2023年考研外语考前冲刺预测试卷3

考研外语考前冲刺预测试卷3

一、UseofEnglish

1、TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesof

marriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.The

currentannualmarriage(1)intheUnitedStates-about9

newmarriagesforevery1,000people-is(2)higherthan

itisinotherindustrializedcountries.However,marriageis

(3)aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.(4)

ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried(5)from72percentin

1970to60percentin2022.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbers

ofpeoplewillremainunmarried(6)theirlives.

Throughoutthe20thcentury,about90percentofAmericans

marriedatsome(7)intheirlives.Experts(8)that

aboutthesameproportionoftoday'syoungadultswill

eventuallymarry.

Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried(9)overthepastcentury.

In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe

(10)oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageof

menwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry

(11)thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthan

people(12)inthe1950s.(13),youngadultsofthe

1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious(14)inU.S.

history.Today'slaterageofmarriageis(15)theageof

marriagebetween1890and1940.(16),agreaterproportion

ofthepopulationwasmarried(95percent)duringthe1950sthan

atanytimebefore(17).Expertsdonotagreeon(18)

the“marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurred,but

mostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda(19)to

thereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsof

severeeconomic(20)andwar.

A.ratio

B.rate

C.percentage

D.poll

2、⑵

A.potentially

B.intentionally

C.substantially

D.randomly

3、(3)

A.notanylonger

B.nomore

C.notanymore

D.nolonger

4、⑷

A.Theproportion

B.Aproportion

C.Thenumber

D.Anumber

5、⑸

A.deteriorated

B.declined

C.deduced

D.demolished

6、(6)

A.past

B.passing

C.throughout

D.through

7、(7)

A.period

B.level

C.point

D.respect

8、(8)

A.project

B.plan

C.promise

D.propose

9、(9)

A.unexpectedly

B.irregularly

C.flexibly

D.consistently

10、(10)

A.time

B.year

C.stage

D.age

IK(11)

A.at

B.in

C.of

D.for

12、(12)

A.do

B.did

C.marry

D.married

13、(13)

A.Besides

B.However

C.Whereas

D.Nevertheless

14、(14)

A.descendants

B.ascendants

C.generation

D.population

15、(15)

A.inlinewith

B.accordingto

C.basedon

D.causedby

16、(16)

A.Moreover

B.Likewise

C.Similarly.

D.Therefore

17、(17)

A.andafter

B.orafter

C.eversince

D.orsince

18、(18)

A.why

B.how

C.when

D.what

19、(19)

A.refusal

B.realization

C.reality

D.response

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproducts

andservices,aswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.

Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwould

promptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedto

ethnictastes.Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmight

followtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitsmore

appealingtoyoungervisitors.

Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanprepareto

dealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.Forinstance,acorporate

managerwithforesightmightseeanalarmingriseinlocal

housingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled

workersintheregion.Thepublic,schangingvaluesand

priorities,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographic

shifts,economicconstraints(oropportunities),and

environmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe

increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.

Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystems

runningsmoothly,toplanbudgets,andtopreventwars.

Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofnewproblems

emergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology.

Evenatthecommunitylevel,foresightiscritical:School

officials,forexample,needforesighttoassessnumbersof

studentstoaccommodate,numbersofteacherstohire,new

educationaltechnologiestodeploy,andnewskillsforstudents

(andtheirteachers)todevelop.

Manyofthebest-knowntechniquesforforesightweredeveloped

bygovernmentplanners,especiallyinthemilitary,whenthe

post-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticalto"thinkabout

theunthinkable"andprepareforit.Pioneeringfuturistsat

theRANDCorporation(thefirst“thinktank")beganseriously

consideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefuture

andhowthesemightaffectU.S.security.Thesepioneering

futuristsatRAND,alongwithotherselsewhere,refineda

varietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.

Thefuturistsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuous

withthepresentworld,sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhat

mayhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatis

happeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents(sudden

developmentsorone-dayoccurrences)buttrends(long-term

ongoingshiftsinsuchthingsaspopulation,landuse,

technology,andgovernmentalsystems).

Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothers,futuristsnowcantell

usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearly

certaintohappen,suchasthecontinuingexpansioninthe

world;spopulation.Othereventsareviewedasfarlesslikely,

butcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur,suchasan

asteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.

Correctlyexercisingforesightisshowninthecaseof.

A.newproductsandservices

B.anincreaseinminoritypopulations

C.stockingmorefoodswithethnictastes

D.theappealingartmuseumdirector

2、

Whichofthefollowingmayberegardedaspotentialcrises?

A.Analarmingriseinlocalhousingprices.

B.Theavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.

C.Thelackofskilledworkersintheregion.

D.Thepublic，schangingvaluesandpriorities.

3、

Allthefollowingarecitedasexamplesoftheimportanceof

exercisingforesightEXCEPT.

A.governmentadministrators

B.schoolofficials

C.schoolstudentsandteachers

D.governmentplanners

4、

Accordingtothetext,themostimportantforthefuturists

tograspis.

A.thefutureworld

B.thepresentworld

C.whatishappeningnow

D.theworldtrends

5、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.

A.TheUseofForesight

B.HowtoExerciseForesight

C.ForesightinBusinessandGovernment

D.TheBest-knownTechniquesforForesight

6、Avarietyofsignificant,attractiveshort-termbenefits

willdrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes.

Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweather,climatechanges,

andnaturaldisasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesand

relatedhealthproblems;afreshandnutritiousdiet;a

dependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobalunrest.

ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethelong-term

sustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthatthe

planetisexperiencingunusualweatherandclimate

abnormalities.The10hottestyearsinrecordedhistoryhave

allbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethehottestdecade

onrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669people

inChicago.In1996,wehadaseasonofrecordheatspells,and

1997wasthesinglewannestyearonrecord—until1998

shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords.Record-high

temperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthe

summerof1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld'swater

parksbecauseofthethreatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.

TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblameunusualweatherfor

thousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsindamage.

Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfromhuman

activitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmospheric

concentrationofthegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswill

enhancethegreenhouseeffect,resultinginwarmingofthe

earth'ssurface.In1990,scientistspredictedthat,if

greenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreased,wemight

experienceaICto3Criseinglobaltemperatures.They

suggestedthatwewouldhavetocutinhalfouruseofcoal,

oil,andgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughtomaintain

concentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels.

Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthat

coverstheNorthernHemisphere,asimultaneousdecreasein

Arcticseaice,continuedmeltingofalpineglaciers,andarise

insealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreportedforthefirsttime

inAntarctica,andanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamilewide

hasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.

Meanwhile,studieshaveshownthatthecarbondioxide

concentrationinouratmospherehasbeensteadilyincreasing

since1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossilfuels

hasbeenreduced,concentrationhasrisenconsistently.

In1995,thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledto

aboutthesizeofEurope.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistory,

theholestretchedoverpopulatedareas,exposingresidentsin

southernChileandArgentinatoveryhighlevelsofultraviolet

(UV)radiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreaseinozone

inthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiation

reachingtheground,posingmoreriskstohumans.

Incomparisonwithtraditionalhomestheadvantagesofmodem

self-sufficienthomesare.

A.basedonshort-termbenefits

B.basedonthelong-termsustainability

C.freefromsevereweather,climatechanges,natural

disasters,etc.

D.freshandnutritious,freefromglobalunrest

7、

Whichofthefollowingsufferedthegreatesteconomiclossin

the10hottestyears?

A.TheMidwestern.

B.ThesouthernUnitedStates.

C.WaltDisneyWorld'swaterparks.

D.InsuranceCompanies.

8、

Accordingtoscientists,tokeepdownconcentrationsof

greenhousegases,weshould.

A.stopgasemissions

B.lowerthetemperature

C.reducetheuseofcoal,oil,andgas

D.cutofftheuseofcoal,oil,andgas

9、

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A.concentrationsofgreenhousewillbecomeworse

B.Concentrationsofgreenhousewillbecomebetter

C.generallythereisnoraininAntarctica

D.theNorthPoleisnolongercoveredwithice

10、

ItisimpliedthattheozoneholeoverAntarcticais.

A.athreattotheEuropeanpeople

B.arisktohumanhealth

C.ahazardtosouthernChileandArgentina

D.thesourceofUVradiation

11、Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecomingan

obsession,especiallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.

Healthiereating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthe

numberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinueto

increaseataneverquickeningpace.

Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldof

foodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobe,both

virtuallyandinreality,willbeabletosweepupingredients,

packagedfoods,recipes,andcookingtechniquesfromevery

comeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandaccelerating

pace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesare

creatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplanted

andreinterpretedallovertheworld.

Manyfactorsarebehindthis,butnonemoresothanthe

influenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.Virtually

everychefwhohasworkedforHilton,Westin,Peninsula,orany

othermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesas

diverseasSingapore,NewOrleans,Toronto,andDubai.Ateach

stop,theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycanand

douseelsewhere.

Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoung

adultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalization,

treatingbroaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirown

advancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodand

ingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasone

aspectofsocialization,enculturation,culturalexchange,and

success.Incountryaftercountry,thereseemslittledoubt

thatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongthe

youngerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewill

treatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey

elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplans,businessacumen,

andindividualgrowth.

TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.

Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefood

industry,includingconsumers,tolinkdirectlywiththebest

availableauthoritiesinfarawaynations,supplementingor

bypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.

Time,withallitsimplications,willalsobeafactorin

emergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestined

tooperateonglobaltime-thatis,atfulltilt24hoursaday.

Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresources

scatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24-hoursupermarkets

manyofusalreadytakeforgranted,therewillalsobe

three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsin

thegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatingan

internationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsor

break-of-dawndinners(withtheappropriatewines)without

raisingasingleeyebrow.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearnthatthetrendof

foodobsessionis.

A.adventurous

B.moreandmorepopularintheworld

C.aglobalphenomenon

D.sweepingupeverycorneroftheearth

12、

Accordingtothetextthetrendofnewculinarymosaicismost

acceleratedby.

A.globalization

B.remoteingredientsandcookingstyles

C.greatinternationalhotelchains

D.chefsofvariousnationalities

13、

Judgingfromcontext,thephrase"globalcuisine”(Para.4)

probablymean.

A.aworldofyoungpeople

B.aworldstyle,ofcooking

C.aspecificfoodpopularintheworld

D.worldfoodsingeneral

14、

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

A.computernetworkingwillbehelpfulinthefoodindustry

B.24-hoursupermarketsarenotverycommon

C.fewshoppingcentersarethree-shiftopenatanyhour

D.24-hourrestaurantsarenotinpracticeinthegreat

businesscapitals

15、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.

A.EatingBetterandMoreAdventurously

B.AFoodGlobalization

C.TheTrendofDining

D.TheTrendofaKitchenRevolution

16、Thetelecityisacitywhoselife,direction,and

functioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe

twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonan

economythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.

Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefinea

city'sarchitecture,shape,andcharacter.Proximityinthe

telecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks

asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.Inthe,ageofthe

telecity,NewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthan,say,New

YorkandArkadelphia,Arkansas.

Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasons,

includingthedrivetowardcleanair,reducingpollution,

energyconservation,morejobsbasedonservices,andcoping

withthehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneed

tocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.

Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeofthe

terroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand

attacksinIndonesia,SaudiArabia,andelsewhere.Butthe

risksposedbytwentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationand

architecturehaveyettoregisterfullywithpoliticalfigures

andleadersofindustry.ThePentagon,forexample,hasbeen

rebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiple

locationsandconnectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadband

wirelesssystems.Likewise,thereconstructionoftheWorld

TradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassiveconcentration

ofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkably

shortsightedanddangerousvisionofthefuture.

Thesecurityrisks,economicexpenses,andenvironmental

hazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhere,andtheydonot

stopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.There

arerisksalsoatseaportsandairports,infoodandwater

supplies,atnuclearpowerplantsandhydroelectricturbines

atmajordams,intransportationsystems,andininformation

andcommunicationssystems.

Thisvulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbut

alsotohumanerror,suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorth

AmericainAugust2022andinItalyinSeptember2022,and

naturaldisasterssuchastyphoons,hurricanes,floods,and

earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecoming

awarethatovercentralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerable

toattackorcatastrophicdestruction.

Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadbandelectronic

systemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguard

theirkeyassetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofar,

corporationshavebeenquickesttoadjusttothesenew

realities,andsomegovernmentshavebeguntoadjustaswell.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.ThetelecityisaTVmanufacturingcity.

B.Thetelecityisacityofthespeedandbandwidthof

networks.

C.SingaporeisclosertoNewYorkthanArkadelphia,Arkansas

isintelecityage.

D.SingaporeisactuallyclosertoNewYorkthanArkadelphia,

Arkansasis.

17、

Theadvantageoftelecitiesovermegacitiesmayincludeall

thefollowingEXCEPT.

A.reducingpollution

B.conservingenergy

C.highcostofurbanproperty

D.helpingtodealwithterrorist

18、

Whatistheauthor;sattitudetowardsthereconstructionof

ThePentagonandtheWorldTradeCenter?

A.Supporting.

B.Critical.

C.Neutral.

D.Hostile.

19、

Judgingfromthecontext,theword"they”(Line2,Para.4)

refersto.

A.thesecurityrisks

B.theterroristattacks

C.environmentalhazardsofover-centralization

D.thesecurityrisks,economicexpenses,andenvironmental

hazards

20、

Accordingtotheauthor,themostactiveadvocatesof

telecitiesare.

A.leadersandplanners

B.urbanarchitects

C.somecorporations

D.governmentadministrators

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Concernedcitizensandscientistshavebeguntotakeaction.

Awiderangeofsolutionsisbeingproposedtostopthe

destructionofbiodiversityattheregionalaswellasthe

globallevel.Since1985,theefforthasbecomemoreprecisely

charted,economicallyefficient,andpoliticallysensitive.

B.Thenewbiodiversitystudieswillleadlogicallytoan

electronicencyclopediaoflifedesignedtoorganizeandmake

immediatelyavailableeverythingknownabouteachofthe

millionsofspecies.Theindustrializedcountrieswillleadfor

atime.However,thebulkoftheworkmusteventuallybedone

inthedevelopingcountries.Thelattercontainsmostofthe

worldspecies,andtheyaredestinedtobenefitsoonestfrom

theresearch.Thetechnologyneededisrelativelyinexpensive,

anditstransfercanbeaccomplishedquickly.Thediscoveries

generatedcanbeapplieddirectlytomeettheconcernsof

greatestimportancetothegeographicregioninwhichthe

researchisconducted,beingequallyrelevanttoagriculture,

medicine,andeconomicgrowth.

C.Inthemidstofthisrichnessoflifeforms,however,the

rateofspeciesextinctionisrising,chieflythroughhabitat

destruction.Mostseriousofallistheconversionoftropical

rainforests,wheremostspeciesofanimalsandplantslive.The

ratehasbeenestimated,bytwoindependentmethods,tofall

between100and10,000timesthepre-humanbackgroundrate,

with1,000timesbeingthemostwidelyacceptedfigure.The

priceultimatelytobepaidforthiscataclysmisbeyondmeasure

inforegonescientificknowledge;newpharmaceuticalandother

products;ecosystemsservicessuchaswaterpurificationand

soi1renewal;and,notleast,aestheticandspiritualbenefits.

D.Sincethecurrenthierarchical,binomialclassificationwas

introducedbyCarolusLinnaeus250yearsago,10percent,at

aguess,ofthespeciesoforganismshavebeendescribed.It

isbelievedthatmostandperhapsnearlyalloftheremaining

90percentcanbediscovered,diagnosed,andnamedinaslittle

asabout25years.Thatpotentialistheresultoftwo

developmentsneededtoacceleratebiodiversitystudies.

E.Theincreasingattentiongiventothebiodiversitycrisis

highlightstheinadequacyofbiodiversityresearchitself.

Earthremainsinthisrespectarelativelyunexploredplanet.

Thetotalnumberofdescribedandformallynamedspeciesof

organismshasgrown,butnotbymuch,andtodayisgenerally

believedtoliesomewherebetween1.5millionand1.8million

Thefullnumber,includingspeciesyettobediscovered,has

beenestimatedinvariousaccountsthatdifferaccordingto

assumptionsandmethodsfromanimprobablylow3.5millionto

animprobablyhigh100million.Byfarthegreatestfraction

oftheunknownspecieswillbeinsectsandmicroorganisms.

F.Thepastdecadehaswitnessedtheemergenceofamuchclearer

pictureofthemagnitudeofthebiodiversityproblem.Put

0----------£

,23

simply,thebiospherehasprovedtobemorediversethanwas

earliersupposed,especiallyinthecaseofsmall

microorganisms.Anentiredomainoflife,theArchaea,hasbeen

distinguishedfromthebacteria,andahuge,stillmostly

unknownandenergeticallyindependentenvironmenthasbeen

foundtoextendthreekilometersormorebelowthesurfaceof

Earth.

G.Thefirstisinformationtechnology,withwhich

high-resolutiondigitizedimagesofspecimenscannowbe

obtained.Moreover,typespecimens,scatteredinmuseums

aroundtheworldcannowbephotographedandmadeinstantly

availableeverywhereas"types“ontheInternet.Thesecond

revolutionabouttocatapultbiodiversitystudiesforwardis

genomics,whichwillsoonenablescie

22、（42）

23、（43）

24、（44）

25、（45）

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.（10points）

About150yearsago,avillagechurchvicarinYorkshire,

England,hadthreelovely,intelligentdaughtersbuthishopes

hingedentirelyonthesolemaleheir,Branwell,ayouthwith

remarkabletalentinbothartandliterature.

(46