2024届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题-依文推理定选项

第二讲推理判断题——依文推理定选项推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题。一、推理判断题的4大题型分类考查内容设问方式细节推理题细节推理题要求根据语篇内容推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断注意题干中常用的六个动词：infer，indicate，imply，suggest(暗示)，conclude和assume。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat____________．Whatcanweinferabout...？写作意图题写作意图题要求根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手段的目的。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事例使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力关于整篇文章写作意图的常见设问方式有：Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext？Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto________．观点态度题高考对观点态度题的设题形式越来越灵活，题目难度也有所增加，考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或态度的题较多，对学生对文章的理解提出了更高的要求，学生要利用多种阅读技巧来仔细确定题干的关键信息，借此定位文中的原句并准确推断出答案近几年高考真题中常见的设题形式有：Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards/to...?Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________．文章出处题或读者对象题文章出处题要求具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象题要求根据文章内容和文中的措辞来推断该类题型常见的设题形式有：Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound?Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor________．Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________.二、推理判断题的5大命题陷阱推理判断题是为了考查学生能否读懂文章中字里行间隐含的含义，能否以文章中所叙述的事实为依据，经过自己的思考和判断进行客观的推理，从而得出结论。因此，命题者常常设置一些干扰项，没读懂文章的学生很容易受其“迷惑”而“误入歧途”，掉入命题者精心设置的“陷阱”。陷阱(一)主观臆断eq\a\vs4\al(选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测)[典例](2023·全国乙卷)PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence，shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor，shewasbannedfrommedicine.TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However，Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511，Tanwroteabook，SayingsofaFemaleDoctor，describingherlifeasaphysician.JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut，dressedasaman，shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813，thenjoinedtheBritishArmy，servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859，havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater，shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865，wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.22．HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A．Shewroteabook.B．Shewentthroughtrials.C．Sheworkedasadentist.D．Shehadformaleducation.[解析]根据TanYunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。第一个人物介绍中提到JacquelineFelicedeAlmania因非法行医受到法庭的审判，B项属于张冠李戴，应被排除；文章没有提到谈允贤当牙医，属于主观臆断。故C项错误；谈允贤从小跟着家人学医，因此D项也是错误的。[答案]A陷阱(二)逻辑颠倒eq\a\vs4\al(某些选项颠倒原文逻辑，例如错误归因、倒置目的与手段等)[典例](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934，betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.30．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A．Thestamppricehasgonedown.B．Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C．Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D．Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.[解析]根据本段第一句可知，联邦政府将出售鸭票的部分收入投入候鸟保护基金，用来保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。该项法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了资金，D项所述符合句意。干扰项B说候鸟飞离，是1934年颁布法案的原因，而非颁布法案的结果，属于逻辑颠倒。[答案]Deq\a\vs4\al(陷阱（三）,过度推断或以偏概全)有时作者仅简单、客观叙述事实，并未作出评论，而部分选项却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推断；或者针对原文中某一句话进行推断，忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全错误[典例](2021·天津卷)Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut，onceyouexploretheirdepths，youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni，whoisalsoawriter，haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter，sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead，butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit.”54．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B．In­depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.[解析]根据本段第三句可知，作者引用Toni的例子意在说明看似没有关系的兴趣实际在联系着。干扰项C说Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit，而原文中只提到Toni正在追求自己的兴趣，并未评价是否成功，也更不能推断出所有人都有希望成功，属于过度推断。[答案]D陷阱(四)偷换概念某些选项的内容与原文句子结构、词汇使用高度相似，仅在不起眼处略微改动用词，或截取部分原文中出现过的关键词，但整体意思不符合原文主旨，此类选项干扰性较强[典例](2022·全国乙卷)Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher­valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco­pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.30．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.[解析]题干问的是期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文段最后一句“Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime”(因为能提前看到，无人机可以感知到任何问题，这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知，期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题，并给列车发出警告。B项“使火车自动运行”是偷换概念，文段中的“programmedtorunautonomously”指的是无人机可以自动运行，而不是火车；C项“为机组人员挣得利润”和D项“加快交通运输”是无中生有，文章没有提及。[答案]A陷阱(五)背离主题eq\a\vs4\al(选项背离了文章的主题思想)[典例](2022·全国甲卷)EverywhereinSydneythesedays，changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号)，andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity'sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself，”shesaid.“Wecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决)．”34．WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A．Itislosingitstraditions.B．Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C．Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D．Itisbecomingmoreinternational.[解析]根据文段中的“Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings”和“‘Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself，’shesaid.‘Wecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.’”可以看出，ShirleyFitzgerald认为在奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼摒弃了许多自己过去的东西，包括那些精美的建筑物。干扰选项B说悉尼应该加快现代化的过程，属于背离主题。[答案]A三、推理判断题的7大解题技法推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：(1)“立足原文，只推一步，”即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。对于推理判断题，学生在平时的备考中要多注意从整体上把握语篇内容，判断文章体裁，通过分析文章结构找到主题段，定位主题句，再分析其他各段与主题之间的关系，理清文章脉络和结构；此外，还应学会理解字里行间的隐含意义，在已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，领会字里行间的“弦外之音”。具体方法如下：技法(一)根据作者的思想倾向和感情色彩推断观点态度此方法适用于推断作者及文中人物的观点、态度、情感等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文中的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感情色彩的形容词或副词[典例](2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision­makingareenormous.35．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.[解析]根据文段的内容可知，作者认为虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但对群体讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推知，作者对于Navajas的研究持支持的态度。[答案]D技法(二)根据特定信息和逆向思维进行推断有些推理判断题，可根据题干提供的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维，从而得出正确答案[典例](2022·全国乙卷)Today'sfigures，accordingtoonegovernmentofficial，showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance，andtheindustryisplayingitspart.35．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort­sighteddecision.B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D．Itupsetscustomers.[解析]本题询问的是“关于采用糖税政策可以推断出什么”，根据文段中的“Today'sfigures，...showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance，andtheindustryisplayingitspart.”可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。故选B项。[答案]B技法(三)利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断文章是作者抒发感情、表达观点的一种方式。因此，很多文章，尤其是记叙文和议论文，其语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写作意图。利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨的基础上对文章准确地进行逻辑判断。找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对掌握文章主旨大意、了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有用处[典例](2023·全国甲卷)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences，andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory，andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness，andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime，eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.31．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?A．Objectiveandplain.B．Daringandambitious.C．Seriousandhardtofollow.D．Humorousandstraightforward.[解析]根据首段中的“andhedoessowithplentyofhumor”及末段中的“TheSocratesExpressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemin...”可推知，作者认为Weiner的这本书幽默风趣且易懂。[答案]D技法(四)根据上下文的逻辑进行结论推断结论推断是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类题的前提是获得文章的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断[典例](2022·浙江卷)Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland，whereWattperfected“themachinethatchangedtheworld”．Kleinwrites，“Americadidnotinventthesteamengine，butoncetheygraspeditspossibilitiestheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse.”Meanwhile，overthecourseofthe19thcentury，electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.Edisonperfectedanincandescentbulb(白炽灯泡)thatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanhome.…Toframehisstory，KleincreatesthecharacterofNed，afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime...25．WhatcanbeinferredaboutNed?A．HewasborninNewYorkCity.B．Hewrotemanyinterestingstories.C．Hecreatedanelectricitycompany.D．Helivedmainlyinthe19thcentury.[解析]根据末段中的“KleincreatesthecharacterofNed，afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime”可知，Ned在他的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步；再结合第一段和第二段内容可知，Klein在书中描绘了18世纪末期和19世纪蒸汽和电力的发展。由此可推知，Ned主要生活在19世纪。[答案]D技法(五)整合全文(段)信息进行推断有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在理解全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最佳答案[典例](2022·浙江卷)TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstechnology，andthelifebloodofthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong­distancecommunicationandenergy，electricitycreatedthemodernworld.Yetproperlyunderstood，theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam，whichbeganacenturyearlier.“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions，”writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers：Steam，Electricity，andtheMenWhoInventedModernAmerica.Klein，anotedhistorianoftechnology，spinsanarrative(叙述)solivelythatattimesitreadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland，whereWattperfected“themachinethatchangedtheworld”．Kleinwrites，“Americadidnotinventthesteamengine，butoncetheygraspeditspossibilitiestheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse.”Meanwhile，overthecourseofthe19thcentury，electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.Edisonperfectedanincandescentbulb(白炽灯泡)thatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanhome.Mostimportantly，Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification，whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla，Westinghouse'sfirmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent(交流电)，whichsoonbecamethemajorformofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory，KleincreatesthecharacterofNed，afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.26．Whatisthetext?A．Abiography.B．Abookreview.C．Ashortstory.D．Asciencereport.[解析]文章首段通过电力和蒸汽引出MauryKlein的书，接下来对该书内容进行了介绍；最后一段提到为了构建他的故事，Klein创造了Ned这个虚构的角色，Ned在他的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步，这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。[答案]B技法(六)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强[典例](2022·全国乙卷)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone­roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen？Well，theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon，however，theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily，theHarrisons，and，likethem，hadlittleprivacy，rarebaths，andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings，RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring，thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden'sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair­raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff，onherhorse，lookingdownfromahilltop：“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains，itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes，coyotes，mice，andvaryinghares，whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”27．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport.B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory.D．Adiaryentry.[解析]根据第一段中的“TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.”，第四段中的“InWickenden'sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.”和最后一段中的“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本篇文章是一则书评。[答案]B技法(七)理解通篇大意、把握写作意图做推理判断题时，应对整篇文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓住文中的关键词或关键句，对文章的引申含义进行分析。整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写作意图，确定最佳结论[典例](2023·浙江卷)Livewithroommates？Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou？Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle，noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon．IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago，asIwaslivingwithmyparents，andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband，asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough，whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot­always­supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson，sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars，andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater，Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries，andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued，IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom，soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品)，Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften，soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch，butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges，youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou'redoing，whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard，yourwordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Sheisquitegoodatcooking.B．Sherespectsothers'privacy.C．Sheenjoysbeingahousewife.D．Sheisadeterminedperson.[解析]根据第二、三、四段可知，作者的“零废弃”的生活方式没有得到家人的理解，但是自己却一直坚持着。结合倒数第三段的最后一句和倒数第一段中作者的建议可知，作者认为，也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变，用行动发挥引领作用。由此推断，作者是一个意志坚定的人。[答案]DA(2023·广东普宁一中高三考前练兵)“Youshouldgetacat，”mydoctorsaid.“Acat？”Icouldn'tevenlookaftermyself.Itookadeepbreathandcarefullyconsideredtheideaofwelcomingafeline(猫科的)friendintomylife.Adoptingananimalduringtheheightofthepandemicwasfarfromeasy.WhenmypartnerandIfoundCinnamon，heradoptionprofilemadeheroutastheperfectkitten.Wefilledoutthepaperworkandhadafewweekstoprepareforherarrival.Whenshecamehome，itbecameincreasinglyobviousthatCinnamondidn'tunderstand“no”，“stopit”or“don'tdothat”．ShewastheworstcatI'veeverowned.Iwasbeginningtodoubtmydoctor'sadvice.Wedecidedtostarttakingherforwalks.Icouldbarelyleavethehousebefore，butmyheartcouldn'tsaynotoCinnamon.Cinnamonshowedmewhatbraverylookedlikeiftherewasadogatapark，shewouldruntowardit.Shejumpedwithoutknowingwhereshewouldland.Shelovedadventure.Ifoundmyselfmirroringherbehaviorafterawhile，jumpingoutofbedwithoutasecondthought.Ibegantofindthemotivationtogetoutofbedinthemorning.Cinnamonunfortunatelypassedawayafteramedicalaccident，leavingacat­sizedholeinmyheartthedaysheleftusatonlysixmonthsold.I'mnostrangertosadnessorgrief，butlosingmypetsosuddenlywasthemostconfusingemotionalexperienceI'veeverhad.Shewassupposedtohelpmethroughmoreofmylifethanthethreeshortmonthswehadher.Ourtimeisoftencutunpredictably，unmistakablyshort.Itwouldbeashametolivelifebeinganythinglessthanbraveandadventurous.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者接受医生的建议，养了一只猫，感受到了猫带来的积极影响，并了解到人们应该拥有冒险的勇气。1．Whydidthedoctoradvisetheauthortogetacat?A．Toteachhertointeractwithanimals.B．Toassisthertofilluphersparetime.C．Tohelpheroutofhermentaldisease.D．Toensurehersafetyintimeofpandemic.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Icouldbarelyleavethehousebefore，butmyheartcouldn'tsaynotoCinnamon.(之前我几乎不敢出门，但我的心无法拒绝Cinnamon。)”可推断，作者的医生建议她养一只猫是为了帮助她摆脱精神疾病。答案：C2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthecatCinnamon?A．Stupidbutlovely.B．Outgoingandaggressive.C．Stubbornbutcourageous.D．Naughtyandadventurous.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Cinnamonshowedmewhatbraverylookedlikeiftherewasadogatapark，shewouldruntowardit.Shejumpedwithoutknowingwhereshewouldland.Shelovedadventure.(Cinnamon让我见识了什么是勇敢。如果公园里有只狗，她就会跑过去。她跳下去，不知道会落在哪里。她喜欢冒险。)”可推断，Cinnamon很顽皮并且喜欢冒险。答案：D3．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．WhyCinnamonlovedgoingoutside.B．HowCinnamonaffectedtheauthorpositively.C．WhytheauthordecidedtotakeCinnamonoutside.D．HowCinnamoninteractedwiththeauthoroutdoors.解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段“Ifoundmyselfmirroringherbehaviorafterawhile，jumpingoutofbedwithoutasecondthought.Ibegantofindthemotivationtogetoutofbedinthemorning.(我发现自己在模仿她的行为，不假思索地从床上跳了起来。我开始找到早上起床的动力。)”以及本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了Cinnamon是如何对作者产生积极影响的。答案：B4．Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A．Thelossofapetispainful.B．Theshortlifeisunpredictable.C．Friendshipwithpetsishelpful.D．Thecouragetotakerisksisbeneficial.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itwouldbeashametolivelifebeinganythinglessthanbraveandadventurous.(如果生活中没有勇气和冒险精神，那将是一种遗憾。)”以及文章内容可推断，作者希望通过本篇文章告诉读者，冒险的勇气是有益的。答案：DB(2023·广东六校联盟高三第六次联考)Doyoueverfeelguiltyforrelaxing，evenafteryou'veworkedhardallday？Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout？Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia(生产力畸形)．itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouraccomplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore，evenwhenyou'rerunning__onfumes.AuthorAnnaCodrea­Radowhowroteanarticleaboutproductivitydysmorphiaclaimed“itisthepursuitofproductivitythatdrivesustodomorewhilerobbingusoftheabilitytoenjoyanysuccesswemightencounteralongtheway”．Highlycompetitiveandjob­ledculturecontributetoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.Infact，you'reoftenpraisedforputtingproductivityaboveyourwell­being.Rememberhowschoolsrewardedperfectattendance？Similarly，companiespreferemployeeswhogetthemaximumworkdonewhiletakingthefewestpossiblebreaks.Rewardslikethesehavestrengthenedthatrestisbadandthatbeingconstantlyatworkistherightthingtodo.Plus，theproblemisn'tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit，butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey'regoingsomewheretoenjoyleisuretime.Habitslikethesemaybebornoutofthesocialpressuretofindself­worthinworkachievements.Somewritershaveevenbegundescribingrestasproductive，asifpeopleshouldstoprelaxingifitdoesn'timp