2023年考研外语押题模拟卷7

考研外语押题模拟卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Withthedepletionofthecodfisheryandsomanyother

coastalfishstocksworldwide,thefishingindustryhasturned

tothehighseastoexploittheirresources.Fishingoperations

arenow(1)theseamounts,oceanicridgesandplateausof

thedeepocean(2)nationaljurisdiction,whereownership

andresponsibilitydonot(3)toanynation.

(4)adecadeormore,wehavecausedsignificantdamage

to(5)unknownecosystems,depletedspeciesandprobably

doomedmanyothersto(6).Everyday,commercialfishing

fleets(7)primarilyfromjust11nationsventure(8)

thehighseastofishthedeepocean.What'sleftistrulya

lonely,infertile,underseadesert.

Thehighseasareveryspecial.Itisherewhereyoucanfind

(9)groupingsofanimalsthat(10)theirenergyfrom

sources(11)thesunaroundvolcanoesonthedeepseafloor.

Itisonlyherewhereyoucanfindareasstillfreefrom

introducedspecies,(12)intheseasaroundAntarctica.

Anditisherewhereyoucanfind(13)organismsthatare

morethan8,000yearsold,likemanyofthemassivedeep-sea

corms.

Butwhatreallysetsthehighseas(14)fromallother

areasweknowisthe(15)lackofprotectionforanyof

thisnaturalheritage.

AUnitedNationsmeetingrecentlyfinallypaygreatattention

tothehighseasandputthemonthe(16).Government

officialsfromaroundtheworldgatheredtogetherwith

scientists,representativesfromthefishing(17),

conservationgroupsandotherstake-holderstodiscuss

conservationand(18)useofmarinebiologicaldiversity

inthehighseas,(19)_____64percentoftheEarth'ssurface.

Theyneedtomovequickly.(20)thefragilityofthese

environments,wesimplydohothavetheluxuryoftime,butwe

canactbeforeitistoolate.

A.pointing

B.intending

C.targeting

D.aiming

2、(2)

A.with

B.under

C.about

D.beyond

3、⑶

A.belong

B.submit

C.yield

D.commit

4、(4)

A.Onabasisof

B.Withregardto

C.Inthecourseof

D.Forfearof

5、(5)

A.sharply

B.largely

C.ultimately

D.eventually

6、(6)

A.extinction

B.exhaustion

C.destruction

D.damage

3

7、(7)

A.disposed

B.dispatched

C.transmitted

D.departed

8、(8)

A.across

B.underneath

C.onto

D.into

9、⑼

A.heavy

B.massive

C.thick

D.dense

10、(10)

A.originate

B.deduce

C.infer

D.derive

11、(H)

A.soonerthan

4

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.betterthan

12、(12)

A.like

B.such

C.as

D.so

13、(13)

A.living

B.alive

C.lively

D.vital

14、(14)

A.aside

B.far

C.apart

D.away

15、(15)

A.overwhelming

B.unmatchable

C.intolerable

5

D.unforeseen

16、(16)

A.program

B.schedule

C.agenda

D.procedure

17、(17)

A.part

B.sector

C.branch

D.section

18、(18)

A.durable

B.sustaining

C.sustainable

D.sustained

19、(19)

A.covering

B.ranging

C.mounting

D.taking

20、(20)

to

6

A.Providing

B.Despite

C.Given

D.For

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

AmongtheclassofnewCEOsatstrugglingEuropeantechnology

giants,nonewillbemoreintriguingtowatchin2022than

DeutscheTelekom'sKai-UweRieke.Hesharesalmostnothingwith

hisflashyandargumentativepredecessorfromSony,RonSommer,

whohadalwaysremainedsomethingofanoutsiderinthe

notoriouslypoliticalcompany.ThesonofaformerTelekom

chief,Riekeisaborninsider.

Heinheritshugeproblems,includingahugedebtloadfromyears

ofsplurging,aslow-growthbusinessandahierarchicalcompany

culturedatingfromwhenTelekomwasanarmofthepostoffice,

amonolithwithmorestaffthantheGermanArmy.Forall

Sommer'stalkabouttheNewEconomy,hebuiltontheold

tradition,controllingthecompanythroughateamoffeared

lieutenants.SommerhiredRiekeawayfromacompetitorin1998

torunthefast-growingconglomerate，smobile-phonebusiness.

Hesooncametoseehimasapotentialsuccessorandpromoted

himtochiefoperatingofficerin2022.

RiekeisemblematicofthenextgenerationofEuropeantech

leaders.Thechallengetheyfaceistofixmistakesmadeduring

theboomyearswithoutdiscardingtheenthusiasmandvision

thataccompaniedthem.SincetakingoverinNovember,Riekehas

gottenridofSommer,sgangandputtheheadsofthecompany's

fourmainbusinessdivisionsonTelekom，smanagementboard.By

looseningthegripoftheCEO'sofficeonacompanywith256,000

employees,hehopestosetthestageforaculturalrevolution

atTelekom."Iwantanewleadershipstyle,“hetoldhistop

executivesonDec.12,duringa10-hoursit-downinthe

“fishbowl”,around,glass-linedmeetingroomattheBonn

headquarters."Iwanttoencourageopenandcontroversial

discussion,butthenIexpectswiftandspeedydecisions.，z

Riekedoesn'thavealotoftime.Telekomreportedalossof

C20.6billioninthethirdquarter,thelargesteverfora

Germancompany.Itsstockpricehasfallen90percentfromits

peakinMarch2000.Other,moreexperiencedexecutivesturned

downofferstotakethejob,oftenbecauseofpoliticalmeddling

inthecompany,ofwhichtheGermangovernmentstillownsabout

43percent.SomedisillusionedinvestorsseeRiekeaspartof

theproblem."Hesharesresponsibilityforthemistakesofthe

past,soIhave1ittlehopethatmuchwillchange,“saysFrank

Heise,afundmanageratUnionInvestmentinFrankfurt.

Riekeattractsgreatattentionbecause

A.heisthesuccessorofRonSommer.

B.heisdifferentfromhispredecessor.

C.heisthenewCEOofDeutscheTelekom.

D.heisasonofaformerchief.

2、

Accordingtothepassage,Sommer

A.inheritedhugeproblems.

B.splurgedthecompanyasset.

C.triedoutsuccessfulreforms.

D.regardedRiekehighlyandhelpedhim.

3、

ThepurposeoflooseningthegripoftheCEOofficeisto

A.createanewleadershipstyle.

B.encourageopenandcontroversialdiscussion.

C.bringaboutaculturalrevolutionatTelekom.

D.makeswiftandspeedydecisions.

4、

Whydoestheauthorsay"Riekedoesn，thavealotoftime”?

A.Rieke'spositionwillbetakenoversoon.

B.Telekomisfacingseriousproblems.

C.Noexecutiveswould1iketoworkforhim.

D.Investorsdoubtabouthisability.

5、

Intheauthor'sopinion,thefutureofTelekomcompany

probablyis

A.verypromising.

B.definitelydoomed.

C.allinRieke'shand.

D.hardtopredict.

6、Foralongtime,researchershavetriedtonaildownjust

whatshapesus—orwhat,atleast,shapesusmost.Andoverthe

years,they,vehadalotoffindingmoments.Firstitwasour

parents,particularlyourmothers.Thenitwasourgenes.Next

itwasourpeers,whoshowuplastbutholdgreatsway.Andall

thoseideasweregoodones一butonlyasfarastheywent.

Thefactisonceinvestigatorshadexposedallthedatafrom

thosetheories,theystillcameawaywithasmanyquestionsas

answers.Somewhere,therewasasortoftemperamentaldark

matterexertinganinvisiblegravitationalpullofitsown.

Moreandmore,scientistsareconcludingthatthisunexplained

forceisoursiblings.

Fromthetimetheyareborn,ourbrothersandsistersareour

collaboratorsandcoconspirators,ourrolemodelsand

cautionarytales.Theyareourscolds,protectors,goads,

tormentors,playmates,counselors,sourcesofenvy,objectsof

pride.Theyteachushowtoresolveconflictsandhownotto;

howtoconductfriendshipsandwhentowalkawayfromthem.

Sistersteachbrothersaboutthemysteriesofgirls;brothers

teachsistersaboutthepuzzleofboys.Ourspousesarrive

comparativelylateinourlives;ourparentseventuallyleave

us.Oursiblingsmaybetheonlypeoplewe'11everknowwhotruly

qualifyaspartnersforlife."Siblings,“saysfamily

sociologistKatherineConger,“arewithusforthewhole

journey.”

Withinthescientificcommunity,siblingshavenotbeenwholly

ignored,butresearchhasbeenlimitedmostlytodiscussions

ofbirthorder.Oldersibsweresaidtobestrivers;younger

onesrebels;middlekidsthelostsouls.Thestereotypeswere

broad,ifnotentirelyuntrue,andtherethediscussionmostly

ended.

Butallthat'schanging.AtresearchcentersintheU.S.,Canada,

Europeandelsewhere,investigatorsarelaunchingawealthof

newstudiesintothesiblingdynamic,lookingatwaysbrothers

andsisterssteeroneanotherinto一orawayfrom一risky

behavior;howtheyform,aprotectivebufferagainstfamily

upheaval;howtheyeducateoneanotherabouttheoppositesex;

howallsiblingscompeteforfamilyrecognitionandcometo

termsoversuchimpossiblychargedissuesasparental

favoritism.

Fromthatresearch,scientistsaregainingintriguinginsights

intothepeoplewebecomeasadults.Doesthemanagerwhoruns

acongenialofficecallonthepeacemakingskillslearnedin

thefamilyplayroom?Dohusbandsandwivesbenefitfromthe

inter-gendernegotiationstheywagedwhentheirmostimportant

partnersweretheirsistersandbrothers?Allthatisunder

investigation."Siblingshavejustbeenofftheradarscreen

untilnow,“saysConger.Buttodayseriousworkisrevealing

exactlyhowourbrothersandsistersinfluenceus.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofparagraph1?

A.Previousfindingsrevealedwhatshapesus.

B.Previousfindingswereaccurateandtrustworthy.

C.Previousfindingscontributedinalimitedway.

D.Previousfindingswenttoofarinexplanation.

7、

Thewordz，siblings'"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

A.parents.

B.genes.

C.peers.

D.brothersandsisters.

8、

KatherineCongermentions"Siblingsarewithusforthewhole

journey"toshow

A.theycanprovideimportantsuggestionsforus.

B.theycanaccompanyusthroughoutourlife.

C.theymayofferusgreathelp.

D.theyplanourjourneyforus.

9、

Studiesonsiblingsbyscientistsusedto

A.betotallyforgotten.

B.focusonlyonthesonsnotdaughters.

C.mainlyfocusontheordersofthekids.

D.focusonthesiblingdynamic.

10、

Fromthelastparagraphwecanconcludethat

A.siblingsarenotintherangeofscientificresearch.

B.peoplelearnedmanagementskillsfromfamilyplayroom.

C.spouseslearnednegotiationskillsfromtheirsistersand

brothers.

D.studiesonsiblingsareontheirway.

11、Inthe90's,peoplewentcrazyaboutwireless.Electronic

communicationsoncethoughtboundpermanentlytotheworldof

cablesandhard-wiredconnectionssuddenlyweresprungfree,

andthepossibilitiesseemedendless.Entrenchedmonopolies

wouldfall,andanewuncablederawouldusherinalevelof

intimatecontactthatwouldnotonlytransform,businessbut

changehumanbehavior.Suchwastheviewbytheendofthat

groundbreakingdecade一the1890s.

Tobesure,thewildpublicityofthosedayswasn'tallhotair.

Marconi's"magicbox"anditscontemporaneousinventions

kickedoffaneraofprofoundchanges,nottheleastofwhich

wastheadventofbroadcasting.Soitdoesseemstrangethat

acenturylater,thedebateoncemoreisabouthowwirelesswill

changeeverything.Andonceagain,thenoisyconfusionis

justified.Changesareonthewaythatarearguablyasearth

shatteringastheworld'sfirstwirelesstransformation.

Certainlyahugepartofthisrevolutioncomesfromintroducing

themostpowerfulcommunicationtoolsofourtime.Betweenour

mobilephones,ourBlackBerriesandTreos,andourWi-Fi

(WirelessFidelity)computers,we'realwaysonandalways

connected一andsoonourcarsandourapplianceswillbe,too.

Whiletherehasbeenconsiderableplanningforhowpeoplewill

usethesetoolsandhowthey'11payforthem,thewonderful

realityisthat,aswiththeInternet,muchoftheactionin

thewirelessworldwillultimatelyemergefromtheimaginative

twistsandturnsthatarepossiblewhendigitaltechnology

trumpstheanalogmindsetoftelecomcompaniesandgovernment

regulators.

Wi-Fiisitselfashiningexampleofhowwirelessinnovation

canshedthetethersofconventionalwisdom.Atonepoint,it

wasassumedthatwhenpeoplewantedtousewirelessdevicesfor

thingsotherthanconversation,they'dhavetorelyonthe

painstakinglydrawn,investment-heavystandardsadoptedbythe

giantcorporationsthatearnalotthroughyourmonthlyphone

bill.Butthensomeresearcherscameupwithanew

communicationsstandardexploitinganunlicensedpartofthe

spectrum.Itwascalled802.11,andonlylatersexedupwith

thenameWi-Fi.

Thoughtherangeofsignalwasonlysomedozensofmeters,Wi-Fi

turnedouttobeagreatwaytowirelesslyextendanInternet

connectioninthehomeoroffice.Anewclassofactivistwas

born:thebandwidthliberator,withagoalofextendingfree

wirelessInternettoanyoneventuringwithintherangeofafree

hotspot.Meanwhile,AppleComputerseizedontheideaasa

consumersolution,othersfollowedandnowWi-Fiisascommon

asthemodemoncewas.

Wirelesstechnologyisintroducedas

A.animportantfruitindailylife.

B.asupplementtocablecommunications.

C.theopeningofanewuncabledera.

D.anewtypeofmonopoly.

12、

Theassumptionofthefutureisnotallhotairbecause

A.Marconimadeaprofoundchangeinthepast.

B.thewirelesstechnologywillchangeeverything.

C.thepossibilityofwirelesstechnologyisjustified.

D.thewirelesstechnologyisalreadysophisticated.

13、

BymentioningInternet,theauthormeansthat

A.wearealwaysonlineandalwaysconnected.

B.thewirelesstechnologywillbepopularizedastheInternet.

C.theInternetwillbewirelesssoon.

D.thewirelesstechnologywillbecomeamonopoly.

14、

Accordingtothepassage,theWi-Fistandard

A.isbasedontheconventionalwisdom.

B.adoptedanuniicensedpartofthespectrum.

C.reliesonthestandardsbythegiantcorporations.

D.iscreatedsolelybysomegeeks.

15、

Fromtheauthor'spointofview,theWi-Fitechnology

A.willbereplacedsoon.

B.willbecontrolledbygiantcorporationslikeApple.

C.willextendtoeveryhomeandoffice.

D.willbecomeanecessityasamodem.

16、EuropeansandAmericansalikehavecertainromantic

notionsaboutSweden.Weimagineitasalandofliberal-minded

peoplelivinginabastionofequality一which,inmanyways,

itis.Swedenhasthesecondhighestnumberoffemale

parliamentarians'intheworld.Halfitsgovernmentministers

arewomen.Itswagegapisnarrow,andfemalesarewell

representedinthelaborforce.BoththeUnitedNationsandthe

WorldEconomicForumhaveratedittopsintheworldfor

equality.

Butnoparadiseiswithoutitsparadoxes.InSweden,thebiggest

oneisthis:whilethegovernmenthasdonemuchtoimprovethe

livesofwomen,ithasalsocreatedaglassceilingforthem

thatisthickerthanthatinmanyotherEuropeancountries,as

wellasintheUnitedStates.Whilestatefundedchildcareand

extremelylongandcushymaternitybenefitsmakeiteasytobe

aworkingmotherinSweden,suchbenefitsalsohavetheeffect

ofdampeningfemaleemploymentinthemostlucrativeand

powerfuljobs.InSweden,morethan50percentofwomenwhowork

dosointhepublicsector一mostasteachers,nurses,civil

servants,homehealthaidesorchildminders,accordingtothe

OECD.Comparethistoabout30percentintheU.K.and19.5

percentinAmerica."Private-sectoremployersarelesswilling

todealwiththedisruptioncausedbyverylongmaternity

leaves,“saysManuelaTomei,alaborsociologistwiththe

InternationalLaborOrganizationinGeneva."Gender

discriminationinSwedenmaybemoresubtle,butitisverymuch

there.”

Thelinkbetweenfamily-friendlypoliciesandfemale

employmentareahottopicalloverthedevelopedworld,as

birthratesfallandashortageofskilledlaborlooms.

EuropeanshavelookedtotheNordiccountriesasa

model—longermaternityleavesandstate-fundedchildcare

mustmakeiteasierforwomentohavecareers,orsothe

conventionalwisdomgoes.Andindeedthesystemdoesmakeit

easierforwomentoholdlower-to-midleveljobsandhave

children.ButasLondonSchoolofEconomicsfellowCatherine

Hakimnotes,policiesthatraisethebirthrate"don't

necessarilytranslateintocompletegenderequality,

particularlyintheprivatesector”.

Swedishwomenareunlikelytoholdimportantmanagerial

positions.AstudybyformerILOeconomistRichardAnkerusing

datafrom2000foundthatwhilewomenintheUnitedStatesheld

45.3percentofmanagerialpositions,theirSwedish

counter-partsheldonly29.2percent(Britonsheld33percent,

Germans27percentandDanes23percent).And,whiletheaverage

wagegapbetweenthegendersinSwedenisnarrow(about15

percent),itcanexceed40percentinhigh-endjobs.Andwhile

thegapisclosinginothercountries,ithasheldsteadyin

Swedenformostofthelastdecade.

BycitingexamplesofwomenemploymentinSweden,theauthor

intendstoshowthat

A.Swedenisalandofequality.

B.Swedenrankstopinequality.

C.EuropeansandAmericanshaveproblemsinsexism.

D.Swedenhasthelargestnumberofwomenparliamentarians.

17、

Bysaying"noparadiseiswithoutitsparadoxes”(Line1.

Paragraph2),theauthormeans

A.Swedendoesnotdeservethenameofparadise.

B.Swedenisitselfaparadox.

C.Swedenalsohasproblemsinsexism.

D.Swedenisaparadiseforwomen.

18、

Thestate-fundedchildcareandmaternitypoliciesinSweden

A.createdaglassceilingforwomen.

B.havebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesforwomen.

C.helpedwomentostayinpowerfuljobs.

D.causedgreatdisruptioninprivatecompany.

19、

DevelopedcountriestendtoadoptSweden-1ikepoliciesin

orderto

A.improvetheirgenderequality.

B.providebetterconditionsforworkingmother.

C.increasethebirthrate.

D.helpwomentoholdbetterjobs.

20、

Theauthorwillprobablyagreewiththestatementthat

A.Swedishwomenalsosufferfromsexism.

B.Americaisbetterintreatingworkingmother.

C.Swedenistheidealplaceforaworkingwoman.

D.wagegapinSwedenisquiteserious.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

It'shardtogetmorewhite-fencedthanNaperville.Inthe

westernChicagosuburb,crimeisanannoyance,notaproblem.

Thestreetsarecleanandtheschoolsaresomeofthemost

impressiveinthestate,producingsomeofthebrightest

studentswhoattendthenation'sbestcolleges.(41).

Therankingswillbephasedoutoverthenextyear,with2022's

upperclassmendecidingwhethertoincludesucharankintheir

officialtranscripts.Bynolongerrankingstudents,the

NapervilleSchoolDistrict203issquarelyinlinewithatrend

thatisfastsweepingthenation,asmoreandmoreprivateand

publicschoolsaredroppingthepractice.Tilegoal,proponents

say,istocutdownonthehyper-competitionandlessenthe

stressatsuchacriticallearningpointandmaturationcurve

inkids，lives.

"It'sahighbarweset,anditshouldbe,“saidNaperville

SuperintendentAlanLeis."Butthereneedstobemorethan

wrestlingoverwho'sbetterthanwho."(42).

Some80%ormorepublicschoolsstillreportrankingsto

inquiringuniversitiesandcolleges,butagrowingnumberof

highschoolsintheChicagoareaandaroundthecountry一in

mostlyaffluentdistrictsfromCaliforniatoMiamitoNew

Jersey—havealreadyadoptedthepractice.(43).Evenin

Naperville,avaledictorianisstillexpectedtoaddressthe

class,butthathonorisnotchosenuntilthelastweeksofa

schoolyearandisnotforwardedontoschoolsinofficial

transcripts.

(44).AccordingtoDr.ScottHunter,aclinical

psychologistandschoolconsultantattheUniversityofChicago

Hospitalswhospecializesinpediatricneuropsychology."The

realityisthatwehavemadeinthelast10yearsmoreofrank

thanitdeservesbecausesomekidsdon'treallyshineuntilthey

enterintoadulthood,andtheyriskbeingignoredbythevery

placesandpeoplewheretheycouldgreatlysucceed,z/adds

Hunter,“Thisisanartificialnumberintermsofwhereaperson

reallyfalls.”

(45).

“Itmakesitalittlemoreopaqueforusontheadmissionsside,

butwefullyunderstandit,“saidJimMiller,directorof

admissionsatBrownUniversity."It'sconceivableastudent

couldgetaBingymandgetknockeddown40placesinrank.

Sowe'regettingmoreusedtoit,andprobablyhalfour

applicantsnowcomefromschoolsthatdon'thaverank.”

A.Classrankings,atraditionatmanyschools,havelonghelped

universitiesandcolleges—especiallytheHarvardsand

Princetonsoftheworld—weedouttheweakstudentsfromthe

strong,theoneswithnotonlypromisebuttheambitiontoexcel

andmeetthedifficultiesofhighereducation.

B.Butit'sviciousatthetop一somuchsothatNaperville's

schoolofficialsrecentlyvotedtostopusingaclassranking

system.

C.Amuchhighernumberofprivateschoolsdonotsharetheir

rankings,includingsomeindependentschoolsinChicagothat,

forexample,havesocietiesthatrecognizethetop10%ofa

classbutchoosetoallowthestudentsthemselvesdictatewho

speaksatgraduation.

D.Competitionsamongstudentsforthetitleofhonored

graduatesareverytightandareontheriseinagreatnumber

ofprivateschools.

E.Schoolsjusthavetomakecertain,throughstudentprofiles

andothermeans,thestrengthofascheduleandstudent

performancerelativetootherstudents.

F.Notsurprisingly,thereisstilllotsofdisagreementabout

thenewpolicy;someparentsareworriedthatit