英美文学简史及名篇选读 英国文学 课件 05 Lecture on Romantic Literature、06 Lecture on English Literature in the Victoran Age

EnglishLiteratureinRomanticPeriodChapterVLectureVIIEnglishLiteratureinthe

RomanticPeriod(1798-1832)(1)I.HistoricalBackgroundII.EnglishLiteratureinthisPeriod1.Romanticism2.Importantpoets3.Importantnovelists1)WilliamWordsworth

(1770-1850)

威廉·华兹华斯

LyricalBallads

(1798)《抒情歌谣集》

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

2)GeorgeGordonByron

(1788-1824)

乔治·戈登·拜伦

ChildeHarold‘sPilgrimage

《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》

DonJuan

《唐·璜》(TheIslesofGreece)3)PercyByssheShelley

(1792-1822)

波西·比·雪莱

OdetotheWestWind

4)JohnKeats

(约翰·济慈,1795-1821)

OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》OdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》5)

JaneAusten

(1775-1817)简·奥斯丁

PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏》—1813SenseandSensibility《理智与情》—18116.SirWalterScott

(1771-1832)

沃尔特·司各特poetandnovelist

Ivanhoe

(1820)《艾凡赫》

I.HistoricalBackground

I.1RomanticisminEnglandI.1.1LiteraryCharacteristicsoftheAge1)TheRomanticAge

--TheRomanticAgebeganin1798whenWordsworthandColeridgepublishedtheirjointworkTheLyricalBalladsandcametoanendin1832whenthelastRomanticwriterWalterScottdied.2)Anageofpoetry--TheRomanticPeriodwasoneofpoeticalrevival.ThegloryoftheRomanticAgeliesinthepoetryofWordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley,andKeats.WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsbelongtoPre-Romanticism.ItisthesecondgreatageinEnglishliteraryhistory;forpoetryisthehighestformofliteraryexpressionandpoetryseemstohavebeenmostinharmonywiththenoblestpowersoftheEnglishgenius.3)Womennovelists--JaneAusten:charmingdescriptionsofeverydaylife.Hermainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationships.--Theirworksraisedwomantothehighplaceinliterature.4)Thegreatesthistoricalnovelist:WalterScottBackground:literatureandsociety--Literatureisrelatedtothedevelopmentofthesocietyandeconomics.Literaturereflectsthementalattitudesofatimeandanation,whichisstronglyinfluencedbyothersocialideologiesandclassstruggles,especiallybydecisivepolitics.--TheEnglishRomanticismwasinfluencedbytheIndustrialRevolutionandtheFrenchRevolution.Background:literatureandsociety--ThewatchwordsoftheRevolution:liberty,equalityandfraternitybecametheBritishnationalspirit.--ManyBritishwritersgottheirinspirationsfromtherevolutionandwrotebeautifulpoemsorprose.--Wordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheyformso-calledLakePoetsbecausetheylivedintheLakeDistrictmostoftheirlivesandwroteaboutthatareaanditspeopleintheirpoems.WhatisRomanticism?--Romanticismisaliterarytrend.ItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiodof1798-1832,beginningwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sjointworkLyricalBalladsin1798,endingwithWalterScott'sdeathin1832.TheEnglishRomanticismwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheIndustrialRevolutionandtheFrenchRevolution.Generallyspeaking,theromanticistsexpressedtheideologyandsentimentofthoseclassesandsocialstrata

whowerediscontentedwith,andopposedto,thedevelopmentofcapitalism.ThegreatromanticpoetsareWordsworth,Coleridge,Southey,Byron,ShelleyandKeats.

WilliamWordsworth

(1770-1850)威廉·华兹华斯

I.WilliamWordsworth

(1770-1850)威廉·华兹华斯1.1HislifeWilliamWordsworthwasbornandgrewupintheLakeDistrictWordsworthattendedSt.JohnCollegeofCambridgeUniversityin1787.In1790,hewentonawalkingtourofFranceIn1791,aftercompletinghisdegreeatCambridge,hereturnedtoFrance.HefellinlovewithaFrenchwoman,AnnetteVallon,whoin1792gavebirthtotheirchild,Caroline.In1792,hereturnedfromFrance.In1795,hereceivedalegacyof£900fromaclosefriend,RaisleyCalvert,sothathecouldpursuewritingpoetry.In1797hemetSamuelTaylorColeridge.In1798heandColeridgepublishedtheirjointLyricalBallads.In1798and1799,Wordsworthandhissister,Dorothy,andColeridgemadeatriptoGermany.ThentheysettledatDoveCottageinGrasmereintheLakeDistrict,andthistimewithfellowpoetRobertSoutheynearby.Wordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheycametobeknownasthe“LakePoets"In1802,WordsworthmarriedMaryHutchinson,achildhoodfriend.In1813,heobtainedannualincomeandmovedtoRydalMount.In1842,hereceivedagovernmentpensionandinthefollowingyearhebecamePoetLaureateafterSouthey.BirthPlaceofWordsworthApoetlaureate

(plural:poetslaureate)isapoetofficiallyappointedbyagovernmentorconferringinstitution,whoisoftenexpectedtocomposepoemsforspecialeventsandoccasions.GrasmereLakeDistrictDoveCottage-In1850,hediedatRydalMountWordsworthandhisrelativeswereburiedintheGrasmerechurchyard.StOswald’sChurch→inGrasmere1.2Hismainworks

AnEveningWalk《黄昏漫步》,1793

LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》1798

LucyPoems《露茜组歌》1799

OdeonIntimationsofImmortality《不朽颂》1807OdetoDuty《义务颂》TheExcursion《远足》1814

ThePrelude《序曲》1805-18501.3LiteraryPositionofWordsworth--Heisthemostfamous"LakePoet“,apoetofnature.--Wordsworthgiveshisfamousdefinitionofpoetryas"Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling."--poemsaboutnatureandthelifeofordinarypeople

TotheCuckoo《杜鹃颂》ToaButterfly《蝶颂》IWanderedLonelyasaCloud《独自云游》

LucyPoems《露西组歌》

TheSolitaryReaper《孤独的刈麦女》

SheDweltamongtheUntroddenWays

--shortsadlyricsonthethemeofharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.Questions1.Canyousaysomethingabouttheimagesgiveninthepoem?(grave,violet,moss,stone,way,girl)2.Pleasepointoutliterarydevicesusedinthepoem.LucyPoemsSheDweltamongtheUntroddenWays

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

A.Briefintroduction--Thisisfrom“PoemsoftheImagination”--

IWanderedLonelyasaCloudis

alsocommonlyknownasDaffodils,whichisalyricpoem.ItisWordsworth'smostfamouswork.--Thepoemwasinspiredbyaneventon15April1802,inwhichWordsworthandhissisterDorothycameacrossa"longbelt"ofdaffodils.

B.Questionstodiscuss1.Whatistheimportanceofthecloudcomparisoninthefirstline?2.Whatkindofscenerydoesthepoetcomeacross?3.Whatischangeofpoet’sthought?Whatdidheseeandwhatdidhefeel?4.Howdoesthebeautyofdaffodilsinfluencethepoetafterwards?5.Whatdoesthispoemmainlywriteabout?6.Whatistherhymeschemeineachstanza?

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleontheMilkyWay,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:Igazed--andgazed--butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacant

orinpensive

mood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.Topicsfordiscussion--HowdoesWordsworthdescribethebeautyofdaffodils?--Whatisthemilkyway?--Whatwillyoudoforourenvironmentafteryoureadthepoem?GeorgeGordonByron(1788-1824)LiteratureinBritishRomanticPeriod

II.GeorgeGordonByron

(1788-1824)乔治.戈登.拜伦1.Hislife2.Hisworks3.TheIslesofGreece4.SheWalksinBeautyRomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron

RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron

A.Byron’sLife--Hewasborninanoblefamilyandhismotherpettedandabusedhim.--Byronwashandsome,withpassionatetemper,buthehadbeenbornwithaclubfoot.--HewaseducatedatHarrowSchoolandinCambridgeUniversity.--ItwasatCambridgethathebegantowritepoetry.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron--Hisfirstvolumeofpoems,HoursofIdlenesswaspublishedin1807.--InCambridge,heledanunbalancedlife.Hespentmuchofhismoneyonexpensiveclothesandondecorationsforhiscollegerooms,heentertainedlavishlyandkeptapetbear.--In1809,hegraduatedfromCambridge,enteredtheHouseofLords,andstartedonatourofEurope.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron--HepublishedthefirsttwocantosofhislongpoemChildeHarold’sPilgrimagein1812.--In1815,ByronmarriedAnnabella,Ayearlater,hiswifelefthimafterthebirthoftheirdaughterAda.ByronfoundhimselfsurroundedbyscandalandleftEnglandin1816andneverreturned.--Hespenteightyearsabroad,largelyinItaly,wherehewasassociatedwithShelleyuntilShelley’stragicdeathin1822.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron--InItaly,hetookanactivepartintherevolutionarystruggle.--In1824,hewenttoGreecetohelpthatcountryforlibertyagainstTurks.Hediedoffeverthere.

Hisfamoustwolongpoems:ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage(1812,1817,1818)《恰尔德.哈洛德游记》

DonJuan(1818-1823)《唐璜》.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronOtherfamouspoems:--OrientalTales

(1813-1816)《东方叙事诗》--Manfred

(1817)《曼弗雷德》--drama--ThePrisonerofChillon

(1816)

《契伦的俘虏》--sonnet--Cain(1821)《该隐》--dramaRomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronThreegreatpoliticalsatires:--TheIrishAvatar

(1821),

--TheVisionofJudgment

(1822)

《审判的幻景》--TheAgeofBronze

(1823)《青铜世纪》YoungByronLordByronRomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronB.ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage(1812,1817,1818)A)IntroductionThepoemcontainsfourcantos.Genre:poetryAuthor:GeorgeGordonByronType:longpoem,inSpenserianstanzaStory:RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron--Byronusedhisownexperiencesasthematerialofthelongpoem.--Thefirstcantodealswiththehero'sjourneyinPortugalandSpain.--ThesecondcantodescribesAlbaniaandGreece.--InthethirdcantoappearedhisdescriptionofWaterloo.--ThefourthcantodescribesItaly.--ItiswritteninSpenserianstanza.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronB)Byronicheroes

Byronicheroes

aremenwithfierypassionsandunbendingwillandexpressthepoet'sownidealoffreedom.Theseheroesriseagainsttyrannyandinjustice,buttheyaremerelylonefightersstrivingforpersonalfreedomandsomeindividualisticends.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron--AsaleadingRomanticist,Byron'schiefcontributionishiscreationofthe"Byronichero",aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.Withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicherowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety,andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillandinexhaustibleenergies.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronTheconflictisusuallyoneofrebelliousindividualsagainstoutwornsocialsystemsandconventions.SuchaheroappearsfirstinChildeHarold'sPilgrimage,andtheninotherworks.Thefigureis,tosomeextent,modeledonthelifeandpersonalityofByronhimself,andmakesByronfamousbothathomeandabroad.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronTwocontroversialopinionsonByron:1.Hewasregardedasthepervertedman,thesatanicpoet;2.Whileonthecontinent,hewasdescribedasthechampionofliberty,poetofthepeople.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByron-BecauseoftheEnglishprejudice,Byronwasrefusedtobeburiedinthe"Poets'Corner"whenhedied.Onlyin1969wasthisprejudiceagainstByronfinallyovercomebytheBritishcriticalcircle.Awhitemarble-floormemorialtoLordByronwassetupinWestminsterAbbey.Byron:SheWalksinBeautyC.SheWalksinBeautyThispoemischosenfromHebrewMelodies(1815).OnJune11,1814,Byronattendedapartywhereheforthefirsttimemethisyoungcousin,LadyWilmotHorton,whowasdressedinamourninggown.Byronwassostruckbyherbeautythat,onreturninghome,hewrotethispoeminasinglenight.

SheWalksinBeautySheWalksinBeautySheWalksinBeautyShewalksinbeauty,likethenightOfcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;Andallthat'sbestofdarkandbrightMeetinheraspectandhereyes:ThusmellowedtothattenderlightWhichheaventogaudydaydenies.SheWalksinBeautyOneshadethemore,oneraytheless,HadhalfimpairedthenamelessgraceWhichwavesineveryraventress,Orsoftlylightenso'erherface;WherethoughtsserenelysweetexpressHowpure,howdeartheirdwelling-place.SheWalksinBeautyAndonthatcheek,ando'erthatbrow,Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,Amindatpeacewithallbelow,Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!SheWalksinBeautyQuestions1.Whatisthecolorofthelady'sdress?Howdoyouknow?2.Whatdoes"theirdwellingplacerefertointhelastlineofthesecondstanza?Byron:SheWalksinBeauty

Byron’sdaughterRomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronE.DonJuan

(1818-1823)Genre:poetryAuthor:GeorgeGordon,LordByronType:SociopoliticalsatiricepicTime:18thcenturyPlaces:Spain,Turkey,Russia,EnglandFirstEdition:1819-1824HaideeandDonJuanHaremSlavesRomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronTheIslesofGreeceTheIslesofGreece,takenfromCantoIIIofDonJuan,isamongByron'smosteffectivepoeticalutterancesonnationalfreedom.Allthe16stanzasthatconstitutethesongaresupposedtohavebeensungbyaGreeksingerattheweddingfeastofDonJuanandHaideeonanisleofGreece.RomanticPeriod:GeorgeGordonByronThemeBypraisingGreece'sancientbrilliantculture,splendidcivilization,greatmilitaryachievementsandheroicmilitanttraditionandsatirizingtheGreek'sindifferencetowardstheircountry'sbeingslavedbyTurks,ByrontriesveryhardtoencourageandimpeltheGreekpeopletoriseandfightfortheirnationallibertyandindependence,whichshowsthepoet'senthusiasticsupportforpeopleagainstallformsofoppression.III.PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)RomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelley

PercyByssheShelley

(1792-1822)

波西·比·雪莱HislifeHisworksOdetotheWestWindRomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelleyA.Shelley’sLife(Seethetextbook,page98)--In1802hewenttoschoolandatEton,hewascalled“MadShelley”.--At18hewentuptoOxfordfromEton.--Hewasexpelledfromtheuniversitybecauseofhispamphlet,TheNecessityofAtheism(1811).RomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelley--Homeless,helivedinLondonattheageof19andmarriedHarriet,aschoolgirlof16.--Shelley'smarriagewithHarriethadprovedshort-livedandthecoupleagreedtoseparatein1814.ThereforeheleftLondonwiththenovelistWilliamGodwin'sgifteddaughterMary.--HewascompelledtoleaveEnglandin1818andspendtherestofhislifeinItalybecauseofascandalmadebyhispoliticalenemies.--In1822,hewasdrownedatthecoastofItaly.She,attheageofeighteen,wroteherfirstandthemostfamousnovel,Frankenstein

MaryShelleyRomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelleyYoungShelleyRomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelleyB.Shelley’sWorks--QueenMab(1813),

ItwascalledbyMarx“theChartists‘Bible.

(宪章主义的圣经)--PrometheusUnbound

(1819)－poeticdrama--TheCenci

(1819)《钦契》－poeticdrama--SongtotheMenofEngland

(1819)－powerfulpoliticallyricRomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelley--Englandin1819

(1819)

－powerfulpoliticallyric--OdetotheWestWind

(1819)《西风颂》－lyriconnatureandlove--OdetoaSkylark(1820)《云雀颂》

－lyriconnatureandloveRomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelley--Engelssaid:"Shelley,thegenius,theprophet,Shelley."ShelleywasthefirstpoetinEuropewhosangfortheworkingclass.--agreatesttheoristofpoetry.

ADefenceofPoetry

(1821)《诗辩》--TohimnatureexistsasanunseenLifeoftheUniverse,andhisloveofnatureisalmostboundless.Inhislyrics,natureisendowedwithlife,andthepoetmergeshimselfinit.RomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelleyC.Shelley’sloveview--Inhislovelyrics,Shelleyregardsloveasthenoblestthingintheuniverse,asthethingofextremepurityandasafeelingofdevotionandworship.Hebelievesthatthenoblestloveinthehumanworldmayleadmankindtoastateofharmony,happiness,peaceandperfection.RomanticPeriod:PercyByssheShelleyD.OdetotheWestWindA)Introduction--Inthispoem,thepoetassociatesthestormystrugglesofrevolutionintheworldwiththestormortempestinthenature.Shelleywrotethispoemtoprophesythecomingofrevolutionarytempestorstorm,toexpresshispassionatefeelingsShelley：

OdetotheWestWind--terserima,avariantoftheoriginalItalianpattern:five14-linedstanzasofiambicpentameter,eachofthestanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.--Therimeschemeis:aba,bcb,cdc,ded,ee--run-onlines,theformofwhichexpresstheunrestrainedfeelingsofthepoetandalsoshowsproperlytheimageofthefreeviolentWestWind.Shelley：OdetotheWestWindB)MainideaofeachstanzaStanza1:Thisstanzadescribesthepowerandfunctionofwestwind:destroyerandpreserver.Shelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindStanza2:Inthisstanza,thepoetdescribesthepowerofwestwindwithcloud,rain,lightning,andhailinthesky.Shelley：

OdetotheWestWindAngelrainShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindStanza3:Thisstanzadescribestheactivityonthewavesintheseainfluencedbywestwind.Shelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindStanza4:Thisstanzaisaboutthepoet'ssighofemotionresultedfromthewestwind.It'saboutcharacterizationofhimselfinrelationtothewind.Shelley：

OdetotheWestWindWestWind'slyreShelley：

OdetotheWestWindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindStanza5:Inthelaststanza,thepoetshowshisactiveandoptimisticspirit.Thepoetaskswestwindtohelphimsweepawaythedepressedfeelingsandpassivethoughts.Thestanzatellsustheprophecytothewindforpersonalpowerandcallsfortheregenerationofthenewworld.IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehindShelley：

OdetotheWestWindC)Theme

OdetotheWestWindisoneofShelley'sbestknownpoliticallyrics.ThepoetdescribesvividlytheactivitiesoftheWestWindontheearth,intheskyandontheseaandthenexpresseshisenvyfortheboundlessfreedomofthewestwindandhiswishtobefreelikethewindandtoscatterhiswordsamongmankind.Thepoetwillbethewind’sactivecooperativeinstrument,scatteringhiswordsamongmankind.Thecelebratedfinallineofthepoem,“IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?”canbestexpressShelley’soptimisticbeliefinthefutureofmankind.Shelley：

OdetotheWestWindD)Features

--Hispoemsarefullofimages,personification,metaphors,similes,symbols,classicalallusions.--Thetoneisrichinpassion.--aclearandfocusedthemeandwellarrangedstructure.JohnKeats(1795-1821)RomanticPeriod:JohnKeatsJohnKeats

(约翰·济慈,1795－1821)A.Hislife--WhenKeatswas9yearsoldhisfatherdied,andhismotherdiedwhenhewas15.--Heworkedasasurgeon'shelperinaLondonhospital.Thoughskillfulenoughasasurgeon,heabandonedhisprofessionin1817,anddevotedhimselfentirelytopoetry.RomanticPeriod:JohnKeats--Inthesummerof1818heleftLondonandstartedonawalkingtourthroughEnglandandScotland.--KeatswenttoRometoseekawarmclimateforthewinterinthefallof1820.--HediedthereonFebruary23,1821.RomanticPeriod:JohnKeatsB.Keats’well-knownworksAllhispoetrywasdoneinthreeorfouryears.Keats’famousodes:--OdetoaNightingale(1819)《夜莺颂》--OdeonaGrecianUrn(1819)《希腊古瓮颂》--OdetoAutumn(1819)(ToAutumn)《秋颂》--OdeonMelancholy

(1819)《忧郁颂》--OdetoPsyche《心灵颂》RomanticPeriod:JohnKeats--Endymion

(1818)《恩底弥翁》alongnarrativepoem.--Isabella(1820)《伊莎贝拉》__alongnarrativepoem--Lamia(1820)《拉米雅》—alongnarrativepoem--TheEveofSt.Agnes(1820)《圣·阿格尼斯之夜》Hyperion

(1820)《许佩里翁》-anunfinishedlongepicRomanticPeriod:JohnKeats--Keats'odeshavegenerallybeenconsideredashismostimportantworks.--Keatsisawriterof"purepoetry",asortof"artforart'ssake”.--Hisleadingprincipleis:"Beautyistruth,truthbeauty.""Iamcertainofnothing,"hewrote,"buttheholinessoftheheart'saffections,andtheTruthofImagination.WhattheImaginationseizesasBeautymustbeTruth,whetheritexistedbeforeornot."JohnKeatsandFannyBrawne被命运戏弄的爱情故事催生了世界上最美妙的英文诗句。Keatsislisteningtothesongofthenightingale.InspirationcomesfrombeautifulnatureThefantasticbeautyofnaturesparkspoet’sinspiration.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleC.OdetoANightingale《夜莺颂》1.Thepoemconsistsofeightstanzas,eachconsistingoftenlinesofiambicpentameterandarimeschemeofababcdecde,withtheexceptionoftheeighthlinewhichhasonlythreefeet.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingale2.ThisodewasinspiredbythesingingofanightingalethathadbuiltitsnestclosetothehouseofafriendofthepoetinHampstead.HereKeatsnotonlyexpresseshisrapturesuponhearingthebeautifulsongsofthenightingaleandhisdesiretogototheetherealworldofbeautytogetherwiththebird,buthealsoshowshisdeepsympathyforandhiskeenunderstandingofhumanmiseriesinthesocietyinwhichhelived.NightingaleJohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleGriefandtroublescrowdedinuponhim:-Hisdearlylovedbrother,Tom,died;-Hewasintroubleaboutmoney;-Hebecameillwithtuberculosis;-Hefellinlovebutcouldnotmarrytheonehelovedduetohispovertyandpoorhealth.Itwasthisyearningandsufferingthatquickenedhismaturityandaddedanewdimensiontohispoetry.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza1Thisstanzaisaboutpoet'scomplicatedemotionofpainandmerriment.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza2Thepoetwantstoleavetheworldfulloftroublesandgointotheforestbywayofwine.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza3Thisstanzatellsuswhythepoetwantstogointotheforestbythepowerofwine.Forhewantstoforgetthesadnessintheworld,butinvain.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza4Thewinecannotmakehimleavewiththenightingaleawayfromtheworldofpainandsorrow,hispoeticimaginationwillhelphimservethepurpose.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza5Inthisstanza,thepoetgivesusseveralbeautifulimagesofbeautyinnatureintheforest.Butweshouldpayattentiontodifferentkindsofimagesinthisstanza.--visualimage视觉意象；--auditoryimage（ofhearing）听觉意象；--olfactoryimage(ofsmell)嗅觉意象；--gustatoryimage(oftaste)味觉意象；--abstractimage抽象意象JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza6Thepoetisveryhappyandwantstodieinthisstate,especiallylisteningtothesongofnightingale.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza7Thisstanzaisaboutthereflectionofsadness,homesickmelancholytone.JohnKeats:

OdetoaNightingaleStanza8Forlornislikeabelltomakethepoetcomebacktotherealworld.Heiswanderingbetweenwakeandsleep.RomanticPeriod:JohnKeatsD.

PointsofViewKeatsisamoderateradical,hasgreatsympathyforthepoor.Hebelievesthatpoetryisareleasefrommisery,avehicletoparadise.Themissionofpoetryistoworkforthewelfareofthepeople.Themessagecarriedinhispoetryisthelastingpowerofbeautyanditsunionwithtruth.RomanticPeriod:JohnKeatsE.Questionsandexercises1.Whatemotionsarearousedinthepoetbythesongofthenightingale?2.BywhatdetailsdoesthepoetputthereaderintothemoodofaSpringnight?3.InthispoemKeatsusesaten-linestanzadividedbyrhymeschemeintoaquatrainandasestet.Whatisestablishedinthefirstfourlinesthatiscommentedoninthelastsix?Isthispatternconsistentthroughoutthepoem?RomanticPeriod:JohnKeats4.Thisparticularpoemisfamousforitsexquisiteimageryanlyricstyle.Whatsensualimagerynotdependingoneyesightisusedinlines41-50?5.Inasmuchasthispoemisbasedonfantasyandimagination,whatistheanswertothequestioninthelastline?SirWalterScott

(1771-1832)沃尔特·司各特

SirWalterScott(1771-1832)

poetandnovelistA.HisLife-WalterScottwasborninEdinburgh.ScottwaseducatedattheUniversityofEdinburghwherehestudiedlaw.SirWalterScott-Asachild,Scottwasdelicateandlameintherightleg.-WalterScottwasafamouspoetandnovelist.Hewrote25novels,forwhichheisknownasthefatherofanewformofliterature,historicalnovel.-Scottisratherdifficulttoreadbecauseofthedialect.Thebooksarelongforthemodernreader.-Hisstyleissometimesheavy,buthelovedpeopleandcouldtellstorieswell.SirWalterScott-In1826helostallhismoneythroughthebusinessfailureofhispublisherandprinter.Hisindebtednesswas