshouldwalkorridebikesifpossibly.Ifwetraveltoplacesfaraway,theycantakepublictransport.Finally,it'salsoagoodideareusethingsinourdailylife,suchaspaper,bottlesandcans.答案：Withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,theenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse.eq\o(This,\s\do8(①It))ishightimethatwetookactioneq\o(and,\s\do8(②or))wewouldhavenowheretolive.Ashighschooleq\o(student,\s\do8(③students))，wecanprotecttheenvironmentbyeq\o(live,\s\do8(④living))alow­carbonlife.Firstly,weshouldturneq\o(on,\s\do8(⑤off/out))thelightswhenwearenotusingthemtosaveeq\o(eq\o(the,＼),\s\do9(⑥))electricity.Secondly,whenweeq\o(went,\s\do8(⑦go))out,weshouldwalkorridebikesifeq\o(possibly,\s\do8(⑧possible)).Ifwetraveltoplacesfaraway,eq\o(they,\s\do8(⑨we))cantakepublictransport.Finally,it'salsoagoodideaeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑩to))reusethingsinourdailylife,suchaspaper,bottlesandcans.1．This→It考查固定句型。固定句型itishightimethat...表示“该是做某事的时候了”。故将This改为It。2．and→or考查连词。结合句意可知表示“否则”应用or，故将and改为or。3．student→students考查名词。student为可数名词，根据下文we可知应用复数。故将student改为students。4．live→living考查动名词。by为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，故将live改为living。5．on→off/out考查介词。固定短语“turnoff/out”，意为“关灯”。故将on改为off/out。6．去掉the考查冠词。electricity是不可数名词，前面不需要冠词。故去掉the。7．went→go考查动词的时态。此处描述一般情况，所以用一般现在时，主语为we，动词用原形。故将went改为go。8．possibly→possible考查形容词。本句是ifitispossible的省略句，应用形容词作表语。故将possibly改为possible。9．they→we考查代词。本文是以第一人称复数写的，所以用we作主语。故将they改为we。10．idea后加to考查动词不定式。根据句型itisagoodideatodosth表示“做某事是好主意”，todo不定式作真正主语放在后面，it作形式主语。故在idea后加to。课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·西藏拉萨中学高三月考)Sharksaren'tthescariestthingsintheoceanforscientistswhodivetowork.Powerfulcurrents,createdwheretheoceanfloordropsaway,canbejustasdeadly.“Youcangetsuckeddownbythepressurewithinminutes，”notesMarcelJaspars.He'sachemistwhooncesavedhimselffromsuchacurrent.HecameacrossitwhiletakingphotosofaseaspongenearIndonesia,inSoutheastAsia.Luckily,heinflatedhisdivevestintime.Hewasabletofloattothesurfaceandescapethepotentiallydeadlycurrent.Divinghasrisks.Butthescientistswhoworkunderwateraretrainedtodealwiththesedangers.ForJaspars,therewardsofresearchandunderwateradventurearegreaterthantherisks.Hesearchesforunusualchemicalsmadebyoceanlife.Thenheanalyzesthemforcomponentsthatmightserveasmedicinesforpeople.Theseamayseemlikeastrangeplacetolookfornewdrugs.Butorganisms(生物体)intheoceanhavehadtoadapttoatoughenvironment.Someofthechemicalstheymakeforsurvivalmighthelppeople,too.Morethan50yearsago,scientistsdiscoveredanewanti­cancerdruginaseasponge.Sincethen,researchershavebeenhuntingtheseasformoreofsuchusefulnaturalproducts.Withthehelpofunderwaterrobotsandsmallsubmarines(潜水艇),Jasparsandotherscientistsaresearchingtheseas—fromtheshallowtotheoceans'greatdepths.Theirgoal:findingchemicalsmadebymarinelifeforuseinonedaytreatinghumandisease.NowJasparsdirectstheMarineBiodiscoveryCenter.It'sattheUniversityofAberdeen,inScotland.Therehefocusesonmicrobes(微生物)livinginverycoldenvironments,suchastheArcticOcean.“It'stoocoldanddeeptodivethere，”hesays.Soscientistsonresearchshipspullupbucketsofmudfromtheseafloor.Later,theysendhimsmallsamplesofwhatthey'vepulledup.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家冒险潜入冰冷的海水中寻找海洋生物制造的化学物质，试图找到用于治疗人类疾病的药物。1．WhyisJaspars'experiencementionedinParagraph1?A．Toadvisewaysofsurvivinginthesea.B．Toexplainhisabilityandluckinthesea.C．Toshowthedangerofdeadlycurrenttodivers.D．Totellusthevalueofhisunderwateradventure.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Powerfulcurrents,created...suchacurrent.(在海底下沉的地方产生的强大水流也可能是致命的。MarcelJaspars(马塞尔·贾斯帕尔斯)指出：‘你可以在几分钟内被压力吸下去。’他是一名化学家，曾经从这种水流中拯救了自己。)”可推知，提及Jaspars的经历是为了展示致命水流对潜水者的危险。故选C。2．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofJaspars'researchandunderwateradventure?A．Secure. B．Unique.C．Unbearable. D．Rewarding.答案：D推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，对Jaspars来说，水下探险的回报大于风险。他寻找海洋生物制造的不寻常化学物质。然后，他分析它们的成分，从而找到用于人类的药物。由此推知，作者认为Jaspars的研究和水下探险是值得的。故选D。3．What'sthepurposeofJaspars'searchingtheseas?A．Tofindchemicalsfornewmedicines.B．Tostudyallkindsofoceancreatures.C．Tobetrainedtodealwithoceandangers.D．Tolookfornewmedicinesformarinelife.答案：A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Theirgoal:findingchemicalsmadebymarinelifeforuseinonedaytreatinghumandisease.”可知，Jaspars搜索海洋的目标是：找到海洋生物制造的化学物质，在某一天内用于治疗人类疾病。故选A。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TherisksofsearchingtheseasB．RiskydivingfornewmedicinesC．ThemostdangerousthingsintheseaD．Jaspars,achemistinventingmedicines答案：B标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了Jaspars等科学家通过潜入深海中寻找海洋生物制造的化学物质，以找到用于治疗人类疾病的药物。所以文章的最佳标题为“冒险潜水寻找新药”。故选B。B(2021·甘肃高三二模)ChinesevolleyballsuperstarZhu