通用高考英语一轮复习第三部分高考题型突破题型七概要写作训练1含解析

第三部分高考题型突破题型七概要写作习思用·过关检测Writing1[2018浙江11月]阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing2阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation,studentsarenowabletostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesoftheindividualwayoflearning,whileothereducationalistsstronglyopposeit,claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtopooracademicperformance.Inmyopinion,groupstudy(studyingasagroup)hasmanymoretooffer,andthereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Itistruethatweshouldvalueindividualism,pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourabilitytomakeupourownminds.This,however,doesnotnecessarilymeanthat,withself-relianceinmind,wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess,nomatterwhatwedo.Afterall,sometimesthingsgotheotherwayround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying,whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsatfirstthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount?Theanswerisabsolutely"Yes".Byexchangingthoughtswithourstudypartners,wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel;bycomparingourselveswithotherstudents,wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwemaybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehindothers.Itisknowntoallthathumansare"gregarious(群居的)animals".Notonlydowestudyorplaytogether,butalsoweworkingroups.Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers,andstudyingwithotherpeopleoffersthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlearningability,buttheymaynotsurviveinthecompetitivejobmarket,fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whileweshouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset,theimportantroleplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall,studentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachievesuccessinthefuture.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing3阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Areyoutryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou’realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation?Youmightwanttoholdoffthat.Feelingstressfulchangeshowpeopleweighriskandreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymoreattentiontothepositivesidesofapossibleoutcome.It’sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright,saysMaraMatherfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Sheco-wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR.Lighthall."Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,"Mathersays."Stressisusuallyassociatedwithnegativeexperiences,soyou’dthink‘MaybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeoutcomes’."Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress,theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationanddiscountingnegativeinformation."Stressseemstohelppeoplelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair(削弱)theirlearningfromnegativefeedback,"Mathersays.Whenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision,theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativesthey’reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho’sthinkingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressfulaboutitmightfocusontheincreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute(上下班路程).Theincreasedfocusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevokingaddictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges."Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey’relessabletoresistit,"Mathersays.Stressalsoincreasesthedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisks.Whenmenareunderstress,theybecomeevenmorewillingtotakerisks;whenwomenarestressful,theygetmoreconservative.Previousresearchbacksthisup—atdifficulttimes,mentendtowardsthefight-or-flightresponse,whilewomentrytobondmorewithothersandimprovetheirrelationships.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing4阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishdisposed(处理)carelessly.Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,eachofwhichcomesfromdifferentsources.Itisnecessarytoidentifythesourceofpollutants,inordertomakeapolicytogetridofthem.Differentproducts,processesandactivitiesofourindustrializedworldtogetherformthemajorsourceofpollutants.Theformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedintothreekinds—solids,liquidsandgases.Thesepollutantshavegreatlydamagedourplanetandcontinuetodoso.Infact,pollutionisthreateningourexistence.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionoftheenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman’sexistence.Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactiontosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtoplacestrictcontroloverindustrialpollution;thepublicmustreceivetheeducationaboutthedangerofpollutionandraisetheirawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentandsoon.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandourlatergenerations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththesituationbythegovernment.Andlawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.Ihopetheproblemswillbesolvedinthenearfutureandthatourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案题型七概要写作Writing1【写作思路】核心内容:本文是一篇说明文。在申请大学之前,最好能够先去了解即将报考的大学的相关情况,特别是你家附近的大学,可以去里面走一走,如果时间和钱不允许,也可以上网查询相关情况。写作分析:(1)抓住主旨,理清结构关系。原文第一段提出了主题,即在申请大学之前去参观一下是一个很好的主意;第二、三、四段讲述了具体的措施。(2)确立语篇主题,合理重组结构。原文第一段首先表明了文章的中心,可概括为"You’dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly"(要点1);第二段交代了了解大学的方式之一,可概括为"Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply"(要点2);第三段交代了了解大学的方式之二,可概括为"Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble"(要点3);第四段交代了了解大学的方式之三,可概括为"VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit’simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,willbebeneficial"(要点4)。通过以上分析,我们可以发现原文的论述结构:提出文章中心(要点1)——展开论述(要点2—4)。在写概要的时候,考生应先确定采取何种表达顺序来完成对原文要点的表述。【参考范文】You’dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly.(要点1)Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply.(要点2)Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble.(要点3)VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit’simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,willbebeneficial.(要点4)Writing2【文章大意】Paragraph1:随着远程教育的日益流行,现在学生可以在家自己学习。教育领域的一些专家支持独立的学习方式,而其他教育家强烈反对这种学习方式。作者认为小组学习有更多的优点,所以我们应该把小组学习放在第一位。Paragraph2:我们应该重视个人主义,为自己的独立和自主能力感到自豪,但这未必意味着在自我独立的情况下,不管做什么我们总能开启一条通往成功的路。学习者之间的交流沟通是很重要的,通过与学习伙伴交流想法,我们可以更广泛地加深对某一问题的认识,通过与学习伙伴的对比,我们也可以了解自己当前的学习水平,从而与他人齐步前进。Paragraph3:众所周知,人类是群居动物。小组学习给学习者提供了绝佳的机会来学习如何与他人沟通与合作,这有利于人们在充满竞争的就业市场中胜出。Paragraph4:虽然我们应该鼓励学生发展自己的思维方式,但绝不应低估小组学习的重要作用。总而言之,独立学习的学生可能需要改变他们的学习习惯,以便在未来取得成功。【参考范文】Despitethepopularityofindependentlearning,Iholdthebeliefthatgroupstudycanbenefitusmore.(要点1)Interactionwithpeersisnolessimportantthanindependenceinachievingsuccess.(要点2)Meanwhile,socialskillsthatplayasignificantroleinpeople’scareerscanbelearnedfromgroupstudy.(要点3)Toconclude,theimportanceofgroupstudyshouldnotbeundervaluedifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture.(要点4)Writing3【文章大意】Paragraph1:压力会改变人们如何权衡风险和回报。一篇发表在《心理科学近期趋势》上的文章表明,处于压力下的人们更加关注可能出现的结果的积极方面。Paragraph2:研究者发现当人们处于压力下时,他们开始更加关注积极的信息。Paragraph3:换工作和上瘾两件事说明压力对人们做决定有一定的影响。P