2023年中考英语复习专题一名词

专题一名词名词（None.）是词类的一种，属于实词，表示人，物，事，地点或抽象概念的统一名称。（普通名词+专有名词）普通名词某一类事物，某种物质，抽象概念的名称。可数名词（知识点一）个体名词（指当个人或事物的名词）Tree树Student学生Ball球Bag书包只能修饰可数名词复数many，few，afew，howmany只能修饰不可数名词much，little，alittle，howmuch既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词–some，any，alotof，lotsof，plentyof集体名词（同一类许多个体的集合的总称）Family家庭Police警察不可数名词（知识点二）物质名词（构成事物的物质）Air空气Water水Glass玻璃抽象名词（动作/状态/品质等抽象概念）Pride骄傲Love骄傲Danger危险专有名词（特定的某个人，地方，机构的名称）人名Nina地名Nanjing时间May五月Monday星期一报刊名ChinaDaily《中国日报》江河湖海名TheYellowRiver黄河…人名Nina霓娜，professorMike麦克教授，Mr.andMrs.Smith史密斯夫妇地名London伦敦，TheGreatWall长城，Asia亚洲，Room507507房间时间名Monday星期一，August八月，children‘sday儿童节报刊名thetimes泰晤士报单位团体theunitednations联合国知识点一可数名词及其单复数名词复数规则变化类别构成方法例词一般情况+sDeskdesksAppleapplesBoyboysKeykeys以x，sh，ch，s结尾+esClassclassesBoxboxesWatchwatchesDishdishes以辅音字母加y结尾把y变i，再加esCountrycountriesFactoryfactoriesPartypartiesCitycities以f或者fe结尾（多数）把f或者fe变为vesKnifeknivesWifewivesLeafleavesShelfshelvesThiefthieves以o结尾，有生命的+esHeroheroesPotatopotatoesTomatotomatoesMangomangoes以o结尾，无生命的+sPhotophotosRadioradiosZoozoos名词复数不规则变化类别例句改变名词中的元音字母变a为eManmenWomanwomen变oo为eeFootfeetToothteeth单复数形式相同SheepsheepDeerdeer其他不规则变化MousemiceChildchildren某国人变复数（中日不变英法变，其余“s”加后面）ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAustralianAustraliansGermanGermansAmericanAmericansCanadianCanadians1.当名词前的修饰词是man或woman，变复数时，两个名词全都要变成复数形式;如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。如：amanteachertwomenteachersawomansingertwowomensingersaboystudenttwoboystudents2.“数词十名词(†形容词）”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。如：Sheisafiveyearoldgirl.地是一个五岁的女孩。（fiveyearold不能写成fiveyearsold)afivepoundnote一张五英镑的纸币a100meterrace一场百米赛跑3.有些名词常以复数形式出现。表达其数量时，常借助pair一词。如trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes,pants等如：apairoftrousers,twopairsofgloves.知识点二一、概念无法用数目计算的物质名词和抽象名词。二、特点不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能直接与数词(one，two..)或不定冠词a,an连用，但可用some,any,alotof,alittle等修饰。此外,还可以构成“数词或冠词＋计量名词+of+不可数名词”结构。如：apieceofadvice,acupoftea,aglassofmilk,apieceofpaper,adropofwater,twocupsofcoffee.三、初中阶段常见的不可数名词饮食类：milk,water,tea,coffee,beer,
wine,juice,meat,beef,pork,rice,bread,salt,soup,cheese,butter.材料类：glass,plastic,cotton,silk,
wood,metal,silver,gold,steel.自然类：air,light,rain,snow,fire,
weather,wind,ice.抽象概念类：news,advice,information,homework,knowledge,success,surprise,fun,progress,music有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同。名词可数名词不可数名词Chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉glass玻璃杯玻璃paper报纸，文件纸orange橙子橙汁room房间空间time次数，倍数时间知识点三名词所有格类别构成方法例子单数名词加sMary’ssisterMydad’scarTheactress’sname复数名词以s结尾加‘Theteachers'officeThegirls'interestsYourgrandparents'room不以s结尾加’sChildren'sDayWomen'sDay二、用法用在表示人或动物的名词后，表示所属关系,意为“………的”。
ThisisTom'scar.这是汤姆的车。用and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，在后一个名词后面加s。如：
LilyandLucy'smotherisanurse.莉莉和露西的妈妈是一名护士。如果不表示共有关系,则在两个名词后面分别加‘s.如，Lily'sandJohn'smothersarenurses.莉莉的妈妈和约翰的妈妈都是护士。复合不定代词someone,everybody等和else连用时,’s应加在else后。如：
somebodyelse'spencil别人的铅笔表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，也可以在词尾加’s或，来构成所有格。如：today'snewspaper今天的报纸，fiveminutes’ride/walk/drive骑车/走路/开车5分钟的路程，China'scapital中国的首都,threedays?leave三天的假期巩固练习单项选择1.（2022安徽，24）—Idomorningexerciseseveryday.Itworksmywholebody.It'sagoodhabit.Ithelpsyoukeepingood______.A.time2.Betty,you'dbetterfollowthedoctor's______anddomoreexercise.Iwill.Thankyou.A.adviceB.agreementC.information3.（2022湖北武汉,33）WhydoyoupracticeTaiChieveryday?BecausethisChineseformofexercisehelpsmerelaxandfindmyinner(内心的)____.A.voice4Whichicecreamdoyouwant,Mary?Youcan'thaveallofthem.Youhavetomakea______.A.wish5.MissLihaslotsofteaching______Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A.exerciseC.experience6.Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating______.D.habits7.（2021江苏南京，12)YuanLongpingwasaworldfamousscientist.Becauseofhisachievements,rice_____hasbeenincreasedgreatly.D.introduction8.Hi,Momisamovingfilm.Ithasbeenonforseveralmonthsinthe_______.A.museum9.Yourleglooksreallybad!Ithinkyoushouldsendfora______aboutthat.10.Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought______topeopleallovertheworld.11.（2021湖北武汉，37）Theidion（成语）"Mengzi'smothermakesthreemoves"tellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethebest_______forherchild.D.information12.WhydoChinesecelebratingpeoplelikered?Becausethecolorredisthe_____ofgoodluckinChina.单句填空Maythewholeworldbefullofp______(和平),love,andhappiness.Jimwillbeonsummer
vacationinJuneandJ______Canyoupointoutyourcountryonthisworld_____(地图)Thebighousewassoldatahigh______（价格)lastyear.单项选择1.（2022重庆A卷,23)Thisyear,thefamily
wentcampingon______Day,June1st.A.ChildB.Child'sD.Children's2.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.3.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant
_______inChina,isfamousforthe
YellowCraneTower.
单句填空Peoplehadrebuiltthebridgemany_______(time).My
______(grandmother)gardenisverynice.Overtheyears,GongBaoChickenhasbeeoneofthemost______(dish)inChineserestaurantsthroughouttheworld.Thewallpaperwith
cartoonpatternsisidealformy______(son)room.In1920,the
_______(world)firstthreecolortrafficlightwasput
touse.单项选择WhenDavegoesbackhomefromschool,hisdogalwaysgreetshimatthedoorwith______(excite).Althoughhemajoredinchemistry,HuangopenedacubestoreinChangshaafterhis_______(graduate).AsaTV
______(report),it'smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.ChineseNewYearisa
_______(celebrate)markingtheendof
winterandthebeginningofspring.Withthe
______(develop)ofscienceandtechnology,lifeisbeingmucheasier.单项选择Mostparentsthinkitisagoodtotakeaschoolbusbecauseit'squite
safe.There'slesswaterforpeopleinnearby
likeChina,India,andPakistan.
citiesD.villagesMary，how
aboutgoingtothe_____?Goodidea.Wecanreadlotsofbooksthere.cinema—Chinaheldthe
Olympicsin2008and2022successfully.Wetake________inourgreatcountry.advice一Ihearyouhavetoget
upearlyeverymorning.Right.It'soneofthe_______ofmyfamily.hobbiesStudyinginanother
countryisadifferent_______.Youcanhaveatry.traditionB.differenceHelenisn'tin.CanI
takea
______forher?newspaperD.languageThestoryreminds
usthatweshouldnevermakea______ifwecan'tkeepit.wishchoice9.One_______ofthebookismissing,soIcan'tlearnthewholestory.10.—Samalwaysreadsforhalfanhourbeforebedtimeeveryday.That'sagood_____.Readingmakesafullman.单句填空Peopleliketoflykitesin______（三月）.B_______isthecoloroftheskyonasunnyday.Watching______(mouse)wasfunandhelpedmeforgetaboutmytroubles.Myparentscalledthe______(policeman),buttheycouldn'tfindanythingstrange.It'saboutone_______(hour)busridefrommyhometotheairport.Afterthe________(invent)ofpaper,peoplestartedtowriteonpapertomakebooks.Thedogscouldsensetheobjectsfromadistance,buthumanscouldn'tfeelthe______(warm)oftheobjectuntiltheytouchedit.单项选择1.Hersmilealwaysmakesmefeelwarmandlively.Itseemstohave______A.answer2.（2022四川成都二模）—Howdidyoufixup
thebrokenbicycle,Jack?It'seasy.Ijustfollowedthe______.A.instructions3.（2022广西贵港二模）—Whatisthe______
ofthebasketballmatchbetweenClass3and
Class4?Itwas5642.Class3wonthegame.4.（2022江苏苏州模拟）The_______onJack'sfaceshowedthathewassurprisedatthenews.A.secretB.form5.（2022广西北海一模）Asweallknow,a
thousandmilejourneybeginswiththe
first____.Yes,let'sgetstartednow!6.（2022浙江温州二模）TheTittlegirlhassucha
good_______thatshecankeepthenamesofall
herclassmatesinmindonthefirstdayatschool.
7.（2022云南昆明一模）—Chinahaswona
"pletevictory"initsfightagainstpoverty
（脱贫攻坚）.Exactly.Great______havetakenplaceinmyhometown.B.habits
8.(2022河北重点中学联考）TheGreatWallis
the_______
ofChina.Manyforeignerseto
visititeveryyear.9.Andwiththe__