重难点10非谓语动词-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(原卷版)

专项一词汇重难点10非谓语动词 1.动词不定式1.1.动词不定式的形式:基本形式为“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“notto+动词原形”。例It'simportantnottobelateforclass.上课不迟到是非常重要的。1.2.动词不定式的功能（1)动词不定式作状语。作状语时，一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。例WeneedmoremoneytoimprovetransportinLondon.我们需要更多的钱来改善伦敦的交通状况。（2)动词不定式作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的不定式后置。常用句型为“Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.”。例It'snoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在这个小镇上要找到路很不容易。（3)动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：wouldlike/wantto想要agreeto同意affordto负担得起hope/wishto希望decideto决定promiseto承诺continueto继续expectto期望refuseto拒绝（4)动词不定式作宾语补足语。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事（5)动词不定式作定语。作定语时常放在修饰词后，作后置定语。例Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.我想不出任何好的建议给她。（6)动词不定式作表语。常放于be动词后。例Myjobistolookafterthebaby.我的工作是照顾这个婴儿。1.3.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。Ididn'tknowhowtogetbacktothevillage.我不知道怎样回到村子。1.4.常见省略to的动词不定式结构hadbetterdosth.最好做某事wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事Why(not)dosth.?为什么（不）做某事？动名词2.1.动名词的功能（1)动名词作动词的宾语。常接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）有：enjoy喜欢finish完成keep(on)保持mind介意advise建议suggest建议practice练习admit承认feellike想要can'thelp禁不住imagine想象avoid避免（2)作介词的宾语。介词后用动名词作宾语。例Aftereatinginherrestaurantpeoplewouldbecometiredveryquickly.顾客在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。（3)动名词作定语。置于被修饰词之前，表明被修饰词的用途、性质等。例Sheisinthewaitingroom.她在候车室。例Let'sbuyawashingmachine.我们买台洗衣机吧。（4)动名词作主语。表示一种概念、习惯或经验，常用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。Itisfunplayingcomputergames.玩电脑游戏很有趣。（5)动名词作表语。例Hisfavoritesportsisplayingbasketball.他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。2.2.动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别部分动词后接动词不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事regrettodosth.遗憾去做某事（未做某事而遗憾）regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事（做了某事而后悔）trytodosth.设法尽力做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事stoptodosth.停下当前事去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止当前事现在分词、过去分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。分词的句法功能如下：功能说明例句定语修饰语与被修饰词为主动关系或动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词。单个分词作定语放在所修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在修饰词后。Forexample,therearealreadyrobotsworkinginfactories.例如，已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。Heisamanlovedbyall.他是一个受大家爱戴的人。状语与主语为主动关系用现在分词；与主语为被动关系用过去分词。Beingill,shestayedathome.因为病了，所以她待在家里。Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能做出这道题。补足语宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；宾语与补足语为被动关系、动作已完成或动作他人完成用过去分词。Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.不要让学生们整天学习。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点：1.动词不定式；2.动名词；3.分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。典例解析1．（2022·四川广安·统考中考真题）Theyneedto________(筹集)enoughmoneytobuildanewschool.【答案】raise【详解】句意：他们需要筹集足够的资金来建造一所新学校。筹集：raise，needtodosth.“需要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填raise。2．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Ifyou’reoutgoingenough,you’llfindit’snothardto________________(交朋友)withothers.【答案】

make

friends【详解】句意：如果你足够外向，你会发现和别人交朋友并不难。makefriendswithsb.“与某人交朋友”；固定句型it’s+形容词+todosth.“做某事是……样的”。故填make；friends。3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）I’mafraidImightlosemybestfriend,andI’lltrytor________(修复)ourrelationship.【答案】(r)epair【详解】句意：我害怕我可能会失去我最好的朋友，我会努力修复我们的关系。repair“修复”，trytodosth“努力做某事”，故填(r)epair。一、单项选择1．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）Anoldman________onthesideoftheroadwasfound________,andhewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmediately.A．lies;dies B．lay;died C．lain;dead D．lying;dying2．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）Thepaintingisreallyvaluabletohim.Hewillneveragree________it.A．sell B．sells C．sold D．tosell3．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Mr.Browntoldhissonnot________thepaintingsinthemuseum.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．touched4．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that5．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Thenewyeariscoming.Teachersencourageus________newhobbies.A．develop B．developing C．todevelop D．developed6．（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching7．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?—Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps8．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Welearned________toworkasateambycompletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who9．（2022·云南·统考中考真题）Ifyouwant________yourpronunciation,keeponpracticingeveryday.A．improve B．improved C．improving D．toimprove10．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）Thelocalgovernmentadvisespeople________tootherplaces________itisnotnecessaryduringthepandemic.A．travel;unless B．tonottravel;if C．nottotravel;unless D．nottotravel;if11．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________.—Don’tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough.A．washing;are B．towash;are C．towash;is D．washing;is12．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesonyournewjourney!A．cutting B．tocut C．getting D．toget13．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Hollyprefersplayingthepianoto________theviolin.Listen!She________thepianoinherroom.A．play;isplaying B．playing;plays C．playing;isplaying14．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—Theartfestivaliscoming.It’sagoodchancetoshowourselves.—Youareverygoodat________.Andyouwillbethemostpopularstar.A．singing B．sing C．tosing D．sang15．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）Nancydidn’tknowanyoneinthenewschool,soshedecidedtojoinanafter-schoolclub________somenewfriends.A．tomeet B．meet C．met D．meets二、用所给单词的正确形式填空16．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）Theteacheraskedthestudents________(circle)thecorrectanswer.17．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）Moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoy________(read)poems.18．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）MissGaoispreparingatalkonhow_________(solve)teenagerproblems.19．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）Iremember__________mykeyintomybag,butnowit’snotthere!（put）20．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）Thejournalisthopedto_________thebraveactofthefireman.（reporter）三、完成句子21．（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）凯特计划参加学校科学日活动。Katewasplanningto__________________theactivitiesontheschoolScienceDay.22．（2022·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题）做往往比说更重要。_______somethingisusuallymoreimportantthantosaysomething.23．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）那位62岁的女士足够勇敢，从湖里救起了一位小伙子。（完成译句）The62-year-oldlady